"A man of culture, visiting for the first time the old homes of art and story, experiences about as much of pleasure as this world has to give."-Scribner's Monthly.

"He who from travel would bring home knowledge, must take knowledge with him."-Dr. Samuel Johnson.

SCENERY, ART, HISTORY, LEGEND,

AND MYTHS.

Aachen (ah'-kn), Ger.: AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, Fr. (aiks'-la'cha -pel'; chapel of the waters); the Civitas Aquensis or Aquisgranum of the Romans; pop. 75,000; a modern town, in which there remain of the ancient structures only the cathedral, the town hall, the corn exchange, and some of the gates.

It is noted especially for its associations with Charlemagne, being the place of his birth, coronation, favorite residence, and burial. For 7 centuries after Charlemagne, 814-1531, the coronations of the German emperors, 37 in number, took place in the Cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle. It has also been the scene of 17 Imperial Diets, 11 Ecclesiastical Councils, and 3 Congresses of Peace.

The Imperial Insignia were kept here until 1793, when they were removed to Vienna, where they have since been preserved in the Imperial Treasury. From the Roman times this place has also been noted for its sulphur springs, which at the present time attract 30,000 visitors annually.

The CATHEDRAL or Münster Kirche was founded by Charlemagne, 796, and consecrated by Pope Leo III., assisted by 365 bishops.

To this was added a choir in 1353. The portion erected by Charlemagne was octagonal in form, with a 16-sided gallery, and crowned by a dome. Fragments of the mosaics with which the dome was decorated have recently been discovered beneath the whitewash, and an effort is now being made to restore the primitive decoration. Many of the columns for this early struc.

ture were brought from Italy. Of these, several of the most valuable were carried away by the French in 1794, but returned in 1815.

The Choir, erected in 1353, is decorated with fine modern stained glass windows, with scenes representing the life of the Virgin. The 14 statues by the pillars are probably of the same date as the choir. The pulpit was presented by Emp. Henry II. In the Sacristy are the Great Relics, which are exhibited only once in 7 years, attracting immense crowds upon the occasion; and the Smaller Relics, to which admission may be gained at any time (1 mark).

The Great Relics, preserved in a silver vase, were presented to Charlemagne by the Grand Patriarch of Jerusalem, and are held in the highest reverence by the devout. They consist of the swaddling-clothes, a scarf worn by Christ at the Crucifixion, a robe worn by the Virgin at the Nativity, and the cloth on which was laid the head of John the Baptist.

The Smaller Relics comprise a leathern girdle of Christ, a piece of the true cross, a girdle of the Virgin, a lock of the Virgin's hair, some bones of St. Stephen, and a piece of Aaron's rod.

Among these treasures are also the skull, a leg (called an arm) bone, and a hunting-horn of Charlemagne.

Beneath the centre of the dome is the tomb of Charlemagne bearing the words Carolo Magno. His remains were deposited here in 814. The tomb was opened in the year 1000 by Otho III., and the body, which was found seated upon a marble throne, was placed in a Parian marble sarcophagus. Directly above is a massive chandelier, presented by Emp. Fred. Barbarossa.

The HÔTEL DE VILLE, of the 14th cent., stands on the site of the palace where Charlemagne was born. It is especially noted for the Congresses which have here been held, and the treaties of peace which have here been signed, particularly those of 1748 and 1818.

The CORN EXCHANGE, probably of the 12th cent., is near the cathedral.

The SPRINGS, of which there are 8 located in the town and suburbs, are saline-sulphur, and of a temperature from 99° to 162°. ENVIRONS: Burtscheid, 1 ml., celebrated for its baths; Lousberg, 2 mls., with delightful walks and a commanding view of the town; Frankenburg, 1 ml., a hunting-seat of Charlemagne, with a tower of his time still standing; the place where, after

the death of Fastrada, his queen, Charlemagne sat for days gaz ing in sorrow upon the lake. The pond is the lake in which, according to the legend, the magic ring of Fastrada was lost.

Routes To COLOGNE, 1.30 hr., $1.90; $1.40; see Route 19. To BRUSSELS, 4 hrs., $2.40; $1.80; see Route 19. To ANTWERP, 4 hrs., $2.60; $2.00; see Route 17. Principal station on the s. e. margin of the city; Antwerp station on the n. w. Aare Claciers (glas'-e-a), Switz.; the UNTER-AARE and the OBER-AARE glaciers; to the w. of the Hospice on the Grimsel Pass; on the first of which Professor Agassiz made his residence, in 1841, for scientific observation.

Abbotsford, Scot., the residence of Sir Walter Scott; 4 mls. from Melrose; on the banks of the Tweed; situation not especially commanding. Carriages may be obtained at Melrose. Visitors admitted daily (ex. Sun. ; also closed in winter) to the Armory, Dining-Room, Breakfast-Room, Drawing-Room, and Library, 1 sh. Contains a collection of relics of exceeding interest; principally presented to the Baronet. Visitors are always accompanied by the custodian, who designates each important article, rendering unnecessary any specification.

Grounds not open to the public. Property now in the possession of Mr. Hope-Scott, who married the granddaughter of Sir Walter. See Route 5, Note 5.

Achilles (a-kil ́-ees), the principal hero of the Iliad and of the siege of Troy; slew Hector and dragged his body to the ships. He was the handsomest and bravest of the Greeks, of whom he was the leader. STATUE: Glyp., No. 60.

Actæon (ak-tee'-on), myth. A celebrated hunter who, having beheld Diana and her nymphs bathing, was changed by the goddess into a stag, and torn in pieces by his own hounds.

STATUE: Br. Mus. 165.

Addison, Joseph, Eng, b. at Lichfield; educated at Lichfield and Oxford; wrote the Spectator at Shaftsbury House, W. Brompton; d. 1719, at Holland House, Kensington, London; lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, Chapel of Henry VII., n. aisle. Monument in the Poets' Corner, s. aisle, representing him in his dressing-gown and surrounded by the Muses.

Adonis (a-doe'-nis), myth; beloved by Venus; died from a wound received in the chase. From his blood sprung the anemone. So great was the grief of Venus at his death, that Adonis was permitted to spend 6 months of each year in the upper world.

and the remaining 6 with Proserpine in Hades, thus typifying summer and winter.

STATUES: Berlin, 104, 162; Naples, Capuan; Vatican, 396, *443; Spada, 66. *Adoration of the Lamb, a celebrated painting by the van Eycks-in the Cathedral of St. Bavon, Ghent. It consisted of 2 principal pictures, each covered with double panels; in all, 24

pictures. The upper central portion was of 3 sections, God the King, and on the sides, the Virgin and John Baptist; on the inside of the wings are angels singing, and Adam and Eve. The lower central portion is an extensive scene with the Lamb in the centre, and groups of martyrs and saints in the foreground, and towers in the distance. In the 4 sections of the wings are groups coming to worship. Beneath was a representation of Hell. The panels, when closed, presented 8 sections, in which were single figures of angels and saints. Altogether, there are exceeding