Anchor. Inman National N. G. Lloyd Atlantic Steamship Lines. Sat., N. Y., 7 Bowling Green . Fri., Glasgow, 47 Union st. N. Y., Weekly, 55 Broadway... Antwerp, B. von der Becke. F., Glasgow, 65 Gt. Clyde st. Transatlantic.. W., N. Y., 3 Bowling Green... Sat., Havre, Grand Hotel, Paris. White Star .Th., Sat., N. Y., 53 Broadway.. Th.. Liverpool, 10 Water st. Designation of Steamship Lines. Each Line gives to the smoke-stacks of its vessels a distinctive color and mark as the designation of that Line. American, red, with black and white band, and keystone. Anchor, black throughout. Cunard, red, with black top. French, red, with black top. Guion, black, with red band. Ship Inman, black, with white band. Time Is divided into watches of 4 hours each, commencing at 12, 4, 8. The time of each watch is divided into 8 bells, and is struck every half hour; thus 2, 3, or 7 bells signify the 2d, 3d, or 7th half hour of the watch. The watch from 4 to 8 P. M. is divided into two watches of 2 hours each, called " Dog Watches." A signal bell of one stroke is struck 15 min. before the "change of watch." Going eastward noon will occur from 20 to 40 min. earlier each day, according to the distance made. Going westward, the same amount later. Nautical Lore.-Starboard, the right side of the ship when looking toward the bow (green). Port, the left (red). The masts are the fore-mast, main-inast, and mizzen-mast. The parts of the mast are fore-mast, fore-top-mast, fore-top-gallant-mast, fore-royal-mast, and similarly for the other masts, thus, mainmast, main-top-mast, mizzen-mast, mizzen-top-mast, etc. Booms are heavy spars to which the sails are attached--the jib. boom extending from the bowsprit; the flying-jibboom extending beyond the jibboom; the main and mizzen booms are attached to the main and mizzen-masts; the spanker boom extends aft from the mizzen-must. Yards are heavy horizontal spars, crosswise the ship, to which the sails are attached along up the masts. The principal sails are the jib and flying-jib, long triangular sails. extending from the fore-mast to the jibbooms; and along the masts upward from the deck the try-sail, the fore-course or foresail, fore-top-sail, fore-top-gallant-sail, fore-royal-sail, fore-skysail; and similarly for each of the other masts, thus, main-try-sail, main-sail, main-top-sail, mizzen-top-sail, etc., and the spanker, the sternmost sail, extending from the spanker boom to the gaff. The ensign or ship's colors are attached to the gaff. Shrouds are the ropes used to sustain the masts, and extend from the fore-top to the sides of the ship (the rope ladders). The other ropes used as supports of the masts are designated stays, and are named from that part of the mast to which they are attached, as fore-stay, mizzen-stay, fore-royal-stay, mizzen-topgallant-stay, etc. The Atlantic. On leaving the pier at New York the steamer heads southward. To the east is NEW YORK with the conspicuous towers of the Post Office, the W. U. Telegraph buildings, and Trinity Church ; at the extreme point of the city, Castle Garden; further e., the Brooklyn Bridge, the largest suspension bridge yet erected; e., Governor's Island, with Fort Columbus; w., Ellis Island. Thence across N. Y. Bay 10 mls. to the NARROWS, Staten Island lying on the w. with Fort Tompkins, and Long Island on the e. with Fort Hamilton. Entering the Atlantic, SANDY HOOK is seen to the w. Forty mls. from Sandy Hook, on the coast of Long Island, is FIRE ISLAND LIGHT, and 80 mls. SHINNECOCK LIGHT. Passing these, the next landmark is the SOUTH SHOAL LIGHTSHIP, off Nantucket; possibly CAPE SABLE ISLAND, off Nova Scotia, and CAPE RACE LIGHT, on Newfoundland. These latter are more commonly seen on the return voyage. THE BANKS, or Fishing Banks, or Newfoundland Banks, extending about 250 mls. in either direction, and lying at a very uniform depth of 200 to 300 ft., are noted alike for cod fisheries, fogs, and icebergs. ICEBERGS.--The ordinary limit of ice is from March to August, between 45 and 55° lon. and above 42° lat. Icebergs are occasionally found outside this limit, both in date and location. THE ROARING FORTIES.-From 40° to 50° lon., the prevalence of winds and generally disagreeable weather has given this part of the ocean this significant title. Some of the lines take what is known as the southern route," i. e., going below the s. point of the " Banks; others make the course direct from the S. Shoal Light Ship to Cape Race. To Glasgow: The first land made is usually Arranmore, isl.; n., Tory Island Light, on the n. w. of Ireland; thence s., Maline Head, the n. pt. of Ireland; n.. Innistrahull Isl. Lt.; n., in the horizon, Mull of Ooa, pt. of the Isl. of Islay; s., the Giant's Causeway; Rathlin Isl.. at the entrance of the North Channel. Opp. Rathlin, e., is Mull of Kintyre, a point of the Scottish mainland. Rounding the point, we enter the Firth of Clyde and head northward; w., Isl. of Sanda; Isl. of Arran; Isl. of Pladda, 2 lighthouses; opp., e., is Ayr; w., Isl. of Bute; e., Little Cumbrae, Great Cumbrae; w., Toward Pt.; turning eastward, s., Greenock, birthplace of Watt, the inventor of the steam engine, and burial place of Burns' Highland Mary; " n., Dumbarton; s., Renfrew, GLASGOW. To Liverpool: First land, dist., n., Mizen Head; FASTNET LIGHT; Cape Clear on isl, at the s. pt. of Ireland. The island, containing 1,500 acres, possesses a church and the ruins of a castle. The lighthouse cliff is 455 ft. in height. Off the point is Fastnet Light, on a small, solitary rock. Lat., 51° 26'; lon., 9° 29'. Distance to N. Y., 2,694 mls.; to Queenstown, 61; to Liverpool, 308 mls. Thence skirt along the coast to Queenstown; Saltee Isl.; Carnsore Pt; enter St. George's Channel; e., the coast of Wales, with the Snowdon Mts., 3,571 alt. Holyhead Lt., on Holy Isl., the nearest pt. to Dublin, 64 mls.; the Skerries Lt., off the n. w. pt. Anglesey; n., the Isle of Man; LIVERPOOL. To London and the German Ports: The first land is the Scillies; thence coasting along the English side, Lizard Pt.; Start Pt; the Bill of Portland; Rocken End (Isle of Wight); Beachy Head; Dunge Ness; Dover; opp. is seen the French coast. Enter the German Sea; round N. Foreland, pass Margate and Sheerness; enter the Thames; Gravesend; Woolwich; Greenwich; LONDON. Money. Legal Values as established by the U. S. Treas. Dept.: FRANCE, BELGIUM, SWITZERLAND, Franc, and ITALY, Lira, 19.3 cts. 100 centimes. GERMANY, Mark, 23.8 cts. =100 pfennigs. HOLLAND, Gulden (florin), 38.5 cts. =100 centimes. AUSTRIA, Gulden (florin), 45.3 cts. 100 kreutzers. DENMARK, SWEDEN, NORWAY, Kroner (crown), 26.8 cts. =100 ore. RUSSIA, Rouble, 73.4 cts. =100 kopecks. Coins and their Current Values generally in European coun tries. ENGLAND: gold, Sovereign (Pound), $5; Half Sov., $2.50; silver, Crown, $1.25; Half Crown, 62 cts.; Shil., 25 cts.; 6d, 12 cts. FRANCE, BELGIUM, SWITZERLAND, ITALY: gold, Twenty-franc Piece (designated Napoleon, Leopold), $4; Ten-franc, $2; silver, Franc, 20 cts. (Sou 1 ct.). Lira same as a franc. GERMANY: gold, Twenty Marks, $5; Ten Marks, $2.50.; silver, Thaler (3 mk.), 75 cts.; Mark, 24 cts.; 50 pfg., 12 cts.; 25 pfg., 6 cts. AUSTRIA (gold seldom used): paper, Gulden (Florin), about 40 cts.; silver, 20 kr., 8 cts.; 10 kr., 4 cts.; 5 kr., 2 cts. RUSSIA (gold, Half Imperial, 5 roub, $4; seldom used): paper, Rouble, 70 to 75 cts.; silver, Rouble, 80 cts; 20 kop., 16 cts; 10 kop., 8 cts.; 5 kop., 4 cts. SPAIN: gold, Alphonso (5 Sp. dol.), $5; silver, Sp. Dollar (5 pesetas), $1; Peseta, 19 cts.; 50 centavos, 10 cts.; 25 centav, 5 cts. Photographs.-In selecting photographs care should be taken to observe that they are right-handed. Through want of care in their preparation, the negatives sometimes become reversed, thus mutually transferring the right and left sides. Thermometer, Barometer, Weights, Measures. See Weights. Abbreviations. For abbreviations of the Galleries, see p. ix. Crowe and Cavalcaselle are referred to as C. & C. f marked thus indicates the French nasal sound which has no corresponding sound in English, lying between our n and h. Thus, Macon (mah-con) is nearer coh than con. * Signifies of special importance, interest, or merit. ** Of great excellence or importance--the gems of the Gal· leries. |