Charlemagne (Charles the Great).
-King of the Franks and Ro- man Emperor (742-814 A. D.). "Revival of the Western Em- pire," v, 57; most illustrious monarch of the Middle Ages, 57; birth and ancestry, 58; mon- arch (768 A. D.) and reign, 58, 59; his era and Empire, 59-64; his deeds, 65; perils from un- subdued barbarians, 65, 66; begins work of subjugation, 68; fights the Saxons 33 years, 69; forced conversion upon them, 70, 71; Normans cause him alarm, 71; the Hunnish conquers Avares, 72; turns upon the Saracens, 73; Lombard wars, 74, 75; crowned Emperor of the West, 75; imperialism, 77-79; death and with him dies his Empire, 80; legislator and ad- ministrator, 82, 83, befriends
church and clergy, 85, character and services, 89-91. Charlemagne, Wars of, designed to revive imperialism of Cæsars, V,
of St. Bartholomew in his reign 120; a persecuting monarch
121; death of, 127. Charles X.-King of France (1824- 39), ix, 338-340; succession to the throne in 1824, 104, 105; expulsion from the throne, 99. Charles XII. King of Sweden defeats (1697-1718), viii, 350; Russians at Narva (Nov., 1700), 351; defeated at Pultowa (1709), and escapes into Turkey by aid of his wife, 353; a model to Frederic the Great, 373. Charleston, S. C., xi, 148, 151. Chartists, The, and the
movement, x, 92, 93. Chase, Salmon P. (1808-73.) American jurist and statesman, xi, 138; Secretary of the Treas ury in Lincoln's Cabinet, xii, 276, 297; good management of the U. S. finances, 297; chief. justice, 308. Chateaubriand, Vicomte de. (1768-1848.) French statesman and author; friendship with Mme. Récamier, vii, 244-252; political downfall, 248; pays court to Mme. de Staël, 290; theme: "Restoration and Fall of the Bourbons," ix, 187; poet, orator, diplomat, and minister, 199; birth and noble family, 200; an émigré, 200; his "Génie du Christianisme," 200; travels, 200; pamphlet on "Bonaparte et des Bourbons," 201; а royalist under Louis XVIII, 203; represents France at Congress of Verona, 205; re- ceived by Czar Alexander and Metternich, 205; succeeds Mont- morency as minister of foreign affairs, 207; urges war with Spain, 208; with Villèle, author of the Septennial Bill, 209, 210; For location of Volumes in Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
essays on, xiii, 258, 266. Pitt, William. Chaucer, Geoffrey. (1340-1400.) Father of English poetry. "Eng lish Life in 14th Century," vi, 59; great movements of era, 59, 60; parliamentary history, 61, 62; habits and customs of peo- ple, 62, 63; birth, family, and social position, 63, 64, 66; in- timacy with John of Gaunt, 64; accompanies king to France and taken prisoner, 64, 65; ran- somed, 65; "Roman de la Rose," translation of, 67; descriptions of the people, 72, 73; "Legend of Good Women," 73; "Canter- bury Tales," 74-79;
and description of women, 80, 81; sports and amusements, 82; home, town, and city life of Deriod, 83-85; religious life and ecclesiastical abuses of time, 85, 86; courts of love and chivalric glories, 87; Ward's biography, 88; character, appearance, and manners, 89, 90; monument in Westminster Abbey, 90, 91; xi, 33; a huge literary borrower, xiii, 294.
Cheatham, Major-General, B. F xii, 349.
Cheddar, Hannah More's school at, vii, 313, 314.
Chedorlaomer.-King of Elam, Ab- raham rescues his nephew Lot from, ii, 36; traditions and legends of, xiv, 354.
Chemistry, its assistance in medi- cine, xiv, 472.
Cheops, Pyramid of, iii, 87.
Chesapeake, The, xi, 150. Chesterfield (Philip D. Stanhope), Earl of. (1694-1773.) English
man of fashion, vii, 223.
Chicago, National Republican Con- vention in "The Wigwam," at (1860), xii, 271.
Chickamauga, General Bragg in battle of, xii, 339.
China, Introduction of Buddhistie doctrines into, 1, 84, 85, 91; Buddhist temples in (13th cent.), 92; prescribed by pres ent dynasty, 92; classic litera- ture of, 174; intercourse with, by land, xiv, 257; by sea, 261; Emperor and Empress Dowager of, 295.
Chinese Wall, xiv, 259.
Ching, Prince, of China, xiv, 298. Chios (Scio), Turkish massacre of Greeks at (1822), ix, 298. Chivalry, its worship of the female sex and the Queen of Heaven, v, 316; interesting institution of Middle Ages, 320; as an insti tution, vii, 228, 229. Choiseul, Duc
(1719-85.) French statesman, viii, 318. Chopin, François F. - (1809-49.) Polish musical composer, xiv, 58-61, 64, 65, 68, 69. Chourchid Pasha..
eral, operations in Greek Revo- lution, ix, 296-300.
Chow dynasty, China, 1, 146, 149, 154.
Christ and His teachings, ii, 38; temptation of, 40.
Christian IV, King of Denmark (1588-1648), takes part in the Protestant rising in Northern Germany in the Thirty Years' War, viii, 153.
For location of Volumes in Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
"Christian Morals," Hannah More's work on, vii, 327. Christianity.-Compared with other religious systems, i, 28-30; has in it elements not found in lat ter, 28, 29; its standard the measure of all other systems, 29; Judaism and Christianity, 31; abolishes all forms of out- ward sacrifice, 50; sacerdotalism in, associated with infidelity, 51; extirpated ancient idolatries, 58; the spread of, ii, 411; vii, 113, 389.
Christians, Roman, persecution of, under Nero, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius, iv, 111, 112. "Christ's Descent into Hell," Goethe's poem on, xiii, 393. "Chronicle's of the Canongate," Scott's collection of tales of, xiii, 128.
Chrysoloras, Emanuel.
1415.) Greek scholar, vi, 428. Chrysostom, Saint, father of the Greek Church (347-407 A. D.), his sacred eloquence, iv, 211; birth and parents at Antioch, 219; practices law, but aban- dons the Forum, 221; lives with monks and is converted, 221, 222; ordained a presbyter at Antioch, 223; the people elec- trified by his preaching, 224; his earnestness and unction, 225; pride and glory of the ancient church, 225; saves An- tioch from the vengeance of Theodosius, 228; patriarch of Constantinople, 232; austere and censorious, 234; assailed by Eutropius, by Bishop Theophilus, and by Empress Eudoxia, 235- 238; sent into exile, but the people refused to let him go, 238, 239; death at Comana, in
Churubusco, gallant action of Robert E. Lee at, xii, 323. Cicero, Marcus Tullius. (106-43 B. C.) Roman philosopher and statesman. Expositor of philos- ophy, i, 238-240; his writings, 238, 239; moral theories, 240; philosophy to him the wisdom of life, 241; exquisite literary art of, 313; preeminence, 366; characteristics, 367-370; help- ful to civilization, iii, 275; in- fluence greater than his power, 275; birth and era, 276; st law, defence of Milo, 278; tours in Greece and Asia Minor, 278; as ædile prosecutes Verres, 280; his famous letters, 281; 8 prætor, 282; a consul, 284; suppresses Catiline's conspiracy, 284, 285; hostility of Clodius drives Cicero into exile, 286; his palace burned and villas con- fiscated, 287; this injustice pro- duces reaction and he is recalled from banishment, 288, 289; re- gains popularity, 289; writes "De Oratore," 290; speeches in Forum and Senate, 290; pro- consul of Cilicia, 291; takes Pompey's side against Cæsar, 292; matrimonial troubles, 293; his chief writings, 294; assas- sinated, 295; philippics against Antony, 297; services as states- man, orator, and essayist, 299; oratorical gifts and literary For location of Volumes in Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
tyle, 301-303; his learning and genius, 304, 305; patriot and recognizes moralist, 306; services and fame, Cæsar's though reminding him of higher things expected of him, iv, 99; vii, 39, 110, 269; xi, 182. Cilicia, Cicero pro-consul of, iii, 291.
Cimon of Cleona.-Greek painter. First painter of perspective, 307; iii, 130.
Circe, Cup of, xiii, 383. Circumcision practiced by Egyp controversy over tians, i, 37;
rite of, ii, 422-424.
Circus Maximus, Rome, founded, iii, 226; great seating capacity,
Classics, Greek and Roman, i, 319- 377.
Clay, Henry.-(1777-1852.) Amer. ican statesman and orator, xi,
52, 232, 276, 295, 312, 320; "Compromise Legislation,” xii, 87; birth and education, 88; enters the law, 89; practices at Lexington, Ky., 91; personal appearance and manners, 92; speaker of State legislature, 93; in enters U. S. Senate, 93; Congress, and elected speaker, 94; favors war with England, 94, 95; a diplomat, 97; favors U. S. Bank, 102; change of views, 102; advocate of Missouri Compromise, 108; "the great pacificator," 109; interest in the tariff of 1824, 111; his aspira- tions to the presidency, 115; Secretary of State, 117, 118; takes to farming, 119; traits in hatred of his character, 120;
Jackson, 121; his career as Sen- ator, 122; speeches on the tariff of 1832, 122; visits east- ern cities, 126; perennial can- didature for the presidency, 127; banking questions, 130, 131; in anti-slavery question a pacifi- cator and Unionist, 133;
compromise measures, 135; death, 137; his oratorical power and other qualities and weak- nesses, 137-141.
Clemenceau, Georges. (1841- .) French statesman, xv, 267; in- fluential in appointing Foch as Generalissimo, 131; decisive role in war, 267, 268; opposed 268-270; de- Socialists, scended from great makers of French Revolution, 270-271, 281, 283, 284; physical characteris- tics, 271; family history, 271, 272; education, 272; marriage,
For location of Volumes in Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
272; interest in American poli- tics, 272; Mayor of Montmarte, 272; made a Deputy of the French Chamber, 272; leader of writings, 275, radicals, 273; influence orator 285, 286; and journalist, 273, 288, 289; founds paper, 283; determined stand against Colonial expedi- tions, 283, 284; opposes Gen- eral Boulanger, 274; expelled from Parliament, 274; part in Dreyfus affair, 275; returned to Parliament, 275; warns people German ag- against probable made 276; gression, 275, made a Prime Minister, 276; Minister, 116, 276; resists German pretentions over ques- tion of Foreign Legion, 276, 277; sides against Caillaux on Agadir Affair, 277, 278, 280, 281; criticises Viviani, Briand, and Painlevé, 278; faith in the efforts of his country, 279; im- energy prisons Caillaux, 281;
displayed in spring and summer of 1918, 282; supports Foch, 283; philosophical doctrines, 284; idealism, 284, 285; greatest book, 285, 286; ignor- ant
on subject of economics, 286-288; wit and humor, 289; compared with Poincaré, 289, 290; with compared Lloyd George, 290, 291; defeated by M. Deschanel, 293; saved coun- try in hour of need, 293, 294; compared with Lincoln, 294. Clement XIV. Pope (1769-74), viii, 319.
Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt.
(Died 30 B. C.) The Woman of Paganism, iii, 311; intellectual, accomplished, beautiful, and fascinating, 311; her godless yet brilliant age, 312; birth of this
Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
the last of the Greek sovereigns of Egypt, 313; attracts Cæsar's attention, 315; meets and be- guiles Mark Antony, 316, 318, 322; who, enslaved, returns with the siren to Alexandria, 322; his marriage with Octavia piques Cleopatra, 324; again at Alexandria with Egypt's queen, 325; the seafight at Actium, 326; Antony dies before his sorceress, 329; death of Cleo- patra, 333; other attractive but immoral women of ancient his- tory, 335; their influence fatal to men of high place and am- bition, 337; effect of Paganism
on the sex, 338-345; Christian. ity breeds a nobler type of
women, 346, 347; vii, 27, 109, 149, 251. "Clerical Life," "Scenes
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
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