graphy. The hiftorical details of battles and fieges to which these places are, by their fituation, continually expofed, are continued to the year 1793, inclufive. The frontispiece is calculated to give the unmilitary reader an idea of the different parts of fortifications, as baftion, horn-work, covered-way, half-moon, glacis, &c. &c. Art. 45. Remarks on the Profeffion and Duty of a Soldier; with other Obfervations relative to the Army at this Time in actual Service on the Continent. By Philip Alley, Efq. of Hercules Hall, &c. Author of " A Defcription of the Towns and Cities at present the Theatre of War in the Low Countries," &c. 8vo. 28. fewed. Egertons. 1794.

Mr. Aitley, we understand, has feen fervice; and he appears to be well acquainted with the profeflional duties which are the fubject of thefe remarks. They are addreffed to the army ;--not with the prefumption that they can prove of any particular advantage to the wellinformed and veteran foldier; yet, from the number of forces recently raised, and at this time augmenting, to act in the defence of England, he is inclined to think that fuch obfervations as are here laid down may tend to the benefit of the fervice.

The fubjects of these remarks are, obfervations on small bodies advancing into an enemy's country; on their retreating; on advanced parties, reconnoitring, attacks, &c.; on the use of cavalry; on dragoon fwords; on embarking and difembarking horfes; on conducting artillery, baggage, &c.; on the ufe of guides, and the new-invented lanthorn; on the commiffary-general's department; on out-pofts, &c. on diseases incident to horfes during a campaign, &c.

We particularly commend the judgment, and, let us add, the humanity, fhewn by Mr. Aftley, in the remarks and directions which he has given under the last-mentioned head--the management and care of the horfes during a campaign Too much attention cannot be shewn to the poor useful animals that are employed on thefe occafions.

We were forry to learn, by the public papers, that Mr. Aftley's well-known premifes near Westminster Bridge were confumed by fire on the 16th of laft month.

Art. 46. Letters from Barbary, France, Spain, Portugal, c. By an English Officer*. The Second Edition, corrected. 8vo. 2 vols. 12s. Boards. Cadell.

We are glad to see our opinion of the merit of thefe letters confirmed by the demand for a new edition. They certainly form a valuable work, fraught with manly ideas and patriotic fentiments worthy of a British traveller, of a man of extenfive obfervation, well informed, and of a found judgment. The refpectable writer is now engaged in the fervice of his country, as Conful for Gallicia. In his voyage to Spain with his family, he had the misfortune to be taken by the French, but was re-captured, and conducted in safety to Corunna. For our account of the first edition of these volumes, fee Rev. vol. lxxxi. p. 221. Art. 47. Letter addressed to Sir John Sinclair, Bart. refpecting the Important Discovery lately made in Sweden, of a Method to extin

* Major Alexander Jardine, of the artillery. He has not deemed it expedient to affix his name to either of the editions.

guish Fire, with an Account of the Procefs adopted for that purpofe; and Hints of Means for preferving Timber ufed either in Houfes or in Ship-building from that deftructive Element. By Mr. William Knox, Merchant, in Gothenburg. 8vo. pp. 32. 1s. 6d. Debrett, &c. 1793.

In October 1792, M. Von Aken, of Orebro, exhibited at Stockholm the effect of certain fire-extinguishing folutions, of which a drawing and defcription are here given. In the following December, M. Nils Nytroem, apothecary in Norkoeping, fent to the Royal Society of Stockholm a paper on the principles of various fimple and compound folutions for the fame purpofe, a tranflation of which constitutes the chief part of the prefent publication. The general idea is, to impregnate the water ufed in quenching fire with certain incombuftible ingredients, whether falts capable of folution, or earthy matters held in diffufion. The choice of thefe is reprefented as a matter of no great confequence. The articles mentioned for fimple folution or mixture are wood-afhes, pot-afhes, common falt, green vitriol, herring-pickle, alum, and clay; the compounds are, clay, vitriol, and common falt; wood-afhes and clay; red ochre and common falt; herring pickle and red ochre. Thefe are chofen principally on account of the local opportunities of eafily procuring them. They are to be mixed in large proportions with water, and the thicker the mixtures are the more efficacious they are found.

In a note by the tranflator, it is fuggefted that the cheapest material, in many parts of Great Britain, would be the bittern of feafalt; which might be mixed to the confiftence of honey with prepared clay, and kept in cafks ready for dilution when wanted.

An Appendix gives fome additional directions for preparing the foIntions, and the refult of two experiments made in Norkoeping in 1793, by which their extinguishing power appears to be very remarkable. It is fuggefted, alfo, that folutions or mixtures of the fame kind might be advantageously used to impregnate the wood employed in houfes or in fhip-building, fo as to make it little fufceptible of 'taking fire.

We cannot but think that the facts contained in this small publication are of importance enough to deserve the serious attention of all who are particularly interested in preventing the ravages of fire.

** Another article on this fubject, with farther particulars, has been given in our Appendix, p. 527, which was published at the fame time with the Review for this month. That account was extracted from the foreign publications, by a gentleman who had not seen Mr. Knox's letter..

Art. 48. The Defence of Jofeph Gerald, on a Charge of Sedition, be. fore the High Court of Justiciary at Edinburgh *. To which are added, Parallel Paffages between the Speeches of Lord Chief Juftice Jeffries, in the cafe of Algernon Sidney, and of the Lord Chief Justice Clerk, on the trial of Jofeph Gerald. Corrected by himself. 8vo. PP. 52. 1s. 6d. Ridgeway, 1794.

March 13th, 1794.

Not

Not having now before us the printed copy of Mr. Gerald's trial which paffed under our review in June laft, (fee Number for that month, p. 231.) we cannot compare the prefent copy of that gentleman's celebrated fpeech with that which Mr. Ramfay had before communicated to the public: but, as this edition has received the advantage of Mr. G.'s revifal, we must confider it as authentic and complete. It is a performance that certainly does credit to his abilities. In point of compofition it is indeed a masterly performance: the perufal of which, notwithstanding its great length, will fufficiently compenfate the unbias'd reader for the time beftowed on it.-As to the cause which Mr. G. fo ardently maintained, that is a matter which does not properly come before us. It is not for a literary Reviewer to fit in judgment on the Judges of the land.

Art. 49. A Narrative of the Loss of the Winterton, on her Paffage to India, August 20, 1792, on a Reef of Rocks off the Ifland of Madagascar with the Names of the Paffengers and Officers that were faved and loft. 8vo. 6d. Crosby. 1794.

The memorable and melancholy recital of the lofs of the Halfewell Indiaman, a few years ago, is nearly parallelled in the prefent narrative; excepting that fuch of the crew of the Winterton as furvived the deftruction of that ill-fated ship feem to have been referved to experience fubfequent calamities, almost as great,-to the whole of them-as their first misfortune,-and even greater to many of them; whofe miferable exiftence was thus prolonged, to plunge them in consequent wretchednefs, - from which Death, at lalt, released them.— The diftrefs of this affecting tale is fomewhat relieved by a short defcription of Madagascar and of its various inhabitants.

Art. 50. The Hiftory of Robespierre, Political and Perfonal. Containing his Principles, Actions, and Defigns, in the Jacobin Club, Convention, &c. Interfperfed with interefting Traits and curious Anecdotes of Remarkable Characters, &c. 8vo. pp. 136. 35. Crosby.

The outcry against the fallen Robespierre is so great, that we cannot yet expect a candid and difpaffionate account of his conduct and character. In reciting the actions of fuch "a monster," the biographer naturally becomes a declaimer; and, on fuch a fubject, we are not to wonder at the heat and violence of the declamation, if the author be a man of feeling, and an ardent lover of virtue and goodness an Angel of Light, were he writing the life of the Prince of Darkness, might find it difficult to preferve the ftyle and temper neceffary to the delivery of a cool and impartial ftatement of facts and circumstances.

With refpect to the compilement now before us, we could have wished to have feen the name of the author prefixed to it, with fome account of his means of information. Anonymous authority is no authority. Where no reputation is concerned, no refponfibility hazarded, there is no ground for confidence: where the afferter of a falfehood is unknown, who is to blush at the detection ?-We have, however, no particular reafon to queftion the writer's fidelity in relating, and induftry in collecting, fuch particulars as he could find REV. SEPT. 1794. floating

I

floating in the current reports of the day; nor does it seem probable that we fhall fpeedily obtain, from the English press, a more fatiffactory account of this extraordinary mafter of momentary powerthe dreadful tyrant of a day-the terror of infatuated millions, who voluntarily bowed their devoted necks to the horrid " image of authority" which they themselves had "fet up."

A portrait of Robefpierre forms a frontispiece to this narrative. If it be a juft refemblance of the man, the countenance would give us a very unfavourable idea of the character, even without reading a word of what is here written concerning him.

Art. 51

Authentic Memorials of remarkable Occurrences and affecting Calamities in the Family of Sir George Sondes, Bart. In two Parts. The First being his own Narrative: the Second the Narratives of Perfons attending on his Son, Freeman Sondes, Efq. during his Imprisonment, and at his Execution. 12mo. 35. fewed.

Longman.

A republication of two interefting and fcarce tracts, originally printed in 1655, relative to a dreadful occurrence in the family of Sir George Sondes, of Lees Court, near Feversham, Kent*, viz. the inhuman murder of Sir George's eldest fon by the hand of his younger brother: who, for this unnatural crime, paid the legal forfeit of his own worthlefs life.-The narratives, and other papers, preferved in this collection, with all the religious comments, &c wear much of the gloomy complexion of the early part of the last century.

Sir George appears to have been not only a very great fufferer from the dreadful catastrophe which befel his two fons, but from other family and perfonal misfortunes, in addition to the common calamities of the times in which he lived; particularly from his imprifonment, under Oliver's administration, and from the fequeftration of his eftate, in confequence of the charge brought against him that he was a Royalif.

Art. 52. Antiquities of London and Environs, containing many curious Houses, Monuments, and Statues, never before published, and alfo from Original Drawings; with Remarks and References to the much-admired Works of Mr. Pennant, Stowe, Weaver, Camden, Maitland, &c. Engraved and publifhed by J, T. Smith. 4to. 11. 11s. 6d. boards White, &c.

If our great and opulent metropolis cannot boaft its remains of Grecian ftatuary and Roman architecture, it is not without monuments to fhew in what degreee it has been the refidence of the fine arts. The lively image of gluttony in the naked boy of Pye Corner; the pedlar and his dog at Lambeth; Guy Earl of Warwick in Warwick-lane; the effigies of the three renowned taylors, Mafter Stowe, Master Dow, and Mafter Speed; the antient building containing that miracle of art, Mrs. Salmon's wax-work; the venerable relics of London Wall; and that famous palladium of the city, London Stone; with many other curiofities, not inferior in value; are here refcued from the dilapidating hand of time, and difplayed in fair large engravings; *Sir George was the worthy ancestor of the prefent noble family of Sondes.

which, we doubt not, will prove a delectable treat to all true antiquarians.

Art. 53. Rules for Horfemen. 12mo. 6d. Gurney. This is a republication, profelledly, of a tract entitled "Rules for bad Horsemen, by Charles Thompson, Efq." which we recommended in our 27th vol. p. 315 It should be read by every young equestrian; and by that numerous clafs of perfons who, though not novices, are little skilled in the art of managing the noble animals which fo much contribute to our health and our enjoyment, but which are often fo ill treated by the ignorant and the brutish.

Art. 54. Faro, & Rouge et Noir; the Mode of Playing, and Explanation of the terms ufed at both Games; with a Table of the Chances against the Punters, extracted from De Moivre. which is prefixed, a Hiftory of Cards. 12mo. 2s. 6d. fewed. Debrett.

To

We refer the examination of this pamphlet to the punting ladies and gentlemen of St. James's-fquare, Portland-place, St. James's-treet, &c. &c. De Moivre might calculate the chances of the cards at these games, but he would probably have been puzzled to determine the odds whether a Reviewer thould ever be feen to play them, or be known to understand them.

Art. 55. Evenings at Home, or the Juvenile Budget opened. Confifting of a Variety of Mifcellaneous Pieces for the Inftruction and Amufement of young Perfons. Vol. III. 12mo. Is. 6d. Johnfon. 1793.

We have only to refer the reader to the twelfth volume of our New Series, P. 355, where he will find a short account of the preceding parts of this agreeable and ufeful performance.-This additional publication is not inferior to the two that preceded it.

Art. 56. Maxims of Gallantry, or the Hiftory of the Count de Verney. By Ge B-r. Svo. pp. 198. 5s. Boards. Parfons. 1793. Maxims of immorality, fubverfive of honour, virtue, and happiness. The author profeffes to reprobate the more nefarious facrifices to vice, while he fhamefully inculcates the more refined modifications of profligacy.

Art. 57. A Catalogue of Engraved British Portraits, from Egbert the Great, to the prefent Time; confifting of the Effigies of Perfons in every Walk of Human Life; as well thofe whofe Services to their Country are recorded in English Hiftory, as others whofe Eccentricity of Character rendered them confpicuous. With an Appendix, containing the Portraits of fuch Foreigners as either by Alliance with the Royal Families of, or by Refidence in, this Kingdom, or by deriving from it fome Diftinction, may claim a Place in the British Series. By Henry Bromley. 4to. pp. 530. 11. 15. Boards. Payne. 1793.

This laborious work is divided into nine chronological periods. The first begins with the year 827, and ends with 1553; the fecond is from 1554, to 1603; the third, from 1604, to 1625; the fourth, from 1626, to 1660; the fifth, from 1661, to 1684; the fixth, from 1685,