Acme. [Gr.] (Rhet.) The extreme height of pathos or sentiment to which the hearer is led by a climax [Gr. кλîμağ, a ladder] or series of impressions, each more intense than the preceding. An 9 ACTI I am produced.] (Bot.) One of the primary Acœmētæ. [Gr. aкolunτos, sleepless.] Acrolith. [Gr. åкpóλieos, from ăкpos, exorder of nuns of the fourth century; so called because, in their convents, the offices were said treme, xi0os, stone.] A name given to the oldest without interruption day and night. In the Greek statues, the body being still of wood and following century an order of monks was estab-draped, but the extremities, head, arms, feet, of marble; marking the transition into marble lished at Constantinople, for the like purpose. statuary. Acolyte. [Gr. àkóλovoos, follower, O. E. colet.] One of the minor ecclesiastical orders who attends the priest in the ministry of the altar. Acon. (Naut.) A flat-bottomed boat, Medi terranean. Aconite. [Gr. ȧkóviτov, L. aconitum.] Monkshood (Aconitum Napellus), ord. Ranunculaceæ. A poisonous plant, with long tapering root, divided leaves, and tall stems bearing racemes of purple flowers; cultivated in gardens for ornament and for medicinal purposes; root sometimes mistaken for horse-radish, with fatal results. Acotyledonous. [Gr. à neg., KoTUλndwν, a cup-shaped cavity.] (Bot.) Vegetating without the aid of cotyledons, or seed-lobes;= Linnæan Cryptogamia, e.g. ferns, lichens, mosses. Acoustics. [Gг. ȧKOVσTIKÓS, having to do with hearing.] The theory of sound. Acquest. [L. acquiro, I acquire.] Acquisition; in Law, property not inherited. Acquittance roll [Fr. acquitter, L. adquietare] shows the debts and credits of each noncommissioned officer and soldier of a regiment, and is signed monthly by him in acknowledgment of its accuracy. Acrăsia. [Gr. akpaola, incontinence.] In Spenser's Fairy Queen, an enchantress, personifying want of self-control. Acre. [L. ǎger, a field.] An area of 4840 com Acromonogrammaticum. [Gr. &крos, extreme, μóvos, only, yрáμμa, a letter.] A poetical con position of which every verse begins with the last letter of the preceding line. Acronychal. [Gr. åкрóvνxos, happening at A. when it rises as the sun sets and sets as nightfall.] The rising or setting of a star is The Cosmical rising and setting the sun rises. is the opposite, viz. the star rises as the sun Also spelt, incorrises and sets as the sun sets. rectly, Acronical. Acropolis. [Gr.] The citadel, or upper town Acrospire. The slight coil or curve [Gr. of a Greek city. σπεῖρα] at the end [ἄκρον] of the germinating seed, e.g. in barley. Acrostic. [Gr. aкpóσтixov, 1, the beginning of a verse, 2, an acrostic poem.] A piece of poetry in which the first letters-or, according to modern use of the word A., the first, or the last, or some central one-of every line, taken consecutively, make a word or a sentence. Acrotĕrion. [Gr. ȧxрwτplov, extremity.] (Arch.) A short pedestal for a statue, at the apex and the extremities of a pediment. Act, Acta. In Rome, records of public proceedings, as A. populi, Senatus, etc., at one time published as a kind of newspaper. Hence, in later times, Philosophical “Transactions," Acts of Parliament, Fr. acte authentique ; and to keep an act, i.e. perform a public exercise, for a degree. Acta Diurna. [L.] The records of the daily acts of the Senate, published by the order of Julius Cæsar. Acta Martyrum. [L.] Records of the suffer. St. Augustine speaks of Acrita [Gr. &κpitos, not exercising judgment, i.e. being almost destitute of sensation], i.q.ings of the martyrs. these records as being read to the people on their Protozoa (q.v.). festival days. Acrito-chromacy. The being unable to dis- Acro-. [Gr. akрos.] Topmost, extreme. Acroamatic, Acroatic. [Gr. àкpoāμăтiкós, de- Acrobat. [Gr. àкρóßăтos, from ăкpos, high, Baivw, I go.] A rope-dancer; and so a gymnast generally. Acrogens. [Gr. ἄκρος, topmost, γίγνομαι, -γεν, | Acta Sanctorum. [L.] A title given to the records of the lives of saints, the most celebrated collection being that of the Bollandists. (Sanctorale.) Actes. [Fr.] In Fr. Law, documents (Act), e.g. A. de décès, de mariage, certificates of death, marriage. Actian Games. (Hist.) Games celebrated at Actium, on the Ambracian Gulf, in honour of Apollo, and renewed with increased splendour by Octavius after his victory over M. Antonius. Actinia. [Gr. dктís, áктivos, a ray of the sun.] Sea-anemone, giving its name to fam. Actinĭdæ, | Fr. diamant; and another is Fr. aimant, a loadclass Actinozōa, sub-class Cœlentĕrāta. Actinic rays. [Gr. dktís, åktivos, a ray of the sun.] The rays of the spectrum by which chemical changes are produced, as in photo. graphy. Actinograph. [Gr. ȧкrís, ypάpw, I write.] An instrument for registering variations in the intensity of the actinic rays. Actinolite. [Gr. dкrís, λídos, a stone.] A crystallized mineral, green; a prismatic variety of hornblende. Actinometer. [Gr. åkтís, μéтpov, measure.] An instrument for measuring the intensity of the sun's radiant heat. Action. [L. actiō, -nem.] (Mil.) An engagement of minor proportions to those of a battle. Action of a moving system, or Quantity of Action, is a quantity proportional to the average kinetic energy of the system during a certain time, multiplied by the time. (For Action and Reaction, vide Reaction.) Act of God, By the. In Law; caused by something beyond human control, as a lightning stroke, a hurricane. Actuality. [L. actuālis, belonging to an act.] Real existence of some state, quality, or action; opposed to Potentiality (q.v.), and to that which is Virtual (q.v.). Actuary. [L. actuarius.] 1. In the Roman courts, an officer who drew up contracts and other instruments in the presence of the magistrate. 2. The registering clerk of Convocation. 3. A calculator of the value of life interests, annuities, etc. In Actum est de. [L.] All is over with. Actus non făcit reum, nisi mens sit rea. Law; the act does not make a man a criminal, unless the intention be criminal. Aculeate. [L. ǎculeus, a sting, sharp point.] (Bot.) Covered with prickles, which are cellular; while thorns or spines grow from the wood, and are stiff shortened branches. Acuminate leaf [L. acumen, a point] has a projecting, tapering point, e.g. the common reed; Acute being simply pointed. Acupressure. (Med.) The occlusion of an artery by the pressure [L. pressūra] of a needle [ăcus] in such a way as to arrest the circulation through, or the hemorrhage from it. Acupuncture. (Med.) Pricking [L. punctura] of the affected parts with a needle [ăcus], for remedial purposes. Acute disease [L. ǎcūtus, sharp] is opposed to Chronic; acute sound or accent to grave; acute angle is less than, obtuse more than, 90o. Acuyari. (Bot.) The wood of the Icica altissima, a resinous tree of Guiana. Adactyle. [Gr. å neg., dáктuλos, finger, toe.] Zool.) Without separated toes, as the horse. Adage. [L. ădăgium.] A proverb. stone. Adamantine spar. Brown sapphire. rundum.) (Co Adamites. A name applied to sects which, in the early Christian centuries, and again in the twelfth and fifteenth, professed to imitate Adam's primitive state of innocence. Adam's apple. The prominence in men's throats, made by the top front angle of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. (Thyroid.) Adam's needle. (Yucca.) Adams, Parson. A poor curate and scholar Fielding's Joseph Andrews; type of a thoroughly simple manly Christian. in Adam's Peak. A mountain in Ceylon, associated with the name of Adam and of Buddha, whose supposed foot-print, seen near the summit, attracts yearly thousands of pilgrims. Ad ǎmussim. [L.] Lit. to the carpenter's rule; exactly. Adansonia. (Baobab.) Adar. [Heb., (?) fire, splendour.] Esth. iii., ix.; sixth month of Jewish civil, twelfth of ecclesiastical year; February--March. Ve-adar, i.e. additional A. = intercalary month. Adatis. A fine cotton cloth of India. Ad Călendas Græcas [L., to the Greek Calends], i.e. never. (Calends.) Ad captandum. [L., for catching] Addressed to prejudice, fancy, ignorance, rather than to well-informed reason. Ad crumēnam, Argumentum. [L., argument to the purse.] An argument addressed to one's power of or interest in spending. Adda. Small burrowing lizard (Scincus officinalis), supposed to be remedial in leprosy and all cutaneous diseases. Arabia, Egypt, Nubia. Addendum. [L., a thing to be added.] In mechanics, the distance by which the teeth of a toothed wheel project beyond the pitch circle. Adder. [A.S. nædre, an adder, properly nadder, a swimming or water-snake; some refer it to A. S. attor, poison] (Bibl.) Four Heb. words are in the Authorized Version represented by adder or asp. 1. Pěthen, the cobra. Shephiphon, the cerastes, or horned viper. 3. Akshub, a species of viper. 4. Tsiphoni, cockatrice (Isa. xi. 8), perhaps the cerastēs. 2. Adder's tongue. (Bot.) Ophioglossum vulgātum, the type of an order of ferns; so named from the shape of the spike into which the spore-cases are collected. Addicti. (Nexi.) Addiction. [L. addictio, -nem.] In Rom. Law, the assignment of goods or slaves to another by sale or the legal sentence of the prætor. Addison's disease (described by Dr. Addison, of Guy's Hospital), or Bronzeď skin. A state of anæmia, languor, irritable stomach, etc., associated with disease of the supra-renal capsules. Adagio. [It.] (Mus.) Slowly, leisurely. Additament. [L. additus, added.] An addition. ADDL Addled Parliament. A Parliament of 1614; so called because it had passed no Acts before it (Parliament.) was dismissed by James I. Addlings. (Naut.) Savings of pay. colnshire phrase, to addle is to earn. Addorsed. [L. ad, to, dorsum, a back.] Back to back. Adductor. (Abductor.) In Lin 2. (Chem. and Med.) Not acting one way or Ad interim. [L.] In the mean while. A Adelantado. [Sp., one who is promoted.] governor of a province in the Spanish kingdom. Adelphi. A district south of the Strand, close to Charing Cross; so called from the architects, four Scotch brothers [Gr. ddeλpoí] Adams. Adelphia. (Bot.) Linnæan name for a collection, a brotherhood [Gr. ¿deλpós, a brother] of stamens united by filaments in a bundle. If all are in one bundle, Linnæan class xvi., the plants are Monadelphia; if in two, class xvii., Diadelphia; if in three or more, class xviii., Polyadelphia. A demi jeu, -voix. [Fr.] With half the power of the instrument, the voice. Ademption. [L. ademptio, nem, a taking away, a seizure.] (Leg.) Alienating the subject of a legacy during testator's life. Aden-, Adeno-. (Med.) Having to do with a gland [Gr. adhy]. Adept. Skilled. [L. adeptus, one who has acquired, i.e. the art of alchemy; part. of ădipiscor, I acquire.] Adessenarians. [L. adesse, to be present.] (Eccl. Hist.) Persons holding that there is a real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, but denying that it is effected by transubstantiation. Adipose tissue. [L. ǎdeps, soft fat, opposed to sebum, hard fat.] An aggregation of minute spherical closed vesicles of fat. Adit. [L. ǎdītus, an approach.] A horizontal entrance to a mine. Adjective. (Substantive, Nouns.) Adjective colours [L. adjectīvus, that which is added] require some base or mordant to fix them for dyeing. Adjustment. (Naut.) Insurance; the process by which the net amount receivable under a 1. The rearranging policy is determined. Adjustment of compass. of deranged parts of it. 2. Compensation, i.e. Adjutant. [L. adjuto, I assist.] An officer, lieutenant or captain, acting as assistant to the commanding officer; charged with instruction in drill; with the interior discipline, duties, and efficiency of the regiment; the control of the staff-sergeants and band; and having the charge of all documents and correspondence, as well as being the channel of communication for all orders. Adjutant bird. (Argala.) Adjutant-General. A field officer or general officer, performing similar but superior duties to those of an adjutant (q.v.), for a general comAd eundem. [L.] Said of a graduate of one university admitted to the same degree [grădum]manding either a division (q.v.) or a whole at another. 2. Adhesion. [L. adhæsio, -nem, from adhæreo, I stick to.] 1. The force of attraction exerted between the surfaces of bodies in contact. (Surg.) The reunion of parts that have been severed. 3. (Path.) The morbid union of parts naturally separated, but contiguous. Ad hoc, Argumentum [L., argument for this], i.e. of particular not general application. Ad hominem, Argumentum. [L., argument to the man.] Addressed to a man's special interest or feelings. Adhuc sub judice lis est. [L.] The matter in dispute is not yet decided; is still under the judge. Adiabatic curves. [Gr. adiáßătos, not to be passed.] Show the relation between the volume and pressure of vapour when no heat is allowed to pass in or out of the vessel containing it. Adiantum. [Gr. åðíavrov, unwetted, à neg., very great. (Maidenhair.) Adiaphorous. [Gr. àðiápopos.] 1. Indifferent. army. Ad leones. [L, to the lions.] A cry often raised against those of the early Christians who would not sacrifice to the deified Cæsar. Ad lib., i.e. ad libitum. [L.] At pleasure. The art or practice of Admeasurement. measuring according to rule. Adminicular. [L. adminĭcŭlum, a prop, ad, to, mănus, a hand.] Supporting, helping. Adminiculum. [L., a prop, support.] Generally used = evidence in support of other evidence. Administration, Letters of. 1. Granted by the Probate Court, formerly by the ordinary, to one 2. In Politics, the A. is the executive appointed to distribute the effects of an intestate person. power, as distinguished from the constitution; but is generally used as the Cabinet or the Ministry. Admirable Crichton. (Crichton.) Doctor Mirabilis, Admirable Doctor, The. Friar Roger Bacon (1214–1292). Admiral. [O. Fr. amirail, Ar. amír, prince, chief.] Formerly often the leading vessel in a fleet. Admiral; Vice-A.; Rear-A.; A. of Fleet. (Rank.) In the Newfoundland fisheries, the first three vessels to arrive are the A., Vice-A., and Rear-A., respectively. Admittatur. [L.] In some American colleges, a certificate of admission; let him be admitted. Adumbration. [L. adumbratio, -nem, an outline, sketch in shadow.] An imperfect account. Adunation. [L. ǎdūnātio, -nem.] A making into one. or claw of the tiger. Admonitionists. A name denoting those Puritans who, in 1571, sent an "admonition" to Parliament, condemning everything in the Church of England which did not harmonize with the doctrine of Geneva. Aduncity. [L. ǎduncĭta, -tem.] (Zool.) HookAdmonitions to Parliament, First and Second.edness, crookedness, as in the beak of the eagle A volume of addresses, drawn up under Cartwright (1535-1603), sometime Margaret Professor at Cambridge, bitterly denouncing Church doctrine and discipline. Bishop Cooper, of Winchester, answered in an Admonition to the People of England, at Whitgift's suggestion. Admortization. [L. ad, to, mortem, death.] Ad valorem. [L.] In Finance, a term denotIn feudal times, reduction of property to mort-ing the market value of commodities imported main (q.v.). and liable to a customs rate, varying according to the quality of the article or the measure of its supply. Adnate. [L. adnātus, grown to.] (Bot.) Growing to anything by the whole surface, e.g. an ovary united to the side of a calyx. Ad nauseam. [L] To a sickening degree; lit. to sea-sickness [Gr. vavola, vaûs, a ship]. Adobe. [Sp. adobár, Fr. adouber, to prepare, dress.] A sun-dried brick. Adolescence. [L. ǎdolescentia, adolesco, I grow up.] The period between fourteen in males, twelve in females, and twenty-one years of age. Adonic verse. The last line of a Sapphic stanza, consisting of a dactyl and a spondee. Adonize. To deck one's self like Adonis, the darling of Aphrodite (Venus), who died from a wound inflicted by the tusk of a wild boar. Aphrodite changed his blood into flowers: hence the name Adonis given to a gen. of ord. Ranunculaceæ. Adopter, or Adapter. (Chem.) A two-necked receiver, placed between a retort and another receiver, increasing the length of the neck of the retort, and giving more space to elastic vapours. Adoptians. A name given to the followers of some Spanish bishops in the eighth century, who maintained that as to His humanity Christ was only the adopted Son of the Father.-Milman, History of Latin Christianity, bk. v. ch. i. Adoration. (Acclamation.) Adpressed. (Bot.) Brought into contact without adhering. Ad quod damnum. [L.] A writ to the sheriff, to inquire to what damage to the king or the public the granting of certain liberties might be. Ad rem. [L., to the thing.] To the purpose, point. Adscititious, Ascititious. [L. adscisco, sup. adscitum, I receive, adopt.] Taken in so as to complete; supplemental. Adscriptus glebæ. [L.] One who is attached to the soil; a serf. (Villein.) Adsum. [L., I am here.] Answer to one's name at some schools, as at Charterhouse; "calling over" or "roll-call." Adullamites. A term applied by Mr. Bright in the session of 1866 to Mr. Horsman and the members who joined him in his objections to the Reform Bill then before the House of Commons; in reference to the action of David in the cave of Adullam (1 Sam. xxii. 1, 2). Adulterine guilds. Unchartered trading societies, acting as a corporation and paying annual fines. Ad unguem. [L.] To a nicety; lit. to the nail, with which sculptors tested the smoothness of surface in their finished works. Adust. [L. ǎdustus, ǎdūro, I scorch.] Burnt up, scorched. Advanced guard. A detachment preceding the main body of troops on a march, for the purpose of guarding against surprise. Advanced works. Constructed beyond the glacis of a fortification, but still capable of being defended from the body of the place. Advance money. (Naut.) Wages advanced to a sailor previous to his embarkation. To work up the dead horse is to clear off this advance. Advance note. (Naut.) A written promise to pay a part of a sailor's wages at a given time after his sailing. It was negotiable; but it ceased to be so after August 1, 1881, by 43 and 44 Vict., c. 16. Adventitious. [L. adventĭcius, foreign, strange.] 1. Added from without, not inherent in the thing itself; as the dread of an idol. 2. (Bot.) Appearing in an unusual way, eg. root fibres from the stems of ivy, banyan. 3. (Med.) Foreign to the structure or tissue in which it is found. Adventure, Bill of. (Com.) A signed declaration that shipped goods belong to another person who takes the hazard of transport. Adversaria. [L., i.e. scripta, writings, turned adversus, towards one's self.] A commonplace book; memoranda lying in front of one. Adversifoliate. [L. adversus, opposite, folium, a leaf.] (Bot.) Having opposite leaves. (Alternate.) Advertise. [L. ad, to, verto, I turn.] To give notice or information to. Advertisements of Elizabeth. May, 1566. Injunctions, monitions, for attainment of uniformity in public worship; having the force of law, according to Ridsdale judgment, May, 1877; but this decision is questioned, and the matter not unlikely to be reconsidered. Advice. [L. ad, to, visum, opinion, through O. Fr. à vis, It. avviso.] Commercial and journalistic notice, information. Ad vivum. [L.] To the quick. Advocate. In Theology. (Paraclete.) Advocate, Lord. Chief Crown lawyer in Scotland. Advocates, Ecclesiastical. (Doctors' Commons.) Advocatus diaboli. [L., It. Avvocato del diavolo.] Devil's advocate. One who brings forward every possible objection to a proposed canonization, and is answered by A. Dei; hence = one who brings a charge in order to give opportunity of vindication. Advowson. [L. advocatio, -nem, the act or relation of advocatus = patrōnus.] (Eccl.) The right in perpetuity to present to a living; appen- | dant, when annexed to land; in gross, when it has become separated. Adynamic illness. [Gr. à neg., dúvăμs, power.] (Med.) Illness characterized by want of power. Adytum. [L., Gr. &duтov, not to be trodden.] The shrine of an ancient temple; called Secos in the temples of Egypt. Cf. Holy of holies. Adze, Addice. [A.S. adese, an axe; cf. L. ascia, Gr. àşivn.] Wood too rough, or not conveniently placed, for planing, is dressed with an A., a mattock-like instrument, with blade arching inwards, the edge being at right angles to the handle. Echmălōtarch. [Gr. aixμáλwros, taken with the spear, pxw, I rule.] (Hist.) The governor of the captive Jews in Chaldæa and elsewhere, called by the Jews themselves Rosch-galuth or Resch Glutha, chief of the Captivity. Edile. [L. ædilis, from ædes, a building.] A Roman magistrate who had charge of buildings, public works, theatrical performances, games, and markets, and of the registers of legislative measures. There were first two Plebeian Ediles; afterwards two Curule (q.v.) E. were added. Egilops. [Gr. aiylλwų, goat-eyed.] 1. (Med.) An ulcer in the eye. 2. A grass supposed to have the power of healing this disease." Eginētan marbles. Figures-pre-Phidianfrom pediment of a temple of Athena in Ægīna, now restored, in the Glyptotheke at Munich. They represent the goddess and eight chief heroes of the Trojan war. Egis. [Gr. aiyis.] The mythic shield of Zeus (Jupiter), covered with the skin of the goat Amalthæa, which had nursed him, and given by him to Athena, who by fixing on it the head of Medusa gave to it the power of petrifying all who looked at it. (Gorgon.) Egrescit mědendo. [L.] Lit. he grows worse by the healing; the remedy makes matters worse. -Virgil. Egrōtat. [L., he is sick.] He cannot attend examination for honours, lectures, hall, etc. Aei-parthenos. [Gr., ever virgin.] A title of the Virgin Mary. = Ael, Eal, Al, i.q. all [A.S. eal]; as Aelwin = all-conquering, Albert, all-bright, illustrious. Elf-= help, Aelfwin = helping in victory. [A.S. helpan, to aid.]; also elf, as Elfgifu, gift of the elves, like the Gr. Nymphodōros. Emilian Provinces. (Emilian.) Eneid. The great poem of Virgil, relating the wanderings of Æneas after the fall of Troy, and his settlement in Italy. As compared with the genuine epic poems which have sprung from the traditions of the people, the Æ. is an artificial epic. Eolian. Anything relating to the Greek windgod Aiolos, Eõlus, the guardian of the winds, which he kept pent up in bags in his vast cave. Eolian attachment. [L. Æŏlus, god of winds.] Converts a piano into a wind instrument by bellows attached to the pedal. (Eolian harp.) Eolian harp. Eight or ten strings of catgut in unison, stretched across a light wooden box, placed in a current of air and producing harmonic sounds. Eolian mode. (Greek modes.) Eolic. In Gr. Hist., a name by which some tribes were known who did not belong to the Doric or Ionic stock. Eolipile, Eolipile. [L. Æŏlus, god of winds, pila, a playing-ball, a globe.] A hollow globe mounted so as to be capable of rotation round a diameter, containing water and furnished with two nozzles in opposite directions at right angles to a diameter and at opposite ends of it. When the water is heated, jets of steam come out of the nozzles, and make the sphere turn round the diameter, round which it is free to move. Often spelt Eolipyle, incorrectly. Eons. [Gr. alwves, ages.] By this name the Gnostics, referring to an order of time in their generation, designated the genealogies of superior intelligences, among these being the Demiurge [dnulovpyós], or creator of the world out of matter, who was regarded as proceeding from the evil principle. Era, Era. [L.] In Chronology, the amount of time reckoned from some given epoch, the Christian era dating from the birth of Christ. (Hegira; Nabonassar, Era of; Yezdigerd, Era of.) Erarian. [L. ærarius.] A Roman citizen who had become a mere payer of money [æs, æris] for the support of the State; in other words, had been degraded to the lowest rank. (Proletarian.) Erārium. [L.] The public treasury of the Roman plebs, or commonalty. Aerated waters. Charged with gas, usually carbonic acid, under pressure. Aerial perspective. [L. aěrius, from aër, air.] The art of expressing the relative distance of objects in a picture by such faintness of colour as may answer to the amount of air or distance between them and the spectator. Aerodynamics. [Gr. ἀήρ, ἀέρος, air, δύναμις, power.] The science of air currents or winds. Aerography. [Gr. àhp, air, ypȧpw, I write, draw.] The science of describing the atmosphere. Aerolith, -lite [Gr. anp, the atmosphere, Xioos, a stone], or Meteorite [ueréwpos, high in the air]. A body, stony or metallic, which, coming within the earth's attraction, and ignited by friction with the atmosphere, appears as 'falling star." Aerophytes. (Epiphytes.) Aery. (Eyry.) a Eruginous. [L. ærūginem, copper rust.] Partaking of verdigris, rust (carbonate) of copper. Esculapian. Anything relating to Esculapius [Gr. Asklepios], son of Apollo, worshipped as the god of surgery and medicine. Esculus. [L.] A gen. of plants, ord. Hippocastanea; the best known species is the Æ. Hippocastanum, horse chestnut. |