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duce a new artistic element, which lends a touch of nature to the processional figures (Petersen, p. 165), but that hardly saves the figures of the grown-up persons from dull monotony.

Slabs XI., XII.—The former from a cast in the British Museum; the original in Athens. Carrey's drawing gives the whole of this chariot group, extending over these two slabs. We have already called attention to the wonderful charm and beauty of Slab XI., so far as it exists now (p. 119). The chariot has come on too fast. A young man acting as marshal, 44, has rushed to the heads of the horses to stop them before they dash in among the men in front, the last of whom turn round in some alarm. His right hand catches an end of his mantle, folds show between right arm and side, rich drapery separates his shoulder from the horse's head. The legs of the horses are more deeply relieved than in any other part of the frieze, yet the surface of the relief is kept flat, and this helps to give it the appearance of a clear, smooth stream. The charioteer, chariot, and apobates are wanting. The chariots of the north frieze, except in Slab XIV., have the pin of the yoke and the gear for gathering the reins sculptured on the marble, in contrast to those of the south frieze, which had these adjuncts in metal if at all. Slab XII.-Mainly in the British Museum; the upper part of 47 from a cast in the British Museum; the original in Athens. Here the young man, 47, has leapt from his chariot and turned as if in the act of defending himself like a hero in battle. Consistently with his title of an apobates, he might leap up and down in the course of the procession. He is not to be supposed as defending

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himself against the oncoming chariot, though he appears in that act in Carrey's drawing, which shows him with the shield raised. On the breast of his cuirass is a deep socket for the attachment of some ornament, such as a Gorgon's mask in metal. The charioteer, 46, dressed as a girl, is hanging far back in the chariot; only his hold on the reins can save him. Apparently this extreme, not to say perilous, attitude is due in part to the intervention of the guide, 45, at the further side of the chariot.

Slab XIII.-From a cast in the British Museum; the original in Athens. The rest of this slab, given in our plate as XIIIa., is from Carrey. Two fragments of the marshal, 48, and of the apobates, 50, have been placed conjecturally here since our photograph was made.

Slab XIV. In the British Museum; the fore parts of the horses given in XIIIa. from Carrey. The drapery of the guide, 51, and the mane of the horse are roughly sculptured. The apobates is in the act of stepping down; the left leg is extremely beautiful. Curiously enough, there is a stone on the ground just where the foot touches. No indication of the yoke pin.

Slabs XV., XVI.-Only a fragment remains, showing part of the charioteer and apobates, with the legs of the oncoming horses. This fragment is in Athens, but a cast of it is in the British Museum. We give these two slabs in full, as drawn by Carrey (Pl. XVII.). The apobates carries shield on arm, but is dressed as a woman, with chiton girt both at waist and under the breasts.

Slab XVII. From a cast in the British Museum; the original in Athens. We have already spoken (p. 119) in the

highest praise of the figure of the apobates, 57, in the act of letting himself down from the chariot. Behind him the marshal, 58, makes a somewhat unusual display of himself and his mantle. His bodily forms are large, broad and almost heavy, presenting an even balance to the ample himation. The action of both arms also are in fine contrast. With more room this figure would, perhaps, be more effective; he is close pressed on the right by the head of one horse and the fore legs of two.

Slab XVIII.-In the British Museum. The guide, as usual at the farther side of the horses, is here in a placid attitude turning to the charioteer, and in close converse with him, his left hand on his arm. The right hand of the guide, resting on the crupper of a horse, has the fingers bent, expressive of some eagerness. Here also the composition of the group is very compact as compared with the open order of some of the preceding chariots (Slabs XIII.–XVI.). Both the charioteer and apobates are much destroyed.

Slab XIX.-From a cast in the British Museum; the original in Athens. The guide, 62, is more energetic than in the preceding slab, but the composition of the group is almost as compact. A large fragment of an apobates, of which a cast is in the British Museum from the 'original in Athens, has been assigned to the right side of the slab by Mr. Arthur Smith (Sculptures of the Parthenon, 2nd ed. p. 94). See our Pl. XVI., Fig. 7. The nearest horse has his nearer legs advanced, contrary to the general rule in the chariot groups.

Slabs XX., XXI.-For the sake of convenience we accept with Michaelis a horse's head in Athens as part of

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