Pharisees. Belief in transmigra-
tion of souls, i, 41, 42; rise of
the sect, ii, 370; multiply fasts
and observances, 371; vii, 121.
Pharsalia, Cæsar defeats Pompey
in the battle of (48 B. C.), iii,
269.
Phidias.-(500-430 B. C.) Greek
sculptor, i, 250; example of art
among the Greeks, 283; lived.
in culminating period of Grecian
glory, 285; his statues of Mi-
nerva, 285; of Jupiter at
Olympia, 286; adorning of the
Parthenon, 285, 303; artists of
his age aided by the poets, his-
torians, and philosophers, 293;
distinguishing excellence, 286,
287; work of his scholars, 304,
305; sculptures of, iii, 97, 116-
118.
Philadelphia, British evacuation of
(1778), xi, 139.
Philadelphia, 1st Continental Con-
gress at (1774), xi, 50, 57-60,
70, 154.
Philadelphia
Constitutional Con-
vention, Hamilton a delegate, xi,
189.
Philip, King of Macedon.-(382-
336 B. C.) ii, 243; adopts and
improves on the Spartan
phalanx, iii, 248; adopts stand-
ing armies, 249.
Philip II.-King of Spain (1556-
98), his father, the Emperor
Charles V, bestows on him Spain
and the Low Countries, viii, 144.
Philip of Burgundy, vii, 102.
Philip of Spain, xiii, 466.
Philippa, Queen of Edward III.
(1312-69.) vii, 70.
Philistine Age, xiv, 73.
Philistines, The, ii, 35; smitten in
battle by Saul, 155, driven back
by David, 161.
Phillimore, Sir W. G.-(b. 1845.)
English jurist and legal writer,
xi, 357.
Philips, Mark.-English politician,
X, 79.
Phillips, Wendell. (1811-84.)
American orator and abolition-
ist, xi, 77, 224; xii, 154.
Phillips Academy, Exeter, Webster
fitted for college at, xii, 148.
Philology, Science of, 1, 69, 70.
Philosophers, Greek, ii, 118.
Philosopher's Stone, and Elixir of
Life, in China, root of Chem-
istry of the West; xiv, 264.
Philosophy, Ancient, i, 183; Greek
distinctive feature of ancient
civilization, 185; platonic, 220;
a system of dialectics, 328;
Stoic, 232.
"Philosophy of Clothes," Carlyle's,
xiii, 214.
Philosophy, Roman and Greek, i,
237;
Greek, as exemplified in
Socrates, 249.
For location of Volumes in Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
Phoenicia, Bel (Baal) chief deity
of, 1, 45; people of, 44.
Phoenician trading posts, xiv, 385.
Phtha (Ptha).-The "father of be-
ginnings," who made the sun,
moon, and earth, i, 33; Apis
bulls maintained in temple of,
40.
Picardy, loss of population (1704),
Piccolomini, Octavio, Prince.-
(1599-1656.) Imperialist gen-
eral in Thirty Years' War, viii,
152.
Pickett, George E.
Confederate general
War, xii, 323, 337.
"Pickwick," Dickens's novel, vii,
367.
Piedmont (Sardinia), Throne of,
under Charles Felix and Charles
Albert, x, 109; under Victor
Emmanuel II, 118; Napoleon's
conquest of (1796), 107, 108,
109, 117, 127, 139, 142, 144,
145.
Pierce, Franklin. (1804-69.)
President of the United States
(1852), xii, 257.
Pietro della Francesca.
Pindar. (522-443 B. C.) Greek
lyric poet, his artistic skill, 1,
323.
Pinto, Serpa.
Scientific value of
his work in Africa, xiv, 312.
Pisa, Battle of, Michael Angelo's
cartoon of, vi, 198.
Pisa, Leaning tower of, vi, 468,
469.
Pitt, William.—(1708-77.) Earl of
Chatham, viii, 384; xi, 74, 83,
84; xiii, 217, 245; Macaulay's
essay on, 258, 266.
Pitt, William, the Younger.-
(1759-1806.) English Whig
statesman, xi, 98, 319.
Pius IX. Pope (1846-78), x, 115.
Pizarro, Francisco.— (1471-1541.)
Discovers Peru (1524), vi, 118;
conqueror of Peru, vii, 118; ex-
plorations in the cities of, xiv,
389.
Planets worshipped by early pagaa
nations, i, 34.
Plantations, Lords of the Commit-
tee for, unfriendly to the Penns,
xi, 75.
Planters, Patrician, xi, 268; South-
ern aristocratic, 292, 294; aris-
tocracy of, xi, 292; Virginian,
269, 297.
Plato. (427-347 B. C.) Greek
philosopher, triumph of phi-
losophy from Thales's day to his,
i, 183, 184, 192, 214, 215; rise
of, 216; skill in composition,
217; abstract ideas, 217, 218;
vital principle of his philosophy,
219; Platonic philosophy, 220-
223; disciples of, 222; death,
223; acceptance of Socrates's
method, 225; erects reason to s
science, 226; the basis of knowl
edge, 226; imbued with Soe-
rates's spirit, 236; Socrates's
chosen disciple, 264; his
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. For location of Volumes in Books,
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
Poet Laureate (Tennyson), xiii,
439, 448, 450, 457, 472.
Poetry, Fashion and popularity of,
in Scott's day, xiii, 93.
"Poetry, Spirit of Modern," xiii,
439.
Poictiers, Battle of (1356), vii, 74.
Poisoning under Roman law, iii, 69.
Poincaré, Raymond. (1860- .)
President of France, xv, 44; re-
lations with Lloyd George, 44,
45; love for formality, 292;
compared with Clemenceau, 289,
290.
Poland.
Prussia, Austria, and
Russia interfere in her affairs
(1772), partition of her terri-
tory, viii, 392; Russia obtains,
ix, 162; dismemberment, X,
153, 154, 204, 252; history of,
xv, 408; writers of, 408; music
of, 409.
Polar Sea, Frobisher penetrates
the, viii, 87.
Pole, Reginald, Cardinal.-(1500-
58.) vii, 227.
Poles, insurrection of (1831), x,
204.
Polignac, Prince Jules.
(1780-
1847.) French diplomat, ix, 44,
216.
Political economy, xii, 314.
Political equality, xii, 312.
Political Morality, ix, 67. See
Burke, Edmund.
Political parties, American, Rise of,
xi, 164; xii, 50.
Political power in the West, xii,
270.
Political
troubles with Great
Britain (1761), xi, 222.
Political wire pullers, xii, 204.
Politicians, Machine, xii, 204.
Politics, a game, xii, 204.
Politics, Personal, xii, 23.
Jackson, President Andrew.
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. For location of Volumes in, Books,
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
463 B. C.). Greek painter, i,
307; iii, 130, 131, 134.
Polyphemus, Ulysses in the cave
of, x, 252.
Polytheism, Egyptian, complex and
contradictory, i, 33; idolatry a
sequence of, 52; of Greece, 111.
Pomerania, Gustavus Adolphus in,
viii, 164.
Pompadour, Marquise de.-(1721-
64.) Mistress of Louis XV, vi,
327; vii, 163, 193, 251; viil,
300, 311, 313, 316, 317, 320,
322.
Pompeii, Excavations at, iii, 105.
Pompey, Roman general.
48 B. C.) Cæsar lauds him in
the Senate, iv, 74; gaining su-
preme power and being opposed
by the aristocratic nobles under
Pompey, Cæsar defeats the Ro-
man legions of Pompey, who
flies from the field of Pharsalia
and in Egypt is murdered, 93;
vii, 37.
Ponchartrain, Lake, xil, 39.
Pontifex Maximus.-Chief of the
College of Priests in ancient
Rome, i, 136, 137.
Pontiff, Roman, x, 101; Pontifical
States, 126.
Pontine Marshes, Rome, Cæsar
plans to drain them, iv, 95.
Poor Law Amendment, English
(1834), x, 56.
"Poor Richard's" Almanac, xi, 62,
63, 65, 94.
Pope, Alexander.
(1688-1744.)
English poet, vii, 199, 354; xiii,
93, 97, 136; his "Dunciad,"
211; Macaulay's admiration of,
281.
Pope, General John. · (1822-92.)
American general, threatens
Richmond, xii, 330, 346, 350.
Pope, The, "Scarlet mother of
abominations," Luther's vitupera-
tive phrase, vi, 247; vii, 61.
Popes, the Papal Church and Em-
pire, v, 101, 102. See Hilde-
brand.
Port Arthur seized by Russia from
China (1898), xiv, 295.
Porte, Christian subjects of the, X,
152; declares war on Russia,
174.
Portland, Duke of (Lord Wm.
Bentinck). English statesman
and prime minister (1807-09),
ix, 247.
Port-Royal, Cistercian abbey for
nuns, near Paris, viii, 323.
Port Royalists, French, famous for
their schools and learning, vii,
140.
Portuguese merchants in Canton in
16th cent., xiv, 264.
Poseidon (Neptune).-God of the
sea, i, 115, 120.
Posidonius.-(circa 1st cent. B.C.),
Greek Stoic philosopher, physi-
cal geography researches, iii,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. For location of Volumes in Books,
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
American sculptor, his "Greek
Slave," i, 305; iii, 126; vi, 192.
Poyser, Mrs. (in George Eliot's
"Adam Bede"), vii, 366, 380.
Praed, W. Mackworth.
39.) English poet, xiii, 250.
"Præterita," Ruskin's, xiv, 80.
Prætor, Roman, iii, 64.
Prætorian cohort, Augustus's body.
guards, iii, 265.
Prague, Battle of (1620), won by
Catholic imperialists, viii, 148.
Pratt, Charles, Earl Camden.
(1714-94.) English jurist, xi,
75, 77, 83.
Praxiteles. (4th cent. B. C.)
Greek sculptor, his undraped
Venuses, i, 304, 305; iii, 119,
120.
Preachers, Great early Christian,
iv, 214, 218.
Prelatical Power. See Becket,
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, xiv,
Pre-Raphaelitism, xiv, 82, 87.
Presbyterianism, xi, 37.
Presbyterian party in English Civil
War, viii, 224.
Presbyterians and Cromwell, viii,
235.
Presbyterians of Scotland in time
of Queen Elizabeth, viii, 83,
114.
Prescott, William. (1726.95.)
American general at Bunker
Hill (June, 1775), xi, 115.
Presidential aspirations, Jeffer
son's, xi, 295; Clay's, xii, 138.
Press, European, fettered, x, 264.
Preston, Battle of, and defeat of
the Scotch royalists (1648), viii,
222.
"Prevailing opinions and morals,"
Hannah More on, vii, 327.
Priam, King of Troy, City of, xiv,
386.
Price, Richard.-(1723-91.)
lish philosophical writer, xi, 75.
Pride, the chief cause of downfall
of royal favorites, vii, 202.
Priestley, Joseph.
(1733-1804.)
English natural philosopher, xi,
75.
Priestly caste in Egypt and India,
Terrible power of, 1, 51.
Priests, Egyptian, Profound knowl
edge of, ii, 70; taught future re-
wards and punishments, 71.
Primitive man, Revelation to, i,
31; revelation, ii, 28, 30.
"Prince of Experimental Philoso-
phy" (Faraday), xiv, 393.
"Prince of Letters," Chinese aca-
demic degree (Chuang Yuen),
xiv, 273.
"Princess," The, Tennyson's, xiii,
444.
For location of Volumes in, Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
|