its Chapel of St. Januarius, and perhaps a few others, will repay one who has already seen Rome. The Pompeian Antiquities of the Museum, the Marine collection of the Aquarium, and the views from St. Elmo and Camaldoli are unsurpassed by anything similar elsewhere in the world.

Among the noted names associated with Naples, are those of Virgil, Ribera (Spagnoletto), Salvator Rosa, Giordano, Vanvitelli, Pergolese, Rossini, and Bellini.

At the extreme s. e. point of the city, on the bay, is the Piazza del Mercato; thence passing to the westward along Strada Nuova, on the margin of the bay, nearly a mile, we come to the Castel Nuovo, 1. passing through the Piazza del Municipio, 1., is Palazzo Reale and the theatre San Carlo; on the r., Piazza del Plebiscito; thence through S. Lucia, where one finds a never-ending panorama of the strangest mixture of civilization and low life, good nature and careless enjoyment. Beyond S. Lucia we pass between the precipitous cliffs of Pizzofalcone, r., and Castel dell' Ovo, 1.; thence for a mile along the Chiaia, with the spacious grounds of the Villa Nazionale, to the extreme s. w. point of the city.

THE CATHEDRAL, Strada del Duomo; commenced 1272, by Charles I. of Anjou; completed 1316; overthrown by an earthquake, 1446; rebuilt by Alphonso I.

Over the principal entrance are the tombs of Charles I. of Anjou and Charles Martel. Beneath the high altar is the shrine of St. Januarius; in the Chapel de Seripandi, an Assumption by Perugino.

*

*The Chapel of St. Januarius, on the r., was erected at a cost of over a million ducats, in obedience to a vow made during the plague of 1527. Its decorations are exceedingly rich, having 8 altars and 42 columns of brocatello, and five paintings by Domenichino.

In the tabernacle of the high altar are the remains of St. Januarius. This saint being thrown to lions by order of Diocletian, and the lions refusing to do him harm, was beheaded and interred at Pozzuoli. In 1497, in the time of the Plague, the remains were brought to Naples and placed in the Cathedral. The liquefaction of the preserved blood of some of the saints occurs in May, September, and December, annually, when thousands crowd to see the miracle.

THE VILLA NAZIONALE (nah'-tzee-o-nah'-le), situated along the Bay at the s. w., is the principal promenade and drive of the city; recently laid out with walks, gardens, fountains, and cafés, somewhat in the style of the Champs Élysées. It is deserted

during the day, but from 4 or 5 o'clock P.M. till midnight in summer, it is thronged with Neapolitan life.

*THE AQUARIUM, situated in the gardens of the Villa Nazionale, is, from the abundance of marine life in the Mediterranean, altogether unequalled by any collection thus far made. Nothing can exceed in strange beauty and in scientific interest such an exhibition of deep-sea life. (2 fr. winter, 1 fr. summer.)

ENVIRONS: Naples abounds in delightful and historic locali

ties.

Ca-mal'-doli for its unequalled view; Pozzuoli, with the temples of Serapis and Neptune; Solfa-ta'-ra, Lake Avernus, Baiæ, Vesuvius, Herculaneum, Pompeii, Sorrento, and the island of Capri, with its blue grotto.

Excursions may be made to these localities and return the same day, with the exception of Sorrento and Capri, for which additional time should be allowed. See St. Elmo, National Museum, Palazzo Reale, and Pozzuoli,

Routes: To ROME, 6% hrs., $6.80; $4.80; see Route 55. To VESUVIUS, excursion by carriage and rly., 10 hrs., $6. TO POMPEII, by rly., $0.75, or by carriage, $1.50, 6 hrs.

Napoleon Bonaparte, b. 1769, at Ajaccio, Corsica; entered the army in 1785; 1793 had command of the artillery at the siege of Toulon; 1795 was in charge of the troops at Paris; 1796 married Josephine, widow of Count Beauharnais; 1796 gained the battle of Lodi, subjugated Italy, and made peace when within 30 miles of Vienna; 1798 sailed for Egypt, took Malta, fought the battle of the Pyramids, laid siege to Acre; 1799, overthrew the Directory, and was elected First Consul; 1800, led his army over the Alps and gained the battle of Marengo.

In 1804 he was elected Emperor, and with Josephine was crowned by Pope Pius VII.; he collected an army of 200,000 at Boulogne for the invasion of England, but his fleet was annihilated by Nelson at Trafalgar; 1805, went to Austria and gained Austerlitz; 1806, placed his brother Joseph on the throne of Spain, Louis on that of Holland, Jerome on that of Westphalia. In 1807 he gained the battle of Jena, and in 1809, Wagram.

Having divorced Josephine, he married Marie Louise of Austria in 1810, and the next year his son, the King of Rome, was born. In 1812 he invaded Russia, making his disastrous retreat from Moscow; 1813, was defeated at the great battle of Leipsic, which was followed by the submission of Paris, Napoleon's abdi

cation and banishment to Elba, and the restoration of Louis XVIII. to the throne of France.

In Feb., 1815, Napoleon left Elba, landed at Frejus March 1st, marched to Paris, and in 20 days was again seated on the throne of France. June 18, 1815, fought at Waterloo; July 15th, surrendered to Capt. Maitland of the Bellerophon; arrived at St. Helena Oct. 1815; died May 5, 1821.

**Napoleon, Tomb of; M., Tu., and Th., 12-4; 3 in winter; in the Dôme des Invalides, Place Vauban, a large cathedrallooking structure, 1680, surmounted by a gilded dome 86 ft. in diameter; was prepared as a tomb for Napoleon by Louis Philippe. The remains were brought from St. Helena in 1840. They were landed at Havre, and thence transported up the Seine to Neuilly, through the Bois de Boulogne, beneath the Arc de Triomphe, and deposited in their present resting place Dec. 15, 1840.

The tomb is an open circular crypt, 36 ft. in diameter, directly beneath the dome. The sarcophagus, 14 ft. in height and 13 ft. in length, weighing 67 tons, is of red Finland granite, brought from Lake Onega at a cost of $28,000. Around the sarcophagus are 12 statues of victory by Pradier, 60 battle flags, and 10 reliefs in marble. In the pavement is a mosaic laurel wreath. Behind the high altar a stairway leads to the floor below, and thence through a passage to the crypt. Above the door of the crypt is the following inscription, taken from the will of Napoleon: "I desire that my ashes may repose upon the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the French people, whom I have ever loved." On the sides are sarcophagi containing the remains of Duroc and Bertrand.

Returning to the main entrance of the church:

On the right first chapel, is the tomb of Joseph, eldest brother of Napoleon, King of Spain, of black marble, standing in the centre of the chapel. The remains were deposited here in 1864.

Right Transept: monument to Vauban, with statues to Genius and Prudence.

On the left: first chapel, tomb of Jerome, youngest brother of Napoleon, King of Westphalia, a black marble sarcophagus, resting on bronze feet and surmounted by a statue of the king. Adjacent are the sarcophagi of his son and one containing the heart of his wife.

Left Transept: mon. to Turenne, brought from St. Denis, and

representing the hero as dying in the arms of Immortality, the German eagle at his feet,

National Gallery, London. See Nat. Gallery. P. 457. National Museum, Florence. See Nat. Museum. P. 439. National Museum, Naples. See Nat. Museum. P. 461. Na-vo-na, Piazza, Rome; the ancient Circus Ag-o-na'-lis, now officially designated Circo Agonale; one of the largest Piazzas in the city, being surpassed by that of St. Peter's only. It has an oval outline, after the style of the ancient circuses, and is embellished with three fountains. That in the centre was executed by Bernini, representing the four quarters of the globe, with the rivers Danube, Nile, Ganges, and Rio de la Plata, all surmounted by an obelisk from the circus of Maxentius. The obelisk is of red granite, with hieroglyphics; now in 5 pieces. Supposed to be of Roman origin in the time of Domitian. Shaft 51 ft. high, standing on artificial rock-work 40 ft in height.

"We stopped to look at one of Bernini's absurd fountains, of which the water makes the smallest part, a little squirt or two and a prodigious fuss of gods and monsters."-Hawthorne.

Neefs, Pieter, Elder, 1570-1651, b. Antwerp; excelled in effects of light and shade; and especially in torchlight subjects, church interiors, and trim, well-ordered households.

Neptune, Greek PO-SEI'-DON, myth, brother of Jupiter, god of the sea; rode in a chariot drawn by sea-horses; first taught the management of horses by a bridle; the protector of horse-racing; married Amphitrite. Attributes are the dolphin, horse, and trident. He had a temple in the Campus Martius, Rome.

Nero. Rom. Emp., b. at Antium, A.D. 37; son of Agrippina, the dau. of Germanicus; adopted by Claudius; and at 16 married his dau. Octavia; pupil of Seneca, the philosopher. On becoming emperor he put to death Britannicus, the rightful heir to the throne, his mother, and his wife, that he might marry Poppæa Sabina. A great fire having occurred, it was charged directly upon Nero, who, to relieve himself from the odium, accused the Christians and executed many. A conspiracy against him being discovered, many distinguished Romans were put to death, among whom were Lucan, the poet, and Seneca. Learning of another conspiracy, and being abandoned by all his attendants, he fled to a house 4 miles from the city, where, on hearing the tramp of horses, he put an end to his life, A.D. 68.

Tomb of Nero. Four miles from the Porta del Popolo, on the