MARYLAND'S RESPONSE TO THE PRESIDENT'S CALL. 461 sister States in the Union by giving a Disunion majority on her vote for Members of Congress! Surely, no Secessionist could go further or ask more than that! Yet this was the response of the only Governor of a Slave State who had claimed votes for his party in the late Presidential canvass on the ground of its espe cial and unflinching devotion to "the Union, the Constitution, and the enforcement of the laws." In other words: Gov. Burton called | engagements and obligations to her for an organization of the Militia of Delaware, not in obedience to the requisition of the President, nor in support of the integrity and authority of the Union, but to be wielded by himself, as circumstances should eventually dictate. And, in consistency with this, neither the Governor nor the great body of his political adherents rendered any aid or encouragement whatever to the Government down to the close of his official life, which happily terminated with the year 1862. Gov. Hicks, of Maryland, made at first no direct, but several indirect, responses to the President's call. He issued, on the 18th, a Proclamation, assuring the people of Maryland of his desire to preserve "the honor and integrity of the State," and to maintain "within her limits, that peace so earnestly desired by all good citizens." He exhorted them to "ab stain from all heated controversy upon the subject,” and pledged them that "all powers vested in the Governor will be strenuously exerted to preserve the peace and maintain inviolable the honor and integrity of Maryland;" adding his assurance that "no troops will be sent from Maryland, unless it may be for the defense of the National capital"that being the express purpose for which the President had required them. Finally, this model Southern Unionist apprised them that "The people of this State will, in a short time, have the opportunity afforded them, in a special election for Members of the Congress of the United States, to express their devotion to the Union, or their desire to see it broken up." In other words: Maryland might, at any time, relieve herself of all her Mayor Brown, of Baltimore-being thoroughly in the confidence as ists-was but too happy to indorse and reiterate these sentiments. In a Proclamation of even date with the foregoing, he "heartily concurs" in the Governor's views aforesaid, "and will earnestly coöperate with his efforts to maintain peace and order in the city of Baltimore;" but he more especially approves and takes delight in the Governor's assurance that "no troops shall be sent from Maryland to the soil of any other State." Of course, he responds to the Governor's suggestion that, at the approaching election, the people of Maryland may vote themselves out of the Union, if a majority shall see fit to do so. He is sure that, if the Governor's counsels shall be well as the interest of the Disunion heeded, "the storm of war which now threatens the country will, at least, pass over our beloved State and leave it unharmed; but, if they shall be disregarded, a fearful and fratricidal strife may at once burst forth in our midst.” These hints and covert menaces were destined to receive a prompt and tragical explication. The President's call was issued on the morning of the 15th; and, on the evening of the 16th, several companies from Pennsylvania had reached Washington and reported for duty. In the afternoon of the 17th, the Sixth Massachusetts-the first full regiment that responded to the call-started from Boston by rail, leaving the Fourth all but ready to follow. On On the 18th, more Pennsylvania Volunteers, including an artillery company, reported at Washington, having that day passed through Baltimore-mauthe Governor's and Mayor's Proclamations aforesaid without objection or impediment. The Sixth Massachusetts-one thousand strongenjoyed that day a magnificent ovation in New York, and passed on southward at night, reaching Baltimore by train about noon on the 19th, utterly unsuspecting and unprepared for the reception that awaited them. ger | rank Disunionists, and the Associa- "I do not care how many Federal troops are sent to Washington; they will soon find themselves surrounded by such an army from Virginia and Maryland that escape to their homes will be impossible; and when the 75,000 who are intended to invade the South the South will exterminate and sweep them shall have polluted that soil with their touch, from the earth." [Frantic cheering and yelling.] The meeting broke up with stentorian cheers for the South' and for President Davis.' To add fuel to the raging flames, news arrived next morning that Lieut. Jones, who was in charge of the Federal Arsenal and other propBut the Secessionists of Baltimore erty at Harper's Ferry, with barely had been intensely excited, on the forty-five regulars, learning that a 18th, by the arrival of emissaries force of 2,500 Virginia Militia was from Charlestown, Va., instructed to advancing to seize that post, had exact not only pledges but guaran- evacuated it during the night, after tees from the managers of the Balti- endeavoring, in the face of a sudmore and Ohio Railroad that no Fed- denly gathered force of Virginians, to eral troops should be permitted to destroy by fire the National properpass over their main line, and that no ty, including fifteen thousand Springmunitions should be removed thereon field muskets there deposited. These from the Federal Arsenal at Harper's were somewhat injured; but the ConFerry! In case of their refusal, their federates are understood to have ultigreat bridge over the Potomac at that mately repaired and used most of point should be blown up. Hereup- them. Lieut. Jones fled across the on, an immense meeting of "The thin western strip of Maryland to National Volunteer Association" was Chambersburg, Pa., losing three of held at evening in Monument Square his men. He left the Ferry at 10 T. Parkin Scott presiding; he, | o'clock, P. M., and reached Hagerswith Wilson C. N. Carr and William town, Md., thirty miles distant, next Burns (President of said Association) | morning; having blown up and debeing the speakers. All these were stroyed the public property so far as SECESSION RIOT IN BALTIMORE. 463 possible, but saving none of it to the | This caused the mob to recoil; and Government. the soldiers, learning that the track had been obstructed, closed their ranks, and commenced their march of two miles and a half through the streets of the city to the Washington dépôt, surrounded and followed by the howling, pelting mob. Mayor Brown and a strong detachment of police marched at the head of the troops, opening a way before them through the vast and angry crowd. Missiles still poured upon them from every quarter; and, in some cases, At the hight of the frenzied excitement created by these tidings, the Massachusetts Sixth, with ten companies of the Philadelphia Washington brigade, under Gen. Small, having left Philadelphia at 3 A. M., of the 19th, reached Baltimore, in a train of seventeen passenger cars, containing over two thousand persons, mainly soldiers. The train stopped at the Camden station, on the east side of the city, a little before noon. The five foremost cars, con-heavy pieces of iron were cast out of taining a portion of the Massachu- second and third-story windows upon setts men, were here detached, and their heads. One man was crushed drawn singly through the city by four horses each. There being no horses for the remainder, the residue of the regiment, of whom but a small portion were armed, left the cars and formed in the street, waiting the arrival of horses. None came; for the Secession mob who filled the streets had covered the track, immediately behind the five cars aforesaid, with heavy anchors, timber, stones, and other obstructions-piled, in one instance, to a hight of fifteen feet-and, by the help of these, were prepared to prevent the passage of any more cars. Meantime, the residue of the regiment, as they formed, were assailed by showers of stones and other missiles, hurled from the streets and the house-tops, whereby several of them were knocked down and otherwise badly injured. In the confusion thus created among the raw, unarmed soldiers, a rioter came behind the last platoon, seized the musket of one of the volunteers, and shot him dead. Hereupon, the soldiers were ordered to fire; and those who had guns and ammunition did so, with some effect. down by one of these iron billets. The front of the column received little injury; but the rioters closed in upon and attempted to cut off a portion of the rear, which, being hardly pressed, was at length ordered to fire ; and the order was obeyed. Several volleys were fired by a small portion of the regiment, whereby eleven of the mob were killed, and four severely wounded. Of the soldiers, three were slain, and eight seriously injured. Most of the remaining volunteers reached the Washington dépôt and crowded into the cars, which were dispatched, so soon as possible, for Washington. Fifteen of the soldiers who went on with their comrades were so injured by the missiles that, on reaching the capital, they were sent to the hospital. The train was repeatedly fired at from the hills and woods along the route, but at too great distance to do harm. At the Jackson bridge, it was stopped by the removal of several rails, which were promptly relaid, under the protection of the troops. The Pennsylvanians were left be hind; and, being entirely unarmed, | Maryland, and had received assur Gen. Small decided that they should not proceed. He attempted to have the cars in which they remained drawn back out of the city, but without immediate success. Soon, a portion of the mob, desisting from the pursuit of the Massachusetts men, turned upon these, and commenced a violent stoning of the cars, whereby the windows were broken and several men severely injured. The Pennsylvanians sprang from the cars, and engaged in a hand-to-hand fight with their assailants, being aided to some extent by Baltimore Unionists. An irregular fight was here kept up for nearly two hours, during which ten or twelve soldiers were badly hurt, and one or two killed. Finally, Police Marshal Kane appeared on the ground, and, being very influential with the Secessionists, soon stopped the fight; when the Pennsylvanians, returning to the cars, were started on the back track to Philadelphia, where they arrived late that night. At 4 P. M. of that day-the soldiers from the Free States having all departed a great meeting of the triumphant rioters, under a Maryland flag, was held in Monument Square. After a rebel speech by Dr. A. C. Robinson, Mayor Brown harangued the multitude in favor of peace and order, which was received with evident disrelish; but, when he added that he disapproved of the President's call, and would not have responded to it, had he been Governor, the rioters recognized their friend. He told them that he had conferred with Gov. Hicks, who had united with him in telegraphing to Washington and to Philadelphia that no more Northern troops must be sent through ances from the President of the Philadelphia and Baltimore railroad that he would send none without further consultation and concert with the authorities of Baltimore and Maryland. Gov. Hicks further concurred with him in the opinion that it is folly and madness for one portion of this great nation to attempt the subjugation of another portion. It can never be done. [Cheers.] A deputation was sent for the Governor, who duly appeared, and, standing under the Maryland flag, addressed the assemblage. He said: "I coïncide in the sentiment of your worthy Mayor. After three conferences, we have agreed; and I bow in submission to the people. I am a Marylander; I love my State, and I love the Union; but I will suffer my right arm to be torn from my body before I will raise it to strike a sister State." Hereupon, the meeting adjourned. That night, Baltimore, and, in fact, nearly all Maryland, were completely in the hands of the Secessionists. The Unionists were terrified, paralyzed, silenced, and they generally shrank from observation. The rebel mob-partially armed from the gunstores-paraded the streets of Baltimore unopposed, broke in the doors and windows of the President-street railroad dépôt, and demanded the muskets which they insisted were in the building, and were allowed to appoint a Committee to search it, and report. The Committee examined it, was satisfied, and reported that there were no arms; so they left. Ex-Gov. Louis E. Lowe harangued the mob, under the Maryland flag, from the portico of Barnum's Hotel; pledging them ample assistance from his [Frederick] county. With the full assent, if not by express direction, of Mayor Brown BALTIMORE UNDER THE REBELS. 465 The Committee telegraphed back the following message: "WASHINGTON, April 20, 1861. "TO MAYOR BROWN, Baltimore: We have seen the President and Gen. Scott. We bear from the former a letter to the Mayor and Governor, declaring that no troops shall be brought through Baltimore, if, in a military point of view, without opposition, they can be marched around BalH. L. BOND, timore. and Police Marshal Kane, the tele- | should attempt it, the responsibility for the graph wires connecting Baltimore bloodshed will not rest upon me. with the Free States were cut, and the railroad bridges northward and north-eastward from Baltimore, on the railroads to Philadelphia and Harrisburg, burned; thus shutting off Washington and the Government from all communication with the Northern, as Gov. Letcher and his backers had just excluded them from all intercourse with the Southern, States. The telegraphic communication westward was preserved, to enable the master-spirits to dispatch to their confederates in Western Maryland such messages as this to one at Frederick, who soon after joined the Confederate army: "The authorities of the city did their best to-day to protect both strangers and citizens, and to prevent a collision, but in vain; and, but for their great efforts, a fearful slaughter would have occurred. "Under these circumstances, it is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore, unless they fight their way at every step. I, therefore, hope and trust, and most earnestly request, that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. If they J. C. BRUNE, GEO. W. DOBBIN.” The President of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad had already responded to a similar message as follows: “GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of this date, in which you advise that the troops now here be sent back to the 'borders of Maryland.' Most cordially approving this advice, I have just telegraphed the same to the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore railroad company, and this company will act in accordance therewith. 'J. W. GARRETT, President." Gov. Andrew, of Massachusetts, having telegraphed to Mayor Brown as follows: "I pray you to cause the bodies of our Massachusetts soldiers, dead in Baltimore,. to be laid out, preserved in ice, and tenderly sent forward by express to me. All expenses will be paid by the Commonwealth:" Mayor Brown responded as follows: แ SIR: No one deplores the sad events of yesterday in this city more deeply than myself, but they were inevitable. Our people viewed the passage of armed troops of another State, through the streets, as an invasion of our soil, and could not be restrained.. The authorities exerted themselves to the best of their ability, but with only partial success. Gov. Hicks was present, and concurs in all my views as to the proceedings. now necessary for our protection. When are these scenes to cease? Are we to have a war of sections? God forbid! The bodies of the Massachusetts soldiers could not be sent on to Boston, as you requested, all communication between this city and Philadelphia by railroad, and with Boston by steamers, having ceased; but they have been placed in cemented coffins, and will be placed with proper funeral ceremonies in the mausoleum of Green Mount Cemetery, where |