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he had come to Jerufalem, and had ventured to rebuild its wall that was thrown down by Pompey, had not Gabinius, who was fent as fucceffor to Scaurus into Syria, fhewed his bravery, as in many other points, fo in making an expedition againft Alexander; who, as he was afraid that he would attack him, fo he got together a large army, compofed of ten thoufand armed footmen, and fifteen hundred horfemen. He alfo built walls about proper places: Alexandrium, and Hyrcanium, and Macherus, that lay upon the mountains of Arabia.

3. However, Gabinius fent before him Marcus Antonius, and followed himself with his whole army; but for the select body of foldiers that were about Antipater, and another body of Jews under the command of Malichus and Pitholaus, thefe joined themselves to thofe captains that were about Marcus Antonius, and met Alexander; to which body came Gabinus, with his main army foon afterward; and as Alexander was not able to sustain the charge of the enemies forces, now they were joined, he retired. But when he was come near to Jerufalem he was forced to fight, and loft fix thoufand men in the battle; three thousand of which fell down dead, and three thoufand were taken alive; fo he fled with the remainder to Alexandrium.

4. Now when Gabinius was come to Alexandrium, because he found a great many there encamped, he tried, by promifing them pardon for their former offences, to induce them to come over to him, before it came to a fight; but when they would hearken to no terms of accommodation, he flew a great number of them, and shut up a great number of them in the citadel. Now Marcus Antonius, their leader, fignalised himself in this battle, who as he always thewed great courage, fo did he never fhew it fo much as now; but Gabinius, leaving forces to take the citadel, went away himfelt, and fettled the cities that had not been demolished, and rebuilt tho ́e that had been deftroyed. Accordingly, upon his injunctions, the following cities were refiored. Scythopolis, and Samaria, and Anthedon, and Appolinia, and Jaminia, and Raphia, and Mariffa, and Adoreus, and Gamala, and Afhdod, and many others; while a great number of men readily ran to each of them, and became their inhabitants.

5. When Gabinius had taken care of thefe cities, he returned to Alexandrium, and preffed on the fiege. So when Alexander defpaired of ever obtaining the government, he fent ambaffadors to him, and prayed him to forgive what he had offended him in, and gave up to him the remaining fortreffes, Hyrcanium, and Macheras as he put Alexandrium into his hands afterwards: All which Gabinius demolished, at the perfuafion of Alexander's mother, that they might not be receptacles of men in a lecond war. She was now there in order to molity Gabinius, out of her concern for her relations that were captives at Rome, which were her husband and her other

children. After this Gabinius brought Hyrcanus to Jerufalem and committed the care of the temple to him; but ordained the other political government to be by an aristocracy. He allo parted the whole nation into five conventions, affigning one portion to Jerufalem, another to Gadara, that another fhould belong to Amathus, a fourth to Jericho, and to the fifth divifion was allotted Sepphoris, a city of Galilee. So the people were glad to be thus freed from monarchical government, and were governed for the future by an aristocracy.

6. Yet did Ariftobulus afford another foundation for new difturbances. He fled away from Rome, and got together again many of the Jews that were defirous of a change, fuch as had borne an affection to him of old; and when he had taken Alexandrium in the first place, he attempted to build a wall about it; but as foon as Gabinius had fent an army against him under Sifenna, and Antonius, and Servilius, he was aware of it, and retreated to Macherus. And as for the unprofitable multitude, he difmiffed them, and only marched on with thofe that were armed, being to the number of eight thousand, among whom was Pitholaus, who had been the lieutenant at Jerufalem, but deferted to Ariftobulus with a thousand of his men: So the Romans followed him, and when it came to a battle, Ariftobulus's party for a long while fought courageoufly; but at length they were overborne by the Romans, and of them five thousand fell down dead, and about two thousand fled to a certain little hill, but the thousand that remained with Ariftobulus brake through the Roman army,andmarched togeth er to Macherus; and when the king had lodged the first night upon its ruins, he was in hopes of raifing another army, if the war would but ceafe a while; accordingly he fortified that ftrong hold, though it were done after a poor manner. But the Romans falling upon him, he refifted, even beyond his abilities for two days, and then was taken, and brought a prifoner to Gabinius, with Antigonus his fon who had fled away together with him from Rome, and from Gabinius he was carried to Rome again. Wherefore the fenate put him under confinement, but returned his children back to Judea, because Gabinius informed them by letters that he had promised Ariftobulus's mother to do fo, for her delivering the fortreffes up to him.

7. But now as Gabinius was marching to the war against the Parthians, he was hindered by Ptolemy, whom, upon his return from Euphrates, he brought back into Egypt, making ufe of Hyrcanus and Antipater, to provide every thing that was neceflary for this expedition; for Antipater furnished him with money and weapons, and corn, and auxiliaries; he alfo prevailed with the Jews that were there, and guarded the avenues at Pelnfium to let them pafs. But now upon Gabinius's abfence, the other part of Syria was in motion, and Alexander the fon of Ariftobulus brought the Jews to a revolt a

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gain. Accordingly he got together a very great army, and fet about killing all the Romans that were in the country hereupon Gabinius was afraid, (for he was came back already out of Egypt, and obliged to come back quickly by these tumults,) and fent Antipater, who prevailed with fome of the revolters to be quiet. However thirty thousand still continued with Alexander, who was himself eager to fight also ; accordingly Gabinius went out to fight, when the Jews met him, and as the battle was fought near mount Tabor, ten thoufand of them were flain, and the rest of the multitude difperfed themselves and fled away. So Gabinius came to Jerufalem, and fettled the government as Antipater would have it; thence he marched, and fought and beat the Nabateans; as for Mithridates and Orfanes, who fled out of Parthia, he fent them away privately, but gave it out among the foldiers that they had

run away.

8. In the mean time, Craffus, came as fucceffor to Gabinius in Syria. He took away all the reft of the gold belonging to the temple of Jerufalem, in order to furnilh himself for his expedition against the Parthians. He allo took away the two thousand talents which Pompey had not touched; but when he had passed over Euphrates, he perifhed himself and his ar my with him; concerning which affairs this is not a proper time to speak [more largely.]

9. But now Caffius, after Craffus, put a stop to the Parthians, who were marching in order to enter Syria. Caffius had fled into that province, and when he had taken poffeffion of the fame, he made an hafty march into Judea; and upon his taking Taricheæ, he carried thirty thoufand Jews into lavery. He also flew Pitholaus, who had fupported the feditious followers of Ariftobulus, and it was Antipater who advised him fo to do. Now this Antipater married a wife of an eminent family among the Arabians, whofe name was Cyprus, and had four fons born to him by her, Phafaelus and Herod who was afterwards king, and befides thefe, Joseph and Pheroras; and he had a daughter whose name was Salome. Now as he made himfelt friends among the men of power every where, by the kind offices he did them, and the hospitable manner that he treated them; fo did he contract the greatest friendship with the king of Arabia, by marrying his relation, infomuch, that when he made war with Ariftobulus, he sent and intrufted his children with him. So when Caffius had forced Alexander to come to terms and to be quiet, he returned to Euphrates, in order to prevent the Parthians from repaffing it; concerning which matter* we shall speak elsewhere.

This citation is now wanting.

CHAP. IX.

Ariftobulus is taken off by Pompey's friends, as is his Son A lexander by Scipio. Antipater cultivates a Friendship with Cafar after Pompey's death; he allo performs great Actions in that War wherein he affifled Mithridates.

§ I. TOW upon the flight of Pompey, and of the fenate beyond the Ionian Sea Cæfar got Rome and the empire under his power, and releafed Ariftobulus from his bonds. He also committed two legions to him, and fent him in hafte into Syria, as hoping that by his means, he fhould eafily conquer that country and the parts adjoining to Judea. But envy prevented any effect of Ariftobulus's alacrity, and the hopes of Cæfar; for he was taken off by poifon given him by thofe of Pompey's party, and for a long while he had not fo much as a burial vouchfafed him in his own country; but his dead body lay above the ground], preserved in honeny, until it was fent to the Jews by Antony, in order to be buried in the royal fepulchres.

2. His fon Alexander alfo was beheaded by Scipio at Antioch, and that by the command of Pompey, and upon an accufation laid against him before his tribunal, for the mifchiefs he had done to the Romans. But Ptolemy the fon of Menneus, who was then ruler of Chalcis, under Libanus, took his brethren to him, by fending his fon Philippio for them to Afcalon, who took Antigonus, as well as his fifters, away from Ariftobulus's wife, and brought them to his father; and falling in love with the younger daughter, he married her, and was afterward flain by his tather on her account; for Ptolemy himself, after he had flain his fon, married her, whofe name was Alexandra, on account of which marriage he took the greater care of her brother and fifter.

3. Now after Pompey was dead, Antipater changed fides, and cultivated a friendfhip with Cæfar. And fince Mithridates of Pergamus, with the forces he led against Egypt, was excluded from the avenues about Pèlufium and was torced to ftay at Afcalon, he perfuaded the Arabians among whom he had lived, to affift him, and came himfelf to him at the head of three thousand armed men. He alfo encouraged the men of power in Syria to come to his affiftance, as alto of the inhabitants of Libanus, Ptolemy, and Jamblicus, and another Ptolemy; by which means the cities of that country came readily into this war; infomuch that Mithridates ventured now, in dependence upon the additional ftrength that he had gotten by Antipater, to march forward to Pelufium; and when they refufed him a paffage through it, he befieged the

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city; in the attack of which place Antipater principally fig-` nalized himself, for he brought down that part of the wall which was over againft him, and leaped firft of all into the city with the men that were about him.

4. Thus was Pelufium taken. But ftill as they were march. ing on, thofe Egyptian Jews that inhabited the country, called the country of Onias, flopped them. Then did Antipater not only perfuade them not to ftop them, but to afford provifions for their army; on which account even the people about Memphis would not fight against them, but of their own accord joined Mithridates. Whereupon he went round about Delta, and fought the reft of the Egyptians at a place called the Jews Camp Nay, when he was in danger in the battle with all his right wing, Antipater wheeled about, and came along the bank of the river to him; for he had beaten thofe that opposed him as he led the left wing. After which fuccefs he fell upon those that purfued Mithridates, and flew a great many of them, and purfued the remainder fo far that he took their camp, while he loft no more than fourscore of his own men ; as Mithridates loft, during the purfuit that was made after him, about eight hundred. He was alfo himself faved unexpectedly, and became an unreproachable witnefs to Cæfar of the great actions of Antipater.

5. Whereupon Cæfar encouraged Antipater to undertake other hazardous enterprizes for him, and that by giving him great commendations, and hopes of reward. In all which enterprises he readily expofed himself to many dangers, and became a moft courageous warrior; and had many wounds almoft all over his body, as demonftrations of his valour. And when Cæfar had fettled the affairs of Egypt, and returning into Syria again, he gave him the privilege of a Roman citizen, and freedom from taxes, and rendered him an object of admiration by the honours and marks of friendship he bestowed upon him. On his account it was also that he confirmed Hyrcanus in the high-prieft-hood.

CHAP. X.

Cafar makes Antipater Procurator of Judea; as does Antipater appoint Phafael to be Governor of Jerufalem, and Herod Governor of Galilee; who in fome time was called to anfwer for himself before the Sanhedrim,] where he is acquitted. Sextus Calar is Treacherously killed by Baffus, and is fuc ceeded by Marcus.

1. ABOUT this time it was that Antigonus, the fon of prifing manner, the occafion of Antipater's farther advancement; for whereas he ought to have lamented that his father VOL. III.

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