Aaron.-Moses's brother, ii, 104. Abd-el-Kadir.-Arab chief
Abélard, Peter.-(1 079-1142.) Knight-errant of philosophy, v, 216; most brilliant lecturer of Middle Ages, 217; at Paris and in the Paraclete at Champagne, 216, 217; love for Héloïse, 217; his "Sic et Non," 218, 220; his rationalism arrays him against Saint Bernard, 218; his love- songs, 219; dialectical and con- troversial spirit, 220; lectures at Notre Dame and at Mount Geneviève, 221, 256; in Melun, his suc- 256; in Paris, 256; cessor, 257; opinions, 258; con- demnation, 259; influence, 260; vi, 59, 190, 356. Breton scholar and teacher, founder of scholastic theology, vil, 32; precocity, 32; critical spirit, 33; rationalistic at St. Gen- philosopher, 34; eviève, Paris, 36; lectures, 38; 5,000 pupils, 39; love for Hél- oïse, 40; infatuation, 41, secret marriage, 46; retirement to a convent, 48; great fame, 49; miseries, 50; letters to Héloïse, 51; condemnation by a council, 61; closing days, 62; death, 63; burial, 64.
Aberdeen (Gordon, George Hamil. ton), Lord.-(1784-1860.) Eng- lish statesman, ix, 362; x, 65, 66, 85, 164-167, 173, 175-177, 180, 192, 336, 337.
Abernethy, Dr. John.-(1764-1831.) English surgeon, ix, 271.
Abiathar.-High-priest of Israel, death of, ii, 204.
Abigail, her lofty heroism, vii, 70. Abimelech. Deceived by Abraham, ii, 50. Abner.-Leader of Philistines, 1, 174; slain by Joab, 175. Abolitionists, xii, 209, 212, 216, 220, 224, 225.
Abraham, or Abram, "'exalted father," or "the father of the faithful." (circa 2000 B. C.?) Special progenitor of the He- brews, i, 29-31; visit to Egypt, 32; spiritual progenitor of those who acknowledged a personal God, ii, 27; idolatry rife in his day, though a remarkable ma terial civilization existed, 28; birth in Ur of the Chaldeans, 30; lived there until the call,'' 31; his father a worshipper of the tutelary gods of his tribe, 31; divinely instructed and highly gifted, 32, 33; removes to Shechem and to the southward and builds altar to the Lord, 33, 34; among the Canaanitish na- tions and at court of the Pha- raohs, 35, 36; separates from Lot and moves from Bethel to plains of Mamre, 36; blessed by Melchizedek, 36; his covenants with God and promises of future greatness for his descendants,
37; grand destiny of Hebrew race, 38; religious education of race the gift of the Jew, 39; faith of the patriarch, 39; test of it in his willingness to sacri- fice Isaac, 42, 43; his hand
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stayed from the propitiatory offering, 48; Divine blessing on him, 49; deception to Pharoah and to Abimelech, 50; traits of character, 51; rewards of faith and obedience, 53; buried in cave of field of Machpelah, 86. Absalom.-Son of King David, re- bellion of, ii, 187, 203; death of, 190.
Absolutism, viii, 181. See Riche- lieu, Cardinal de.
Abu-habba, Mr. Rassam's excava- tions at, xiv, 369. Academy, French, Franklin elected a member, xi, 99.
Acetylene gas, calcium carbide em- ployed in the production of, xiv, 437.
Achilles, Wrath of, vil, 376.
Acropolis at Athens, The, i, 299; iii, 94, 98.
Actium, Battle of (31 B. C.), iii, 326.
"Adam Bede," George Eliot's, vii,
285, 350, 363-367, 370, 380, 384. Adams, John.-(1735-1826.) Presi-
vehement patriotism, 228; leader of the Assembly, 232; eager for war, 236; chief-justice of Massa- chusetts, 237; commissioner to France, 239; minister to Eng land, 241; vice-president, 243; president, 246; his aristocratic ideas, 250; foreign policy, 251, 252; home administration, 254; love of office, 257; as president and diplomat, 259; traits of character, 245, 259, 260; retire- ment and death, 260, 261. Adams, John Quincy.—(17 67- 1848.) Sixth President of U. S. (1825-29). xi, 260, 261; enters on office, xii, 48, 49; Jackson's succession, 50; secretary of State in Monroe's Cabinet (1817- 25), 103, 116.
Adams, Samuel.—(1 7 2 2-1 8 0 3.) American statesman, xi, 78, 80, 113, 224, 227, 228, 292. Addison, Joseph.-(1 6 7 2-1 7 19.) English essayist, vii, 212, 214, 354. Adolphus, Gustavus.-King of Swe- den. See Gustavus II.
Adolphus, John Leycester.-English lawyer, on authorship of "Waver ley Novels," xiii, 123.
Adonijah, King David's son, seeks to steal the royal sceptre, i 204; slain, 204. Adrianople, Patriarch of, beheaded by the Turks during the Greek revolution (1820-1828), ix, 290. Adrianople, Peace of (Sept. 1829), X, 157.
dent (1797-1801). Leading poli- tician colonial days, xi, 78; minister at The Hague (1780), 94; proposes Washington as commander-in-chief (1775), 113, 237; vice-president, 156; presi- dent, 166; supports Federal party, 205; "Constructive Statesmanship," 217; family history, 217; chooses law as his profession, 218; contemporary state of society, 220; political Drator, 221; belief in equality of rights, 221; aspirations, 222; protests against Stamp Act, 223; removes to Boston, 225; foresees war with England, 226; desires independence of Colonies, 227; in Philadelphia Congress, 227; begins career as statesman, 227; Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
"Advancement of Learning," Ba con's, vi, 413. Eschines. (389-314 B. C.) Athe- nian orator, i, 364; rival of Demosthenes, 365; xi, 211. Eschylus.-(525-456 B. C.) Greek tragic poet. Creator of the Greek drama, i, 324, 325.
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hewed in pieces by Samuel, 157. Agapæ, or Love Feasts, ii, 438. Agincourt, Victory of, vil, 74. Agni, in Hindu Mythology, the god of fire, 1, 75.
Agriculture, in Egypt, iil, 206; Jefferson's acquaintance with im- provements in, xi, 284; scien- tific, xii, 421, 428, 429, 430. Agrippa, Herod, at Cæsarea, Paul "almost persuades him to be a Christian," ii, 447. Agrippa, Baths of, iii, 121. Ahab, King of Israel.-(1918-896 B. C.) Son and successor of Omri, ii, 244; builds temple to Baal, 244; dwells with Jezebel in splendor at Jezreel, 245; wit- nesses discomfiture of Baal's prophets on Mt. Carmel, 258; acquaints Jezebel, who threatens Elijah's life, 259; covets Na- both's vineyard, 266, 267; with Jezebel secures it by craft, and compasses Naboth's death, 269, 270; punishment of both king and queen, 271; death of, 273; death of Jezebel and Ahab's sev enty sons, 279. Ahaz,
King of Judah (742-727 B. C.), his subjects slain and taken captive, ii, 296. Ahaziah.-Son of Ahab, and King
of Israel (896-894 B. C.), sends soldiers to arrest Elijah who are consumed by fire, ii, 274, 275; his death, 275.
Ahura-Mazda.-The
good spirit (Ormazd) in the dual system of Zoroaster, 1, 57-60.
"Aïda," Verdi's opera of, xiv, 62,
Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of (1668), viii, 267.
"Akbar's Dream and Other Poems," Tennyson's, xiii, 472.
A Kempis, Thomas.-(1380-1471.) vii, 138.
Alabama Claims, Settlement of, Mr. Gladstone's, x, 363, 366; xii, 376.
Alaric.-King of the West Goths (1376-410 A.D.), invades Greece, Athens ransomed, iv, 346, 347; retires before Stilicho, but ad vances into Italy, 347; extorts great ransom from Rome, 349; returns to Rome (410 A.D.) and sacks it, 350.
Albans, Saint, English Church of, v, 149. Albertus Magnus.
(1190-1280.) Teacher of Thomas Aquinas, and able expounder of the scholastio philosophy, v, 233; vii, 32. Albret, Jeanne d'.- (1 5 2 8-7 2.) Queen of Navarre, viii, 119. Alcibiades.-(450-404 B.C.) Athe- nian general and politician, at- tracted by Socrates, i, 209, 253, 257; banqueting, 250; passions and appetites, 268; traitor to his country, 275.
Aldworth, Surrey, Tennyson's home, and death at, xiii, 457. Alembert,
Jean Baptiste (1717-83.) French philosopher and mathematician, xiii, 29, 55. Alençon, Duke of, vii, 90. Alexander the Great. - (323-356
B.C.) King of Macedon, 1, 62, 63; family history, iii, 389; education, 389; interest Greek heroic and tragic poetry,
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389; affection for Aristotle,
389; ascends throne, 389, 390; invades Greece, 390; made.com- mander-in-chief to prosecute war against Persia, 390; captures Thebes, 390; invades Asia, 391; defeats Darius, 391, 392; marches toward Egypt, 393; conquers Egypt, 393; believes himself of divine origin, 393; founds city of Alexandria, 393; becomes master of eastern Medi- terranean coast, 393; destroys Persian Empire, 393, 394; sus- picious character of, 395; kills his general, 395, 396; marriage, 396; conquests lead into India, 396, 397; constructs fleet in Phoenician ports, 398; receives embassies from all nations around Mediterranean, 398; death, 399; influence of reign, 399, 401; wars of, led to intro- duction of Greek civilization into Asia and Egypt, v, 328; vii, 109. Alexander I. Czar of Russia
(1801-25), vii, 289, 291; suc- cession of, ix, 77, 87, 95, 141; at Congress of Vienna, 159; def- erence to Metternich, 180, 235, 275, 280, 281, 288; death, 313; autocrat of all the Russias, x, 155; adds Finland to his king- dom, 156.
Alexander II.-Emperor of Russia, X, 195.
Alexander VI, Pope.-(1492-1503.) vi, 142, 168, 171.
Alexandria, Egypt, in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, iii, 214; great seat of commerce, 215; renowned schools, 215, 313; in the time of Queen Cleopatra, 322-329; in Constantine's day, the centre of theological agita- tions, iv, 158.
Alexis. Son of Peter the Great
(1690-1718), a trial to his fa- ther, viii, 358-360, death of, 361. Alfred the Great.-(849-901.) King of the West Saxons (871-901). The Saxons in England, viii, 25; birth and parentage, 33; edu- cated at Rome and visits at Paris court of Charles the Bald, 34; rule of his brothers over Wessex, 35; fights the Danes, and begins his reign, 35, 36; a fugitive (A.D. 878), but is victorious at Ethandune, Guthrum succumbing to Alfred and receives baptism, 36-38; treaty of Wedmore gives Danes slice of England, which they occupy and settle, 38; con- structs fortresses and other de- fences, 41; reorganizes his army and navy, 42-45; destroys Dan- ish fleet, 44; siege of Rochester, 45; laws and codes of, and maintenance of justice, 46-52; educational efforts, 53, 54; fur- ther Danish invasion under Has. ting, and defeat of, 55-57; death and character, 58-62. Alger, Russel A.
(1836-1907.) Secretary of War during Cuban War, xv, 79.
Algeria, Extension of France's Col
ony of, ix, 346; Conquest of (1830), 215.
Algiers, Decatur chastises, xi, 283. Alien and Sedition Laws, Enact-
ment of, under John Adams's administration, xi, 254. Ali Pasha.-(1741-1822.) Alban- ian pasha of Jannina, death of, ix, 295.
Alison, Sir Archibald. (1792- 1867.) His "History of Europe," ix, 350.
"Allegro, L'," Milton's, xiii, 331. Alma, Battle of the (Crimean War), in 1854, x, 183.
For location of Volumes in Books,
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Althorp, Lord (Earl Spencer).- English statesman and reformer (1782-1845), x, 25, 29, 34, 46, 54, 66.
Aluminum, extended uses of the metal, xiv, 438.
Alva, Duke of.-(1508-82.) Span- ish general, vii, 166. Ambrose, Saint.-(340-397 A. D.) Bishop of Milan, iv, 247; im- portance of his See in his day, 252; birth at Treves, and early education, 253, 254; governor of Northern Italy and arch- bishop of Milan, 254; adminis- trative ability, 256; baptism and surrender of his princely fortune, 256; tilt with heretics, 258; Manicheans and Arians, 258, 259;
lay on, in letter to a correspond. ent, xiii, 271, 272.
America, British, "Summary View of the Rights of," xi, 273. American Idea, the, Origin of, xi, 23; Institutions, 23; Revolu- tion, 51; Independence born, 49; resistance to taxation, 229. American Independence, Jefferson identified with, xi, 275. American Leaders, xii, 23. American trade, Jefferson seeks to remove shackles from, xi, 283. American Union, The, xii, 145. See Webster, Daniel.
Ammon.-Veiled Egyptian deity,
88; temple at Thebes, 112. Ammon Ra, physical sun of Egypt ians, 1, 33.
Amorites, Nation of the, ii, 34. "Amos Barton," "Sad Fortunes of,"
George Eliot's, vii, 357, 358. Ampère, André Marie. - (1775-
1836.) French physicist, electri- cal investigations, xiv, 401. Ampère, Jean J. A.-(1800-64.) French literary historian, vil, 249.
Amphitheatre, Roman, iii, 102. Anesthetic, surgical, first efficient, xiv, 478.
"Analects" (Lun-yu) of Confucius, 1, 153, 156, 175. Anaxagoras.-Greek natural phi-
Empress Faustina (an Arian) challenges Ambrose to public disputation, 261; refuses to compromise himself in the palace of an enemy, 265; issue raised with an angry sovereign, 266; seeks shelter in the sanc- tuary, which Faustina's troops refuse to invade, 266, 267; queen baffled and Valentinian threat- ened with a revolt, 270, 271; the temporal power yields to spiritual, 271; ambassador barbaric courts, 271, 272; Theo- dosius slaughters the people of Thessalonica, 274; grief of Am- brose, who writes a letter to the emperor insisting on his repent- ance and expiation, the emperor yields, 275; his laborious life, charity, and humanity, 277; af- fection for St. Augustine, 278; death and eulogy, 279, 280. America, discovery of, vi, 108; field for enterprise and industry, 126; mission of and immediate results of discovery, 130, 131; Macau- Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
losopher (1500-428 B. C.), at- tempts to square the circle, iii, 174.
Anaximander.-Greek physical phi losopher (611-547 B. C.), geo- metrical knowledge of, iii, 173. Anaximenes. (Circa 6th. cent. B. C.) Greek philosopher and friend of Thales, i, 261; crude notions of astronomy, iii, 160,
Ancestors, Worship of, in China, i, 165.
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