Geneva was fortified by Julius Cæsar; 1034, Conrad II. was here proclaimed king. The contest between the Bishops and Prefects of Geneva as to temporal sovereignty was the primal cause of the Reformation.

Principal Objects of Interest; The Cathedral, Musée Rath, Jardin Anglais, Relief of Mont Blanc, Botanical Garden, Monuments, House of Calvin, House of Rousseau, and Reviliod's Gallery.

THE CATHEDRAL, erected by Conrad II., 1021, has been much changed by additions during the 8 centuries of its existence. Concierge in the rear (fee fr.). Mons. to Duke de Rohan. Chair used by Calvin. Carved stalls and windows of the 15th cent.

THE MUSÉE RATH, Rue de la Corraterie, upper end; open Sun. and Th., 11-3; other days, 1-4.

Vestibule casts of modern sculptures: Ghiberti's doors of the Baptistery at Florence, Graces by Canova. Hall: the Laocoön, Venus de Medici, Gladiator, Apollo Belvedere, Diana of Versailles, Thorn-extractor. Pictures: *19, Forest of Handeck, Calame; *29, Sallenche, Diday; *28, Forest in a Storm, Diday; *55 Cattle, Humbert; 101, Landscape, Salvator Rosa.

*JARDIN ANGLAIS, on the s. bank at some little distance above the upper bridge, is a very pretty public park, with a fountain in the centre. At the entrance beside the quay is a column with various meteorological instruments. In the park is also a

*RELIEF OF MONT BLANC, 11-3, fr., Sun. and Th. free, showing the configuration of the Alps and the relative height of Mont Blanc and the surrounding peaks. It is said to contain 5,000 houses and a half million trees. Very desirable as a preparation for the visit to Chamonix.

The BOTANICAL GARDEN, near the Musée Rath, is reached by a short walk along the Bastion Bourgeois; Busts of Chambrey, Trembley, de Saussure, and Rousseau; also bronze David by Chaponnière.

View of Mont Blanc from along the Quay Mont Blanc, best in the afternoon near sunset and clear evenings. On the 1. are the Aiguilles du Midi, Grandes Jorasses, and the Dent du Géant; in front, the Aiguilles Rouges, the Môle, and the Aiguille d'Argen. tière.

MONUMENTS: Mon. de l'Escalade, Rue des Allemands, in commemoration of the defeat of the Savoyards, 1602, in an attack upon the city.

The National Mon., on the Quay below the Jardin Anglais, bronze group by Dorer, of Helvetia and Geneva, in commemoration of the union of Geneva with the Confederate Cantons, 1814. Mon. to the Duke of Brunswick, who bequeathed to the city 20,000,000 frs.; situated on the n. bank.

Bronze statue of Rousseau, on Rousseau's isl., reached by the 2d. bridge.

Reviliod's Art Gallery, open daily, ex. Sun.; small fee to the custode; contains a coll. of antiquities and paintings. Among the objects of greatest interest is *Raphael's Madonna of the Goldfinch. See Madonnas, No. 15.

House of Calvin, No. 11, Rue des Chanoines, near the Cathedral. His tomb in the cemetery Plain-Palais, place unknown. House of Rousseau, No. 40, Grande Rue, n. side of the river. Distinguished Citizens of Geneva: Necker, Madame de Staël, de Saussure, de Candolle, de Luc, Bonnet, Boissier, Say, Sismondi, d'Aubigné, Rousseau; Calvin, a native of Picardy, resided here several years; Servetus, a Spanish physician, burned at the stake on Champel Hill, by Calvin's order, for having written a treatise on the Trinity.

Routes: To Lausanne, 11⁄21⁄2 hr.; $1.25; 90 cts.; see Route 34. To PARIS, via Pontarlier, 16 hrs.; $14; $10.80; see Route 38; via Macon, 14 hrs.; $15; $11.60; see Route 39. To TURIN, 11 hrs.; $8; $5.80; see Route 40. To BERNE, 6 hrs.; $4.50; $3.10; see Route 34 to Lausanne, thence Route 33 Lausanne to Berne. To CHAMONIX, by diligence, 8 hrs.; $5. CHAMONIX to Geneva, 7 hrs. To BOUVERET (Lake Geneva) by steamer, 4 hrs.; $1.60. Tour of the Lake, 7 a.m. to 6 p.m.

ENVIRONS: North bank of the Lake, Varembé, residence of Empress Josephine, later of Lola Montez; Prégny (prain-yay), château of the Rothschilds, Tu. and F., 2-6, admission by card obtained at Geneva hotels; Fernex (fer-nay), 4 mls., home of Voltaire; Coppet (-pay), stmr. 1 hr., home of Necker and Mme. de Staël; both buried in the Chapel. Her writing desk and other articles shown; mansion until recently owned by her grandson, the Duc de Broglie. S. bank, Diodati, Lord Byron's Villa.

Geneva, Lake of, Fr. LAC LÉMAN, about 50 mls. in length, having a breadth of 9 mls. in the widest part, an alt. of 1,230 ft., and a depth of about 1,800 ft. It is noted for its deep blue color -the other Swiss lakes being greenish. The water is subject to sudden fluctuations to the height of 2 or 3 ft., for which, as well as for its peculiar color, no satisfactory explanation has ever been offered. Its height is from 3 to 6 ft. greater in summer than in winter. In scenery it is inferior to lakes Lucerne and Zürich. Steamboats leave Geneva several times daily in summer for the upper end, via both the n. and s. banks; 4 or 5 hrs.; $1.50. By

taking an early morning boat the excursion of the lake may be made, returning the same day.

Gen'-o-a; Ital. Genova; Fr. Gênes; was an important city under the Romans; a republic in the Middle Ages; was conquered by the French, 1684, and again 1800. Present pop. about 170,000. It is enclosed by a double line of fortifications, the inner 7 mls., and the outer 20 mls. in length, erected 1632.

The beauty of its location and of its harbor constitutes the greatest attraction of the city. The finest view of the city is obtained when approaching from the sea; within the walls it is gained from the dome of S. Maria di Carignano, at the s.e. end of the city; the harbor is best seen from the Gran Terrazzo Marinoreo. In buildings, Genoa is more noted for its palaces than its churches.

THE CHURCHES of greatest interest are,

San Lorenzo, the Cathedral, 1100, of alternate black and white marble, in the Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance styles. In the sacristy are relics brought from Palestine by the Crusaders.

San Ambrogio, church of the Jesuits, particularly rich in gilding and mosaics.

San Stefano, containing one of Giulio Romano's best works, *The Stoning of Stephen, over the high altar.

San Annunziata, church of the Capuchins, one of the most gorgeous in the city.

THE PALACES, of which there are many, are usually open to the public.

Palazzo del Municipio, near the centre of the city, with a handsome court and a fine staircase, has two letters of Columbus, and the violin of Paganini.

Palazzo Bianco, formerly the Brignole-Sale, possesses the finest collection of paintings in the city. The most notable picture in the gallery is a Madonna by Raphael. See Madonnas, No. 16.

Palazzo dei Principi Doria, at the w. end of the city, erected for Andrea Doria," the Father of his Country."

Palazzo Rosso, with fine picture gallery.

The Statue of Columbus, 1862, stands in the Piazza Acquaverde. The monument is composed of white marble, and represents America kneeling at the feet of Columbus, with sitting allegorical figures of Wisdom, Religion, Geography, and Strength.

The Public Garden of Acqua Sola, the principal public resort, is on the high ground to the n.e.

**VILLA PALLAVICINI is one of the most important suburban attractions of Genoa. In all that constitutes a gorgeous palatial residence it has few equals in Europe; 5 mls. from the city, Pegli station, on the railway to Nice. Villa opposite the station. Routes: To TURIN, 4 hrs., $3.40; $2.20; see Route 52 to Alessandria, and thence Route 42, Ales. to Turin. To MILAN, 5 hrs., $3.50; $2.50; see Route 52. TO PISA, 4 hrs., $3.75; $2.60; see Route 53. To NICE, 6 hrs., $4.30; $3.

Genre Painting (zhawn'-r; class, kind, or species). Pictures of life and manners, in distinction from historic and religious; thus, domestic scenes, every-day life, interiors, comic scenes.

Gerda, LEGEND OF RHEINSTEIN (rine-stine).

The hand of Gerda, the beautiful daughter of Siegfried, the robber knight of Rheinstein, was sought by so many knights that Siegfried held a tournament at which Gerda was to be the prize of the bravest. Kuno, whom Gerda loved, after having vanquished all his antagonists, was at last overcome by the wicked Kurt, a favorite of Siegfried. Gerda's prayers and tears were of no avail, and she was commanded to make herself ready for her wedding. When the occasion arrived, Gerda asked to be permitted to ride to the church. She had scarcely mounted, when the steed, which Kuno had presented her on her eighteenth birthday, at once broke away, dashed into the Rhine, and bore Gerda safely to Kuno in his castle at Reichenstein. Kurt, whilst pursuing, was thrown from his horse and killed, and Siegfried, by the stumbling of his steed, was mortally wounded, surviving only long enough to be borne to Reichenstein and to pronounce his blessing on Gerda and Kuno.

Germain l'Auxerrois, St., Ch. of (saf-zher-man-loakser-rwah), Paris; facing the e. front of the Louvre; founded by Childebert; destroyed by the Normans, 886; rebuilt by Robert, 998. The bell of this church gave the signal of the St. Bartholomew massacre, tolling throughout the memorable night. In 1831, on an attempt to celebrate the death of the Duc de Berri, a mob destroyed the interior; reopened, 1837. The water basin, with a finely sculptured group of three children, was designed by Madame Lamartine. The chimes of 40 bells play at 2 and 8 p.m. The signal bell is now in the tower of the Pal. de Justice.

Germain-en-Laye, St. (zher-man-awfi-lay), rly. from Gare St. Lazare every hr.; 13 mls. Sun., Tu., Th., 11-4. The castle, the home and favorite residence of Francis I., Henry II., and Henry IV., is a mediæval structure of great interest. Birthplace of Henry II., Charles IX., and Louis XIV. Upon the erection of Versailles, by Louis XIV., this place was abandoned as a royal residence. Converted by Napoleon III. into a *pre-historic and Gallo-Roman Museum.

Germain des Prés, St. (zher-mañ-day-pray), ch., Paris.