Erigena, John Scotus.-Monk and
scholar of 9th cent., v, 202; his
treatise on Predestination, 202;
seeks to harmonize philosophy
with religion, 202; censured by
the Pope and takes refuge in
England, 203; death, 203.
Erskine, Thomas, Lord.

(1750-
1823.) Scottish jurist and ora-
tor, xi, 182.

Erzeroum, Russian capture of, by
General Paskievitch (1829), x,
157.

Esdraelon, Rich plain of, ii, 137.
Esoteric doctrines of Egyptian

priests, ii, 73.
Established Church of England, ix,
236; in America, xi, 280.
Esther, Queen. (480-465 B. C.)
Wife of Xerxes I, vii, 163.
"Esther," Queen (Racine's play),
vii, 173.

Ether as an anæsthetic, efficiency
of, xiv, 476.

Ethical code, Moses's elevated, il,
112.

Ethics, Principles of, H. Spencer's,

xiv, 118, 143, 150-152.
"Ethics of the Dust," Ruskin's,
xiv, 98.

Ethiopians, Moses's conquering of,
ii, 100.

Euclid.-Greek geometrician (circa
300 B. C.), his "Elements of
Geometry," ili, 174.
Euclid of Megara.

-

(5th cent.
B. C.) Greek philosopher and
disciple of Socrates, i, 215, 257.
Euphrates, Regions beyond the,
xiv, 364.

Euphrates Valley, xiv, 379, 380.
Euripides. (485-406 B. C.) Ath-
enian tragic poet, i, 250; pet
of the Sophists, 327.
Evans, Marian. See Eliot, George.
Evans, Mrs. Cary, daughter of
Lloyd George, xv, 57.

Everett, Edward.

-

(1794-1865.)
American diplomat and author,
xii, 154, 173, 302.
Evolutionary Philosophy, xiv, 115.
See Spencer, Herbert.

Ewell, General Richard S.-(1817-
72.) Confederate general in
Civil War, xii, 335-337.
"Exchange," The, schooner, Inter-
national case of, xii, 354, 355.
Executions under the Romans, by

hanging, beheading, etc., iii, 71.
Exploration fund, English Pales
tine, work of, in excavating walls
of Jerusalem, xiv, 384.
Eylau, Battle of (1807), ix, 126.

mag-

and

laboratory assistant at London
Royal Institution, 397; influence
of Sir Humphry Davy, 398; in-
vestigations in chemistry, elec-
tricity, and magnetism, 399;
discovers means of developing
electricity directly from mag-
netism, 401; substitutes
nets for active circuits, 403;
some results of his experimental
researches, 404; discovery of
relations between light
magnetism, 410; action of solid
substances on beam of polarized
light, 411; his papers on "Mag-
netization of Light and the
Illumination of Lines of Mag-
netic Force," and on "The Mag-
netic Condition of All Matter,"
411-414; the "magne-crystallic
force," 415; his labors in the
electro-chemical field, 417; in-
vention of first dynamo, 419;
his alternating-current trans-
former, 421; the electric motor,
426; dynamo-electric machine,
427; electric generator and
motor, 431, 432; the telephone,
433; modern power generating
and transmission plants, 436-
439; honors and death, 441,

"Faust," Goethe's, xiii, 412, 423-
425, 429-435.

Feast days, Roman, i, 136.
Federal (U. S.) Government, xi,

161; Federal and State author-

ity, incipient contest between,
xi, 184.

Federal Power, Limitations of,
Haynes-Webster debate, xii, 73.
"Federal Union, it must be pre-
served," Jackson's toast at Jef-
ferson's birthday banquet
(1830), xii, 73.

Federalism, Hamilton the champion
of, xi, 155.

"Federalist, The," xi, 180, 197,
198; Federalists, 248, 255;
leaders of the party, 246, 247,
249, 298, 299, 309; Federalist
party, Marshall a leader of, xii,
333.

Federalists and Republicans.
Party lines dividing them, xi,
244; of what classes composed,
246-248, 249, 252-257, 290, 291,
298, 299.

Felix, the procurator at Cæsarea,
Paul before, ii, 443.

"Felix Holt," George Eliot's novel,
vii, 376-379

Fénelon, François. - - (1651-1715.)
French prelate and author, vii,
60, 137, 141, 155, 157, 160-162,
171, 172, 303.

Fenn, Harry.-His drawings for
Tennyson's "In Memorium," xiii,
461.

Ferdinand of Aragon.

King of
Castile, attitude toward Colum-
bus, vi, 103.

Ferdinand and Isabella, promise

aid to Columbus, vi, 105; a new
Continent given to them, 108.
Ferdinand II.-(1578-1637.) Holy
Roman Emperor, extirpator of
Protestantism in Bohemia, viii,

For location of Volumes in Books.

Fessenden, Wm. Pitt.-(1806-69.)

U. S. senator and Secretary of
the Treasury, xii, 308.
Festivals, Roman, i, 136.

Festus, Porcius, successor to Felix,
Paul defends himself before, il,
445.

Feudal System.-(?800-1300 A.D.)

An institution of Middle Ages, v,
289; motives, dependence and
protection, 295; the mediæval
peasant, 300-302; the petty
Kings of the era, 303; lordly
proprietors of great estates,

304, 305; their chief pleasures,
306;
exclusiveness of the
feudal aristocrats, 306, 307;
bred a hardy agricultural class,
309; fruits of its grinding
despotism, 310; redeeming fea-
tures, 312; great patrimony of
the Knight, his horse, armor,
and his valor, 313; feudal de-
votion to women, 314-316; noble
qualities and domestic virtues
engendered, 317; courtly ele-
gance and dignity, 319;
Christianity softened and puri-
fied the feudal Knight, 321.
Feuerbach, Ludwig A.-(1804-72.)

German philosopher. His "Es-
sence of Christianity," vii, 352.
Fichte, Johann Gotlieb. (1762-
1814.) German metaphysician,
vii, 275.

Fiction. See Sir Walter Scott and
the Modern Novel.

Fielding, Henry.—(1707-54.) Eng-
lish novelist, vii, 309, 346, 366.
Fillmore, Millard. (1800-74.)
American president (1850-53),

xii, 136.

Fine Arts, The (Architecture,
Sculpture, Painting), iii, 83.
Fines as a punishment under the
Romans, iii, 70.

Fire-arms, Colonists need of, for
defence against Indians, xi, 41.
First Consul, Napoleon made, ix,
122, 124.

"First Principles," H. Spencer's,
xiv, 118, 123, 124, 126, 135.
Fiske, John.-(1842-1902.) Amer-
ican historical writer, his "Be-
ginnings of New England,” xi,
38.
Flame-Engine, Ericsson's, xiv, 203.
Flanders, xi, 35.

Flavii, The, supplant the edifices
of Nero, iii, 106.
Flavius, Amphitheatre of, iii, 103.
Fleetwood, Charles.-(d. 1692.)

Cromwellian officer, xiii, 378.
Flemish weavers in England, vi,

"Florida," The, United States war.
ship, xiv, 227, 228.
"Flying Dutchman," The (1843),
Wagner's, xiv, 29, 30, 36-41.
Foch, Ferdinand.—(1851-.) Gen-

eralissimo of Allied Armies, XV,
101; development as military
genius, 101-103; family history
of, 103-106; influence of French
history on life, 105, 106; early
education of, 106; chooses army
for profession, 107; enters
Jesuit College at Metz, 108;
part in Franco-Prussian War,
109; physical characteristics,
110; enters Ecole Polytech-
nique, 111; commissioned sec-
ond lieutenant, 111, 112; ad-
mitted to Saumur Cavalry
School, 112; is made Captain,
112; marriage, 112; religion,
113; technical expert in artil-
lery, 114; assistant professor
at Staff College, 115; tribute by
Charles Dawbarn, 115; in com-
mand of Artillery, 116; made
Brigadier General, and at-
tached to General Staff in Paris,
116; made Director of Staff
College, 116; writes treatises
on military arts, 117-120; in
command of Twentieth Corps of
de Castelnau's Second Army,
121; skill in Battle of Trouée
de Charmes, 121, 122; given
command of Ninth Army, 122,
123; position in Battle of the
Marne, 123-125; given Grand
Cross of the Legion of Honor,
125; made assistant to Com-
mander-in-Chief, 126; in com-
mand of the Northern Front,
126; popularity with British
commanders, 126; forced by ill-
to resign command, 127;
forms committee to draw plans

ness

for future conduct of the war,
128, 129; successful plans for
assistance to Italy, 129; ac-
quaintance with Lloyd George,
129; Commander-in-Chief of Al-
lied Armies, 131; receives com-
mand of American forces, 131;
works to create a body of re-
serve, 132; tribute by Lloyd
George, 134; tributes by Lord
French and Lord Crewe, 135;
makes counter-attack at Chateau-
Thierry, 136, 137; decreed Mar-
shal of France, 137; services to
France after
war, 137, 138;

Foch today, 138.

Foch, Julie Bienvenue, wife of
Ferdinand Foch, xv, 112.
Fontainebleau, Treaty of (1807),
ix, 146.

Foote, Andrew Hull.-(1806-63.)
American commodore, xii, 298,
299, 206.

Force Bill, The, xii, 202; Cal.
houn's speech on, 207.

Ford, Henry.-(1863- .) American
Industrial Genius, xvi, 237;
birth, 237; early interest in
mechanics, 238; marriage, 238;
dislike of "society," 239, 240;
Museum of Americanism, 240,
242; purchase of Wayside Inn,
240, 241; learns mechanic's
trade, 242; organizes Ford
Automobile Company, 242, 243;
Highland Park plant, 243, 244;
River Rouge plant, 244-247;
leader in industrial justice,
247-250; cares nothing for
money, 250; religion, 250, 251;
taste in literature, 251, 252;
love for home, 252; recreation,
252, 253; optimism, 253, 254;
politics, 254-257; buys Ford
Hospital, 257-259;
past and

future, 259, 260.

For location of Volumes in Books,

"Foresters," The, Tennyson's pas-
toral play, xiii, 472.
Forgery under Roman law, iii, 69.
"Fors Clavigera," Ruskin's,
xiv,

104, 105.

Fort Bowyer, Mobile Point, de-
fence of, by Major Lawrence and
General Andrew Jackson, xii, 37.
Fort Mims, Ala., Indian attack on,
xii, 33.

Foster v. Neilson, Case of, xii, 356.
Fountains Abbey, Cistercian mon-
astery of, vi, 260.
Fouquet,

Nicolas. (1 6 1 5-8 0.)
French marquis and financier,
vii, 158.

Fourth of July celebrations, XI,
275.

Fox, Charles James.-(1749-1806.)
English statesman and orator,
xi, 95; xiii, 259.

Fox, George.-(1624-91.) Founder
of the Society of Friends
(Quakers), i, 267; viii, 235;

Franklin, Benjamin. (1706-90.)
American philosopher and diplo
mat, xi, 52; a founder of Amer-
ican Republic, 55; birth, par-
entage, and trade, 55; bent of
mind and early career, 56-58;
printer and editor, 59; marriage,
60; popularity, 62; his homely
philosophy and making of prev
erbs, 62; postmaster and
prominent citizen of Phila., 65;
Poor Richard's Almanac, 62, 65;
attains independence, 66; scien-
tific investigator, 67; experi-
ments in electricity, 68, 69; in-
vents "Franklin Stove," 70; pub-
lic-spirit, 70; diplomat, 73, 74;
difficulties met with in his Eng-
lish mission, 74, 75; returns to
America, 76; member of the
Assembly, 76; again sent to
England, 80; hostility toward
him, 81; seeks to repeal Stamp
Act, 81; succeeds after exami-
nation by House of Commons,
81, 82; storm over Governor
Hutchinson's letters, 83, 84;
member of Continental Congress
and postmaster-general, 85, 86;
envoy to France, 86; important
services there, 92-95; relieved
after nine years' labors and re-
turns to America, 98, 99; mem-
ber of Continental convention,
100; death, and eulogy in Con-
gress, 101; lived to see begin-
nings of French Revolution, 100;
his theological belief, 101; Nes-
tor of Assembly, 190; John
Adams's jealousy of, 228.
Franklin Library, Philadelphia, xi,
60; stove, 70.
"Fraser's
xiv, 105.
Frederic II, "the Great.”—(1712-
86.) King of Prussia (1740-86),
vii, 278; Carlyle's Life of, 354;
For location of Volumes in Books,

Magazine,” xiii, 209;