Aaron.-Moses's brother, ii, 104.
Abd-el-Kadir.-Arab chief

83), ix, 346.

(1807-

Abélard, Peter.-(1 079-1142.)
Knight-errant of philosophy, v,
216; most brilliant lecturer of
Middle Ages, 217; at Paris and
in the Paraclete at Champagne,
216, 217; love for Héloïse, 217;
his "Sic et Non," 218, 220; his
rationalism arrays him against
Saint Bernard, 218; his love-
songs, 219; dialectical and con-
troversial spirit, 220; lectures
at Notre Dame and at Mount
Geneviève, 221, 256; in Melun,
his suc-
256; in Paris, 256;
cessor, 257; opinions, 258; con-
demnation, 259; influence, 260;
vi, 59, 190, 356. Breton scholar
and teacher, founder of scholastic
theology, vil, 32; precocity, 32;
critical spirit, 33; rationalistic
at St. Gen-
philosopher, 34;
eviève, Paris, 36; lectures, 38;
5,000 pupils, 39; love for Hél-
oïse, 40; infatuation, 41, secret
marriage, 46; retirement to a
convent, 48; great fame, 49;
miseries, 50; letters to Héloïse,
51; condemnation by a council,
61; closing days, 62; death, 63;
burial, 64.

Aberdeen (Gordon, George Hamil.
ton), Lord.-(1784-1860.) Eng-
lish statesman, ix, 362; x, 65,
66, 85, 164-167, 173, 175-177,
180, 192, 336, 337.

Abernethy, Dr. John.-(1764-1831.)
English surgeon, ix, 271.

Abiathar.-High-priest of Israel,
death of, ii, 204.

Abigail, her lofty heroism, vii, 70.
Abimelech. Deceived by Abraham,
ii, 50.
Abner.-Leader of Philistines, 1,
174; slain by Joab, 175.
Abolitionists, xii, 209, 212, 216,
220, 224, 225.

Abraham, or Abram, "'exalted
father," or "the father of the
faithful." (circa 2000 B. C.?)
Special progenitor of the He-
brews, i, 29-31; visit to Egypt,
32; spiritual progenitor of those
who acknowledged a personal
God, ii, 27; idolatry rife in his
day, though a remarkable ma
terial civilization existed, 28;
birth in Ur of the Chaldeans, 30;
lived there until the call,'' 31;
his father a worshipper of the
tutelary gods of his tribe, 31;
divinely instructed and highly
gifted, 32, 33;
removes to
Shechem and to the southward
and builds altar to the Lord, 33,
34; among the Canaanitish na-
tions and at court of the Pha-
raohs, 35, 36; separates from
Lot and moves from Bethel to
plains of Mamre, 36; blessed by
Melchizedek, 36; his covenants
with God and promises of future
greatness for his descendants,

37;
grand destiny of Hebrew
race, 38; religious education of
race the gift of the Jew, 39;
faith of the patriarch, 39; test
of it in his willingness to sacri-
fice Isaac, 42, 43; his hand

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stayed from the propitiatory
offering, 48; Divine blessing on
him, 49; deception to Pharoah
and to Abimelech, 50; traits of
character, 51; rewards of faith
and obedience, 53; buried in
cave of field of Machpelah, 86.
Absalom.-Son of King David, re-
bellion of, ii, 187, 203; death
of, 190.

Absolutism, viii, 181. See Riche-
lieu, Cardinal de.

Abu-habba, Mr. Rassam's excava-
tions at, xiv, 369.
Academy, French, Franklin elected
a member, xi, 99.

Acetylene gas, calcium carbide em-
ployed in the production of, xiv,
437.

Achilles, Wrath of, vil, 376.

Acropolis at Athens, The, i, 299;
iii, 94, 98.

Actium, Battle of (31 B. C.), iii,
326.

"Adam Bede," George Eliot's, vii,

285, 350, 363-367, 370, 380, 384.
Adams, John.-(1735-1826.) Presi-

vehement patriotism, 228; leader
of the Assembly, 232; eager for
war, 236; chief-justice of Massa-
chusetts, 237; commissioner to
France, 239; minister to Eng
land, 241; vice-president, 243;
president, 246; his aristocratic
ideas, 250; foreign policy, 251,
252; home administration, 254;
love of office, 257; as president
and diplomat, 259; traits of
character, 245, 259, 260; retire-
ment and death, 260, 261.
Adams, John Quincy.—(17 67-
1848.) Sixth President of U. S.
(1825-29). xi, 260, 261; enters
on office, xii, 48, 49; Jackson's
succession, 50; secretary of
State in Monroe's Cabinet (1817-
25), 103, 116.

Adams, Samuel.—(1 7 2 2-1 8 0 3.)
American statesman, xi, 78, 80,
113, 224, 227, 228, 292.
Addison, Joseph.-(1 6 7 2-1 7 19.)
English essayist, vii, 212, 214,
354.
Adolphus, Gustavus.-King of Swe-
den. See Gustavus II.

Adolphus, John Leycester.-English
lawyer, on authorship of "Waver
ley Novels," xiii, 123.

Adonijah, King David's son, seeks
to steal the royal sceptre, i
204; slain, 204.
Adrianople, Patriarch of, beheaded
by the Turks during the Greek
revolution (1820-1828), ix, 290.
Adrianople, Peace of (Sept. 1829),
X, 157.

"Advancement of Learning," Ba
con's, vi, 413.
Eschines. (389-314 B. C.) Athe-
nian orator, i, 364; rival of
Demosthenes, 365; xi, 211.
Eschylus.-(525-456 B. C.) Greek
tragic poet. Creator of the Greek
drama, i, 324, 325.

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hewed in pieces by Samuel, 157.
Agapæ, or Love Feasts, ii, 438.
Agincourt, Victory of, vil, 74.
Agni, in Hindu Mythology, the god
of fire, 1, 75.

Agriculture, in Egypt, iil, 206;
Jefferson's acquaintance with im-
provements in, xi, 284; scien-
tific, xii, 421, 428, 429, 430.
Agrippa, Herod, at Cæsarea, Paul
"almost persuades him to be a
Christian," ii, 447.
Agrippa, Baths of, iii, 121.
Ahab, King of Israel.-(1918-896
B. C.) Son and successor of
Omri, ii, 244; builds temple to
Baal, 244; dwells with Jezebel
in splendor at Jezreel, 245; wit-
nesses discomfiture of Baal's
prophets on Mt. Carmel, 258;
acquaints Jezebel, who threatens
Elijah's life, 259; covets Na-
both's vineyard, 266, 267; with
Jezebel secures it by craft, and
compasses Naboth's death, 269,
270; punishment of both king
and queen, 271; death of, 273;
death of Jezebel and Ahab's sev
enty sons, 279.
Ahaz,

King of Judah (742-727
B. C.), his subjects slain and
taken captive, ii, 296.
Ahaziah.-Son of Ahab, and King

of Israel (896-894 B. C.), sends
soldiers to arrest Elijah who are
consumed by fire, ii, 274, 275;
his death, 275.

Ahura-Mazda.-The

good spirit
(Ormazd) in the dual system of
Zoroaster, 1, 57-60.

"Aïda," Verdi's opera of, xiv, 62,

67.

Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of (1668),
viii, 267.

"Akbar's Dream and Other Poems,"
Tennyson's, xiii, 472.

A Kempis, Thomas.-(1380-1471.)
vii, 138.

Alabama Claims, Settlement of, Mr.
Gladstone's, x, 363, 366; xii,
376.

Alaric.-King of the West Goths
(1376-410 A.D.), invades Greece,
Athens ransomed, iv, 346, 347;
retires before Stilicho, but ad
vances into Italy, 347; extorts
great ransom from Rome, 349;
returns to Rome (410 A.D.) and
sacks it, 350.

Albans, Saint, English Church of,
v, 149.
Albertus Magnus.

-

(1190-1280.)
Teacher of Thomas Aquinas, and
able expounder of the scholastio
philosophy, v, 233; vii, 32.
Albret, Jeanne d'.- (1 5 2 8-7 2.)
Queen of Navarre, viii, 119.
Alcibiades.-(450-404 B.C.) Athe-
nian general and politician, at-
tracted by Socrates, i, 209, 253,
257; banqueting, 250; passions
and appetites, 268; traitor to
his country, 275.

Aldworth, Surrey, Tennyson's home,
and death at, xiii, 457.
Alembert,

d'.

-

Jean Baptiste
(1717-83.) French philosopher
and mathematician, xiii, 29, 55.
Alençon, Duke of, vii, 90.
Alexander the Great. - (323-356

B.C.) King of Macedon, 1, 62,
63; family history, iii, 389;
education, 389;
interest
Greek heroic and tragic poetry,

in

For location of Volumes in Books,

389; affection for Aristotle,

389; ascends throne, 389, 390;
invades Greece, 390; made.com-
mander-in-chief to prosecute war
against Persia, 390; captures
Thebes, 390; invades Asia, 391;
defeats Darius, 391, 392;
marches toward Egypt, 393;
conquers Egypt, 393; believes
himself of divine origin, 393;
founds city of Alexandria, 393;
becomes master of eastern Medi-
terranean coast, 393; destroys
Persian Empire, 393, 394; sus-
picious character of, 395; kills
his general, 395, 396; marriage,
396; conquests lead into India,
396, 397; constructs fleet in
Phoenician ports, 398; receives
embassies from all nations
around Mediterranean, 398;
death, 399; influence of reign,
399, 401; wars of, led to intro-
duction of Greek civilization into
Asia and Egypt, v, 328; vii, 109.
Alexander I. Czar of Russia

(1801-25), vii, 289, 291; suc-
cession of, ix, 77, 87, 95, 141;
at Congress of Vienna, 159; def-
erence to Metternich, 180, 235,
275, 280, 281, 288; death, 313;
autocrat of all the Russias, x,
155; adds Finland to his king-
dom, 156.

Alexander II.-Emperor of Russia,
X, 195.

Alexander VI, Pope.-(1492-1503.)
vi, 142, 168, 171.

Alexandria, Egypt, in the reign of
Ptolemy Philadelphus, iii, 214;
great seat of commerce, 215;
renowned schools, 215, 313; in
the time of Queen Cleopatra,
322-329; in Constantine's day,
the centre of theological agita-
tions, iv, 158.

Alexis. Son of Peter the Great

(1690-1718), a trial to his fa-
ther, viii, 358-360, death of, 361.
Alfred the Great.-(849-901.) King
of the West Saxons (871-901).
The Saxons in England, viii, 25;
birth and parentage, 33; edu-
cated at Rome and visits at Paris
court of Charles the Bald, 34;
rule of his brothers over Wessex,
35; fights the Danes, and begins
his reign, 35, 36; a fugitive
(A.D. 878), but is victorious at
Ethandune, Guthrum succumbing
to Alfred and receives baptism,
36-38; treaty of Wedmore gives
Danes slice of England, which
they occupy and settle, 38; con-
structs fortresses and other de-
fences, 41; reorganizes his army
and navy, 42-45; destroys Dan-
ish fleet, 44; siege of Rochester,
45; laws and codes of, and
maintenance of justice, 46-52;
educational efforts, 53, 54; fur-
ther Danish invasion under Has.
ting, and defeat of, 55-57; death
and character, 58-62.
Alger, Russel A.

-

(1836-1907.)
Secretary of War during Cuban
War, xv, 79.

Algeria, Extension of France's Col

ony of, ix, 346; Conquest of
(1830), 215.

Algiers, Decatur chastises, xi, 283.
Alien and Sedition Laws, Enact-

ment of, under John Adams's
administration, xi, 254.
Ali Pasha.-(1741-1822.) Alban-
ian pasha of Jannina, death of,
ix, 295.

Alison, Sir Archibald. (1792-
1867.) His "History of Europe,"
ix, 350.

"Allegro, L'," Milton's, xiii, 331.
Alma, Battle of the (Crimean
War), in 1854, x, 183.

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