300 well-finished heads. The various parts of this picture are now dispersed, 6 panels being in the Berlin Museum (for which

$75,000 were paid); 2, "Adam

and Eve," in the Brussels Museum; whilst the "Hell" is lost. The other portions remain in Ghent. Napoleon carried the picture to Paris, but it was restored in 1814. Of all the works attributed to Hubert van Eyck, this alone is known to be genuine. A century after its completion, a copy was made for Philip II. of Spain. A second copy of the inner picture is now in the Antwerp Museum.

"That this wonderful performance, when finished and exhibited, should have been looked at with exceptional interest, is not surprising. It was the finest picture of the age in Belgium; remarkable for its perfection of technical handling,

and eminently calculated to captivate a public full of the fervor of religion. When

Eschines-Naples.

open, it represented the "Sacrifice of Christ," and the "Triumph of the Church Militant;" when closed, it displayed, in prominent positions, the portraits of the donors."-Crowe and Caval.

Æneas (e-nee'-as), myth; son of Venus; the leader of the Trojans in the Trojan war. The hero of Virgil in his Æneid, who, fleeing from burning Troy, went to Italy and founded Rome.

Æschines (ess'-ke-neez), an Athenian orator, B. C. 389. He delivered a celebrated oration against Demosthenes, to which the latter replied in his more celebrated oration "On the Crown."

STATUES: Cap., IV. 61; Hermit., 60 Naples, 572 (315); ( ). **Marble statue, found at Herculaneum. It represents an Athenian orator, clad in a mantle with the r. arm across the breast, as if in the act of pronounc ing an oration.

"The noble statue of Eschines is the finest work of the whole collection, the grandest embodiment of high intellectual power and calm dignity of character that ever was expressed in marble. The attitude,

the simple and expressive disposition of the drapery, and the elevated air of the head, make this statue one of the most precious legacies which antiquity has bequeathed to us."- Hillard.

Esculapius-Berlin.

Esculapius (ess'-cu-lá-pe-us), myth; the god of medicine whom Jupiter killed, fearing lest by his arts men might escape death. Represented with the serpent coiled around his staff; usually draped to the chest or shoulder.

STATUES: Berlin, 17, 41, 64, 76, 87, 276; Cap., III., 5; Conserv., 86; Naples 123 (94); Torl., 92; Vat. (Br.), 17, (Chi.) 113, 444, 454.

myth; married Clytemnestra; a leader of
the Greeks in the siege of Troy. Having
killed a stag sacred to Diana, the goddess
sent a pestilence into the army.
To ap-
pease her anger, Agamemnon consented to
sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia, who, how-
ever, at the moment of sacrifice, was res-
cued by Diana herself.

Agasias (a-ga'-se-as); HEGASIAS, Greek sculp.: 1. AGASIAS, son of Dositheos, about 400 B. C., sculp. of the Borghese Gladiator in the Louvre. II. AGASIAS, son of Menophilus of Delos, about 100 B. C. III. AGASIAS, father of Heraclides.

Ageladas (aj-é-la-das), Greek sculp., 540 B. C.; the instructor of Phidias, Myron, and Polycletus.

Agesander (aj'-e-san'-der), of Rhodes, who, with his sons Polydorus and Athenodorus, sculptured the Laocoön.

Agnes, St., 304 A.D.; a Roman maiden, who, declining the suit of the son of the prefect, was ordered to become a Vestal Virgin. Declaring she would serve none but the Lord, she was sent to a house of infamy, where the soldiers stripped her of her garments. Praying for protection, her hair immediately grew and covered her whole person. The prefect's son now coming in, in answer to her prayers, he was struck with instantaneous blindness. Upon this she was condemned to be burned, but the flames did her no harm, whilst they consumed her executioners. At last an end was made to her life by the sword. She was buried where the Ch. of St. Agnes now stands, beyond the Porta Pia, Rome. Usually represented with a lamb.

AGNE

Agnes, St., Catacombs of; Rome; 1 ml. beyond the Porta Pia, and ml. beyond the ch. of St. Agnes. Stairway supposed to be of the time of Constantine. The galleries are hol

lowed into loculi of various sizes. Farther on will be observed a sedia, or seat of the priest, cut in the rock; an altar, a credence table, and many paintings. Few of the sarcophagi now contain remains. Agnes, St., Fuori le Mura, ch., Rome; 1 ml. beyond the Porta Pia. One of the least changed of the ancient churches of Rome. Founded, 324, on the spot where the remains of St. Agnes were discovered. Recently restored, and now one of the most beautiful churches of the city. The festival of St. Agnes takes place on Jan. 21st, in which occurs the ceremony of blessing two lambs, placed upon the altar and decorated with flowers.

Agonalis (ag-o-nay'-lis), Circus, Rome; the modern Piazza Navona, which still shows the elliptical outline; built by Alex. Severus. See Navona.

Agostino, S. (ag-os-tee'-no); ch., Rome, 1483, restored 1740, contains a * fresco, Isaiah and 2 angels, by Raphael, on the 3d pilaster on the 1. of the nave. R. transept is St. Augustin by Guercino; near the entrance is a * group of the Virgin and Child, by Sansovino. The Madonna over the high altar is a Greek work from Constantinople. This was the first Roman ch. with a dome. Agrippa, M. V., B.C. 63-12, Roman Consul. Commanded the fleet at Actium; built the Pantheon, B.C. 27; married Julia, dau. of Augustus, by whom he had 2 daughters, Julia and Agrip. pina, and 3 sons. BATHS OF, see Pantheon.

Agrippina (ag-re-pí-nah); (I.), dau. of Agrippa and Julia, gd. dau. of Augustus, wife of Germanicus, mother of Caligula and Agrippina II.; starved by Tiberius. AGRIPPINA (II.), mother of Nero; married Emp. Claudius, whom she poisoned to make way for her son, A. D. 54. Assassinated by Nero in 59.

Aix-les-Bains (akes'-lay-baîì; warm springs), Fr.; the Roman Aquæ Allobrogum, or Aquæ Gratinæ; pop. 4,000. Triumphal arch erected by L. Pom. Campanus in 3d or 4th cent. Temple of Diana in the Presbytery garden. See Route 40, Note 3. Aix-la-Chapelle (akes'-la-sha-pel'). See Aachen. Ajax, Greek.

In the Trojan war, second only to Achilles ; conquered by Ulysses.

STATUES: Naples, 246.

Alban Hills, Ital., about 18 mls. s. e. of Rome, site of Alba Longa; on the summit was the temple of Jupiter Latiaris.

Albani, Francisco (al-bah'-nee), or ALBANO ; 1578-1660, Bologna. Friend of Guido. Studied in the Sch. of the Carracci; assisted An. Carracci to decorate the Farnese Palace. He afterward decorated the Verospi Palace, now Torlonia, and painted in Turin and Bologna. Subjects are landscapes and figures, both religious and mythological. The latter was especially adapted to his talent, which had more of beauty and grace than power. He delighted in painting children, disposing them in groups about the principal figures. His religious pictures are numerous. His especial favorite was an Arcadian landscape with gods, goddesses, and amori in repose; his skies are usually a deep blue.

His works are to be found in all the principal galleries.

PRINCIPAL WORKS: Bolog., Nos. 1, 82; Borgh., 11-14, The Seasons: Brera, 323, 459; Cap., 9, 142; Dresd., 494-5-6-7, 500-2; Hermit., 203-4; Louvre, 1, 2, 11, 12; Munich, 1235; Turin, 260-4, 271-4; Uff., 1044, 1094.

Albani Villa (al-bah'-nee), Rome. Tu. by permit from Palace Torlonia, Piazza Venezia, No. 135. The Albani family having displeased Napoleon I., he caused 294 of the finest statues of their collection to be carried to Paris, which, though restored to the family by the treaty of 1815, were never brought back. This collection, now scattered, was the basis of Winckelmann's studies. The present collection embraces a limited number of fine works.

Albano (al-bah'no), Ital.; on the Alban Hills, 18 mls. from Rome, on the Via Appia; modern town built on the ruins of the villa of Pompey.

Albert Hall of the Arts and Sciences, Lond., opposite the Albert Memorial, Hyde Park. Seats for 15,000; used for grand concerts and exhibitions.

**Albert Memorial, in Hyde Park, Lond.; erected to the memory of Prince Albert; one of the most imposing monuments in the world. It is in the form of a Gothic canopy surmounted by a spire rising to the height of 175 ft. Under this canopy is a gilt bronze sitting stat. of the Prince Consort, 15 ft. high. The monument is supported by a base 130 ft. sq., approached on the four sides by steps.

Upon the corners of the base are four fine marble groups: **Europe, by McDowell; Asia, by Foley; Africa, by Theed; and ** America, by Bell. Above these are smaller groups: Agriculture, by Marshall; Manufactures, by Weeks; Commerce, by Thornycroft; Engineering, by Lawlor. Around the basement, above the steps, are over 200 life-size figures of renowned artists, philosophers, scholars, and authors.

Albertville, Fr., 14 mls. by rly. fom Chamouset, on the Paris-Turin Rly. Pop. 4,500. Carriage-road to Sallanches.

Alemanni (al-e-man'-ni), a confederation of German tribes from the Danube to the Main, who first met the Romans in the time of Caracalla.

Aletsch Glacier (ah-letsh' glas'-e-a), Switz., amid the peaks of the Bernese Oberland; extending 15 mls., and being the largest ice-field of the Alps. Fine view of the glacier from the Furca and the Simplon Passes. Approached from Brieg, Interlaken, and Meiringen.

Alexandra Palace, Lond.; a popular resort for amusement. Muswell Hill, 6 mls. from Lond. by rly. from Moorgate Street Station.

Alfani (al-fah'-nee), Dominico di Paris, 1483-1554 ? b. Perugia, Ital. Pupil of Perugino. Little originality.

Alhambra. See p. 571.

Allori (al-lo'-ree), I. ALESSANDRO, 1535-1607, b. Florence. A painter of portraits and horses. II. ANGIOLO, called Bronzino. III. CRISTOFORO, 1577-1621, son of I.: painter of portraits and landscapes. He executed a number of pictures for the Medici. His most celebrated work is the Judith, in the Pitti, No. 69. Replicas exist in the Belvedere and Uffizi. His portraits are remarkable for beauty of color, and he was equally happy in his landscapes. Some of his copies of Correggio's Magdalen for a long time passed for duplicates by the master himself. Uffizi has 16 Al. Alloris, and 9 Cr. Alloris.

The

Alps, The. The principal divisions of this extensive range of mountains are the Maritime Alps, extending from the Mediterranean Sea, near Nice, to Monte Viso against the sources of the Po; the Cottian Alps, from Monte Viso to Mt. Cenis; the Graian Alps, from Mt. Cenis to Mt. Blanc; the Pennine Alps, from Mt. Blanc to Monte Rosa; the Lepontine Alps, from Monte Rosa to Mt. Bernardin; the Rhètian Alps, from Mt. Bernardin to Mt. Croce; and the Carnic Alps, from Mt. Croce to the river Mur, constituting the Central Chain. Also a northern branch, comprising the Bernese Alps, extending from Mt. Blanc to Lake Lucerne ; the Alps of St. Gall, from Lake Lucerne to Lake Constance; and the Noric Alps, from Lake Constance eastward to Vienna.

The Alps are divided into the Low Alps, i.e., below 5,500 ft. in height; the Middle, 5,500 to 8,000 ft., and the High, above 8,000 ft., or above the snowline.