His "City of God," 1, 35, 122, 123; oracle of Middle Ages, 264, 265, 376; great oracle of the Latin Church, iv, 283; type of Christian theologian, services and personal character, 284; birth and parentage, 284; Monica, his sainted mother, 285; education, influence of Mani- cheans, 285-287; philosophical attainments, 288; at Rome, 289; teaches rhetoric at Milan, 291; makes Ambrose's acquaint- ance, and accepts theology of St. Paul, 291, 293; baptized, 295; bishop of Hippo (395), 296; theologian and philosopher, 297; controversy with the Donatists, 299, 300; combats the Pelagian heresy, 303, 305, 306, 309; pre- vails over Pelagius, 312; "The City of God," and his "Confes- sions," 313, 315; death and character, 316-313; vii, 33, 141, 390; "Confessions of," 138; xi, 208.
Augustus Cæsar (Octavius).— (63 B. C.-A. D. 14.) Antony's rival, iii, 323; fight between their forces at Actium, 326; Cleopatra seeks to ensnare him, 330; Roman emperor, vii, 161. Aurelian.-Roman emperor, trium-
phal car drawn by elephants, iii, 232.
Aurelius. See Marcus Aurelius. Austen, Jane. - English novelist, Macaulay's admiration for, xiii, 281.
Austerities, Brahminical, 1, 79, 82. Austerlitz, Battle of (1805), i 144, 151.
Austin, Charles, xiii, 218, 250. Austria, Disastrous effect of the
Seven Years' War on, viii, 390; regains, by Congress of Vienna (1815), many of her former do- minions, the Tyrol, Venice, Parma, and Lombardy, ix, 164; Prussia's Seven Weeks' War with (1866), ends in battle of Königgratz (Sadowa), x, 286-
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
Baal and Ashtaroth.-Worship of, ii, 162.
Baal, priest of, slain by Elijah's command, ii, 256, 275.
Baal, the sun-god, ii, 72.
Bab-el-Mandeb, Straits of, xiv, 380. Babel, Tower of, iii, 84. Babylon, fall of, predicted by Isaiah, ii, 307; utterly de- stroyed, 308; Babylon and the mounds of ancient Chaldea, 371. "Babylon and Nineveh," Layard's account of, xiv, 370.
Babylonia, i, 43; El, the chief deity, i, 45.
Babylonian and other ancient re- ligions, 1, 27; polytheistic, 42; influence of deities on Jews, 44; study of astronomy, 47. Bacchides, General, sent to chas- tize the Jews, ii, 396. Bacchus. God of wine, orgies of, i, 112; vii, 111.
Bacon, Lord, Macaulay's essay on, xiii, 258.
Bacon, Francis, Lord Verulam.- (1561-1626.)
The New Philos-
ophy, vi, 383; Macaulay's harsh portraiture, 384; birth, family, and education, 387; enters Par- liament, 388; acquaintance with Essex who befriends b'm, 388, 389; becomes solicitor-general, attorney-general, and Lord Chan- cellor, 390; Lord Verulam and Viscount St. Albans, 390; his "Novum Organum," 390, 411; accused of taking bribes, im- prisoned, and fined, 391; the charge of sycophancy,
393; alleged ingratitude to his patron Essex, 394; toils amid enmities and jealousies, 397; the epithet "meanest of mankind," 398; his legacy to the world, 399; his
Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
philosophy, 402-404; inductive method, 406, 418; points the right road to truth, 410; his "Sylva Sylvarum," 412; "The Advancement of Learning," 413; Essays, 414; vii, 386; xi, 212, 213. Bacon, Roger. - (1214-94.) Eng. lish philosopher, vii, 277. Bacon, Sir Nicholas.
(1509-79.) English statesman, and father of Francis Bacon, viii, 80. Bactrian tongue, that of Zoroaster, native of Bactria (province of ancient Persia) in which the Avesta (sacred writings) was composed, i, 61.
Baden-Baden, Goethe at, xiii, 398. Baghdad, on the Tigris, xiv, 360- 362.
Bagoses, satrap of Syria, ii, 376. Baillie, Joanna. - (1762-1851.) Scottish poetess, xiii, 88, 94, 123.
Balaklava, Battle of (Oct. 25, 1854), x, 188.
Balkan Wars, xv, 250, 251, 255. Ballanche, Pierre Simon. (1776-
1848.) French writer, and so- cial theorist. Friendship for Mme. Récamier, vii, 241-243, 247.
Ballantyne, James.- Edinburgh publisher and friend of Sir W. Scott, xiii, 87, 88.
Balzac, Honoré de.-(1799-1850.) French novelist, vii, 231; xiii, 100.
Bangweolo, Lake, Africa, xiv, 320. Bank, United States, Jackson's
war with, xii, 60-62, 65, 66; crash of, 69-71.
Bank of England, renewal of its charter, X, 77.
Barbadoes, Washington's voyage to (1751), xi, 109.
For location of Volumes in Books,
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
Barbarossa, Frederic, emperor of Germany (1155-1190), v, 272, 278.
Barbary States, piracy in the, x, 283.
Barberini, Cardinal (Pope Urban
VIII).-Galileo seeks to publish his astronomical works in his régime, vi, 450.
Barère. Memoirs of the French revolutionist, Macaulay's essay on, xiii, 266.
Baris, the castle of, ii, 402. Barley Wood, Hannah More's home at, vii, 325, 328.
Barnabas. Associated with Saui (Paul) in missionary work, if, 415, 421, 424, 425. "Barnaby Rudge," Dickens's novel, vii, 367.
Barras, Paul Jean.-(1755-1829.)
French revolutionist, member of the Directory, vii, 235; ix, 113. Barré, Isaac.-(1726-1802.) Brit- ish officer (of French descent) and politician, xi, 83. "Barton, Amos," "The Sad For- tunes of," by George Eliot, vii, 357, 358.
Barrie, James M.-(1860- .) Scot-
tish novelist, xiii, 117.
Baruch, the Scribe, fi, 342, 352. "Bas Bleu," Hannah More's, vii, 306, 327. Barton,
(1821-1912.) Founder of American Red Cross, xvi, 170; family history, 170; service in Civil War, 171, 172;
tate, 142; founds Monastic in stitutions whose vows are pov- erty, obedience, and chastity, 143; great legislator and ad- ministrator, 144. Bassompierre, Marshal.-French soldier and diplomat (1579- 1646), sent to the Bastille by Richelieu, viii, 199.
Bates, Edward, of Missouri. At- torney-General in Lincoln's Cab- inet, xii, 276.
Baths, Roman (of Caracalla), iii, 103, 107, 226; of Titus, Diocletian, and Agrippa, 224, 225, 227, 229. Bathsheba.-Wife of David and mother of Solomon, ii, 203. Baxter, Richard.-(1615-95.) Eng- lish divine and author, vii, 141. Bayard, James A.- (1799-1880.) American politician, xii, 97. Bayreuth, Bavaria, musical festi vals at, xiv, 56, 57.
Bazaine, Marshal.-Commander-in- chief of French army, x, 242, 246. Beaconsfield, Lord (Benjamin Disraeli), (1804-81). English statesman and novelist, x, 96, 97, 334-336, 351, 354. "Beagle," voyage of the, Darwin's, xiv, 161.
Beatrice.-Dante's adoration of, vi, 35, 41; vii, 24, 58, 285. Beau Brummell (George Bryan).- English leader of fashion (died 1840), ix, 251. Beaumont, Dr. William. (1796- 1853.) American surgeon, periments in digestion, xiv, 450. "Beauty and Taste," treatise on, 1 292.
Beauvais, Bishop of, vii, 96. Bec, Normandy, Abbey of, Anselm
prior and abbot of, v, 178, 175.
For location of Volumes in Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
Becket, Thomas. Archbishop of
Canterbury (1118-70.) cal power, v, 251; origin, 252, 253; intimacy with Henry II, who makes him chan- cellor, 254; rivals the king in 255; becomes magnificance, archbishop of Canterbury, and as such he changes his habits, 261; resigns the chancellorship, 263; conflict between the Crown and the Church, 266; Council and "Constitutions of Clarendon," 266; Becket at first refuses, but later promises to ac- knowledge its decrees, 268; re- fusing to do this the king brings charges against him, fines him, and Becket quits the kingdom, 269-271; appeals to Pope Alex- ander III and retires to a Cister- cian abbey, 272, 273; a truce and hollow reconciliation, 277; returns to England but excites causes of discord between him- self and the king, 279; from the latter (at the time in Nor- mandy), four knights left the court, crossed the Channel and murdered the archbishop, 280- 282; the assassination a shock to Christendom, the king mean- while disavows the act and does penance at Becket's tomb, 282, 283; canonized as a saint, the case of the martyr, 283; vii, 62. Bede, "The Venerable."-English monk and ecclesiastical writer (1673-735), priest of the abbey of Wearmouth, viii, 33; Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, 33. Bedford, Duke of, vii, 75, 76, 94, 96.
Bee, Judge, of U. S. Circuit Court, Charleston, S. C., xii, 336, 337.
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
French physiologist, on nervous system, xiv, 451. Bernard, Saint.-French ecclesias- tic (1091-1153). Crusade against infidels, ii, 143; "Song of Songs," delight of, 225; Monas- tic Institutions, v, 135; their aim and objects, 135; genius of to propitiate the Deity, who seeks to punish rather than to forgive, 140; birth and parent- age, 158; enters Benedictine monastery, 158; becomes Abbot of Clairvaux and Saint, 159; counsellor of kings and nobles, bishops and popes, 160; his elo- quence and boldness, 160; his humanity as marked as his fanaticism, 161; dwells in his sermons and exhortations equally on the wrath of God and the love of Christ, 162; vil, 33, 61, 117, 123. Bernhardt, Sarah.
French actress, xvi, 91; family history, 91, 92; debut, 92; childhood, 92; attends Conser- vatoire, 92; wins first public Votice, 92, 93; mistress of comedy as well as tragedy, 93; physical characteristics, 93; first tour of United States, 94, 95; love for son, 96, 97; cares little for money, 97, 98; versatility, 98; home, 98, 99; light side of nature, 101; faults, 101, 102; compared to Duse, 102, 103; love for companionship and peo- ple, 103; interests, 104; mis- tress of technique, 105; imagi. nation, 105, 106; sensitive na- ture, 106, 107; enjoyment of good food, 107; considered
work almost a religion, 107, 108;
Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
illness, 108; sense of humor, 108; boundless curiosity, 109; energy, 109, 110; friendship with Rostand, 110; marriage, 110, 111; appeal of youth to, 111; stands apart from most brilliant rivals, 111, 112; late career, 112; place can never be filled, 112.
Bernstorff, Count von.-(1862- .)` German Ambassador to U. S., xvi, 42, 45.
Berri, Duchesse de.-(1798-1870.) Revolutionary attempt in favor of her son, the Comte de Cham- bord (1832), ix, 338. Bertinora, Countess of, vii, 70. Bes.-Egyptian god of death, i, 34. Bethel, Altar of, ii, 36. Bethlehem, long residence and
labors at, of Paula and Saint Jerome, iv, 200-202. Bethsura, Judas Maccabæus meets and defeats the Syrians at, ii, 390. Beust, Count.
Austrian chancel- lor (1809-86), x, 239. Bible. Wyclif's translation of, v, 412-414; cost of translating, 417; never a sealed book to monks, vi, 223; full of diffi- culties, 236.
Bickerdike, Mother, Nurse in Civil War, xvi, 169.
Biology, Principles of, H. Spen cer's, xiv, 118, 128, 133. Birch, Samuel.
(1813-85.) Eng. lish Egyptologist, 1, 33. Birkenhead, Lord.
English statesman, part in set- tlement of Irish question, xv, 50. Bismarck, Otto E. L., Prince von.-
(1815-98.) Prussian statesman. The German Empire, x, 251; member of the National Diet, 268; birth and youthhood, 269; friendship with J. L. Motley,
For location of Volumes in Books,
Bee Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
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