English political writer, ix, 251,
257; 1, 54; xỉ, 63.
Cobden, Richard. - English politi-
cal economist (1804-65), x, 60,
79, 81-83, 86, 89.1

Code, Mosaic, ii, 107, 112, 113,
123, 125, 126.

Code Napoleon, xi, 195.
Codrington, General, at battle of
the Alma, x, 184.

"Celebs in Search of a Wife," vii,
326.

"Cœli Enarrant," Ruskin's, xiv,
101.

Cohens v. Virginia, Case of, xii,
352.

Colonists, American, lose their love
for England, xi, 47; resistance
to her, 48-51; prosperity of, 46;
aroused to resist England, 49;
New England, 43, 45.
Colonna, Vittoria. (1490-1547.)
Italian poet. Michael Angelo's
friendship with, vi, 213, 300;
vii, 227, 250.

Colosseum, The, at Rome, iii, 103,
108, 226, 227, 229, 230.
Colossians, Paul's Epistle to the,
written from Rome, ii, 448.
Columbus, Christopher. (1446-
1506.) "Maritime Discoveries,"

vi, 95; birth, marriage, and
studies in navigation, 97, 98;
difficulties to be surmounted, 99;
early disappointments, 100, 101;
encouragement by the prior of
convent at Palos, 102; intro-
duced to Spanish court, 103;
aided by Ferdinand and Isabella
he sets forth on his voyage, 106;
lands on San Salvador, 108;
discovers Cuba and Hayti, and
returns to Spain, 109; reception
and 2nd expedition, 110, 111;
2nd visit to Hispanola (Hayti)
and returns to Spain (1496),
111-113; 3rd and later voyages,
113-115; disappointments though
discovering a continent, death,
115; admiral of Spain, 116; his
stimulus to maritime adventure,
117, 118; colonization follows,
119, 120; search for gold, 120-
122; mines of Mexico and
Peru, 120, 122; decline of in-
dustry in Spain owing to thirst
for gold, 124; emigration, and
American expansion, 126-128;
discovery bad for Europe, 131;
American slavery among attend-
ant evils, 132; new experi-
ments in Western World in cus-
toms, laws, freedom, etc., 133-

For location of Volumes in Books,

135; coming and influence of
Christianity, 136, 137.
Comitia centuriata, Roman, ii, 67.
Commandments, Ten, ii, 107, 109,

110; Tables of the, 130, 225.
Commerce, Roman, iii, 216..
"Commercen," ship, case of, xii,
358.

Committee of Correspondence, xi,
273.

Compromise, Missouri, of 1821, xii,
259; repeal of the, 261.
Compromise Legislation, xii, 87.
See Clay, Henry.
Compromise of 1850 (Omnibus
Bill), xii, 258.

Compromise Tariff of 1833, xii,
202.

Condé, Prince of (1530-69.)
French general and Huguenot
leader, viii, 117; slain at battle
of Jarnac, 120, 126.
Condé, Prince de. (1621-86.)
French general, vii, 160, 162.
Condé, Prince of (1643-1709), at
battle of Senif (1674), viii, 271.
Confederacy, Southern, xii, 321.
See Lee, Robert E.
Confederate paper money, depre-
ciation of in Civil War, xii, 342.
Confederation, Articles of (U. S.),
xii, 323.

"Confessions," Rousseau's, xii, 58,

porary with Buddha, 84; birth
and native name, 145; family,
146; early years, 147-149; great
chief
gifts and learning, 149;
magistrate of Loo (Lu), 149;
makes reforms in State, 150; re-
signs and wanders from city to
city, 151; returns to Loo and
spends latter years in revising
his writings, 152, 153; habits,
153, 154;
honors
death, 153;
paid to his memory, 155; char-
acter, 155; voluminous works,
156;
sayings and proverbs,
157-160; views on governing,
161, 162; high morality, 162;
wisdom of the sage, 164, 165;
writings tend to cement Chinese
statesman
imperial power, 166;

as well as moralist, 167; rules
of life, 168-170, exalts friend-
ship, 171; inculcates good of
the people, 172, 173; literary
labors, 174, 175; writings col-
lected and studied, 175, 176;
his contemporaries, 177, 178;
morals, 178.

Congo river, Africa, xiv, 315, 316,

319, 334; Arab and other na
tives of, 340; Free State of,
340.

Congress, Continental, First Meet-
ing of, at Philadelphia (Sept.,
1774), xi, 50, 191, 233, 273;
colonial legislatures sustain its
acts, 50; Franklin elected to, 85.
Congress of the U. S., xi, 113, 114,
117, 121, 122, 124, 127-129, 132,
133, 137, 142, 153, 154, 159-
161, 163, 180, 184, 200.
Congress, Stamp Act, xi, 191.
Coniston, Lancashire, Ruskin's
home at, xiv, 109, 110.
Conquests, Israelitish, ii, 169.
Conservatism, ix, 27, 137.
Metternich, Prince.

See

For location of Volumes in Books,

-

(1767-1830.)

Constant, Henri.
French political writer, vii, 290.
Constantine, Grand Duke, of Rus-
sia (1779-1831), x, 157.
Constantine, Wars of, represent
necessity of self-defence and de-
sire for political unity, v, 327.
Constantine, Arch of, iii, 125.
Constantine I.-(1868-1923.) King
of Greece, XV, 246; ascends
throne on assassination of
George I, 251; trifles with
Allies, 254; abdicates throne,
254; takes up abode in Geneva,
256; returns to Athens, 258.
Constantine the Great.-(272-337
A. D.) Roman Emperor (306
A. D.). Christianity enthroned
under, iv, 137; birth, early ca-
reer, appearance and manners,
143; military career, 144, 145;
desires to centralize his king-
dom, 144; makes Byzantium
(Constantinople) capital of the
Empire, 147; here he makes an
ostentatious display of his
wealth and power, 148, 149;
crimes of, 150; conversion to
Christianity (312 A. D.), 150;
sees cross in the heavens, 151;
issues edict of toleration towards
Christians, 153; restores their
lands and houses, 154; abolishes
crucifixion as a punishment, 154;
his patronage of the clergy, 155;
interested in doctrinal questions,
156; convenes Council of Nicæa,
160, 161; unites the Church
with State, 166; death of, after
a reign of 31 years, 166; faults
and virtues of, 167-169.
Constantinople wrested from Greek
emperors, v, 341; introduction
from, into Europe of Greek lit-
erature and art, 341; desecra-
tion in Crusades of pulpit of
Patriarch, 344; Turkish desire

of, 346; Russian designs on, x,
162, 163, 165.

Constitution, American, fathers of,
xi, 194; adoption of, 198; Eng.
lish, 193; Roman, 193.
Constitution of the United States,
xii, 332, 333.

Constitutional Convention (1787),
xi, 189.

Contarini, Gasparo.-(1483-1542.)
Venetian ecclesiastic, vi, 300;
cardinal, 301.

Continental Army, xi, 138.
Contras, Battle of (Oct., 1587),
Victory of Henry of Navarre
over the League, viii, 129.
"Contrat Social," Rousseau's, x
27.

Convention, French National (1792-
95), ix, 115; xi, 277.
Conway, Henry S. (1 72 1-9 5.)
English soldier and Whig poli
tician, xi, 83, 301.

Coolidge, Calvin.-(1872- ) Pres.
ident of the United States,
tribute to Roosevelt, xv, 93, 94.
Cooper, J. Fenimore. - (1789-
1851.) American novelist, vii,
348.

--

Cooper, Rev. Dr. Myles.-(1735-
85.) President of King's Col-
lege (now Columbia University),
xi, 174.

Cooper Institute, New York, Lin-
coln's great speech at, Oct., 1859,
xii, 268.

Copernicus, Nicolas.-(1473-1543.)
Polish founder of modern astron-
omy, vi, 430, 431; Galileo
teaches his doctrines, 438; revo-
lutionizes astronomy, 442.
Corday, Charlotte. (1 76 8-9 3.)
Heroine of the French revolu
tion, stabs Marat, and is guillo.
tined, ix, 59.

"Corinne," of Mme. de Staël, vii,
284-286, 368, 374.

For location of Volumes in Books,

French dramatist, vii, 25.
Corn-Law Association, Anti-, x, 79,
90.

Corn Laws, English, Repeal of, ix,
259; x, 60; Cobden's arguments
for their repeal influence Sir R.
Peel, xiii, 264.

Cornwallis, Charles, Lord.-(1738-

1805.) English soldier and
statesman. Surrender at York-
town (Oct. 19, 1781), xi, 94,
124, 125, 128-130, 133, 134, 139,
148-150, 182, 240, 382.
Cortés, Hernando. (1485-1547.)
Spanish conqueror of Mexico, vii,

118.

Cossacks, Ukraine, x, 153.
Coues, Elliott.-(1842-99.) Ameri-
can biologist and author, his edi-
tion of Olcott's "Buddhist Cate.
chism," i, 94.

Council of Trent, vii, 138.

"Count Robert of Paris," Scott's
novel, xiii, 114, 128.

Coup d'état, French (1799), over-
throws the Directory (18th Bru-
maire), ix, 119.

Courtesy, Christian, exercise of, in
the Crusades, v, 329.

Courts of Law, English, ix, 238.
Cousin, Victor, French philosopher
(1792-1867), combats material-
ism of 18th cent., ix, 220, 221.
Coutts, Burdett.-Miss (afterwards

Baroness), marriage of, vii, 288.
Cowpens, S. C., Battle of (Jan. 17,
1781), xi, 149.

Cowper, William, Baron.--(?1660-
1723.) English lord high chan-
cellor, vii, 201, 207.

Cowper, Wm.-(1731-1800.) Eng
lish poet, and author of "Olney
Hymns," vii, 140.
Cranmer, Thomas.

(1489-1556.)
Archbishop of Canterbury;
theme: "The English Reforma.
tion," vi, 255, 256; birth and
character, 268, 269; recommends
himself to Henry VIII by favor
ing the divorce of Catherine,
271; becomes archbishop of
Canterbury, 271; reforms in the
church, 274, 275; a statesman
rather than & preacher, 276;
imprisoned by Mary in the
Tower, 278; persecutions, 279;
dies at the stake, 281; xi, 33.
Crécy, Battle of (1346), vii, 74.
Creoles of Louisiana, xii, 340.
Crete, historical and art discover-
ies at, xiv, 387.

Crewe, Lord Robert, pays tribute
to Foch, xv, 135.
Crimean War, national parties to,
X, 169, 182. See Nicholas, Czar.
Crimes, Roman, public and pri
vate, iii, 68.

Critias. Athenian orator and poli-
tician, one of the Thirty Tyrants
(404 B. C.), i, 275.

Criticism and Biography, xiii, 191.
See Carlyle, Thomas.
"Critique of Pure Reason"
(Kant's), vii, 285.

Orito (temp. 400 B. C.).-Athe-
nian, friend and disciple of
Socrates, i, 257.

Crockett, Davy.-Famous frontiers-
man, xii, 34.

Croesus. King of Lydia (560
B. C.), Solon's visit to, iii, 32:
rich, luxurious, intellectual, at-
tracts Solon, the Athenian law.
giver, to him, iv, 46; engages
in war with Cyrus, but is de-
feated, and his rich capital, Sar-

For location of Volumes in Books,

dis, is taken by assault (546
B. C.), 47-49.
Cromwell, Oliver. (1599-1658).

Lord Protector of the English
Commonwealth. Theme: "English
Revolution," viii, 211; offspring
of mighty ideas, 212; the Puri-
tans and their zeal for civil lib-
erty, 212-215; Petition of Right,
215; the King's (Charles I)
clamor for money, 216; opposi-
tion of Parliament, 217; im-
peachment of Laud and Straf-
ford, 217, 220; coming of Crom-
well, 219; raises regiment of
"Ironsides," 221; civil war, 221;
Edgehill and Marston Moor, 221;
bravery at Naseby (1645), 222;
crushes the Scotch royalists at
Preston, 222; ascendency of the
Independents, 223; trial and ex-
ecution of Charles I, 223, 224;
Charles II, 227; in Ireland and
slaughter of garrison of Drog-
heda, 228; battles of Dunbar
(1650) and Worcester (1651),
228; Lord Protector, 228;
229;
usurper,
blunders, 233;
wise statesman and able ruler,
234; his régime, 235, 236;
deeds and policy, 237; expedi-
ency, 238; death and character,
240, 241;

restoration of the
King (1660), 242; sequence of
the Great Rebellion, the revolu-
tion of 1688, 243; xi, 33.
Cromwell, Richard.-(1626-1712.)
Son of the Protector, viii, 229.
Cromwell, Thomas, Earl of Essex.

(1485-1540.) English states-
man and minister of Henry VIII,
vi, 257; advises the king to de-
clare himself Head of the Eng-
lish Church, 257; suppresses
monasteries, 258, 260-263; re-
forms of the Church, 265; fall

(1880) George Eliot, vii, 385.
"Crossing the Bar," Tennyson's
hymn, xiii, 446, 452.
"Crown of Wild Olive," The, Rus-
kin's, xiv, 101.
Crusades, The.

(1095-1272.)

Great events of the Middle Ages,
v, 325; semi-religious and semi-
military movements, 326; repre-
sent hatred of Mohammedans,
329; inculcating virtues of chiv
alry, 329; penance and its then
popular form- pilgrimage to
Jerusalem, 332; difficulties that
beset the pilgrims, 333, 334;
Peter of Amiens, 334, 336; 1st
Crusade under Peter the Hermit,
336; 2nd preached by St. Ber-
nard, 337; 3rd led by Philip
Augustus, Richard Coeur de Lion,
and Barbarossa, 338; 4th, 5th,
6th, and 7th incited chiefly by
Celestine III, Innocent III, and
Saint Louis of France, 339, 340;
waste of forces in these crusades,
340; their mistakes, 342; their
cruelties, 343; ultimate results,
indirectly on civilization
Europe, 345; barrier erected by
them to Mohammedan conquests,
346; weakening power of the
barons, 349, 351; growth of
cities and decay of feudalism
which followed, 352; impulse to
commerce, 352, 353; manners
and intercourse improved and
extended, 353; germs of civili-
zation scattered, 354; vii, 74.

of

For location of Volumes in Books,