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pagan world, under the different designations of Jupiter, Baal, Osiris, Brahm, &c., Adam reappearing in Noah.

"The above system of theology will be found, on examination, to correspond with remarkable accuracy to the general system adopted by the subjects of Nimrod's kingdom before their dispersion, and which was afterward carried by them into the various countries where they settled.

source.

“The Yih-king is the Chinese authority on cosmogony, and the doctrines of the Chinese philosophers are derived from this The doctrine of the endless succession of worlds, as drawn from ancient classics, by Choo-foo-tsze (ii. 1), has striking points of resemblance to that taught by the Stoics. Choo-tsye attributes the destruction of each universe to the degeneracy of the human race, and also states that each return to chaos is caused by a general deluge.

6

"These rounds of nature are designated 'Great Revolutions,' or Years' of the world. The circle in which the universe is supposed to revolve is divided into twelve portions. - pp. 404, 405.

"Each complete revolution of this circle is called a Yuen, and each subdivision a Hwuy. A Hwuy is generally supposed to consist of 10,800 years. On this point, however, philosophers differ. In the first Hwuy, which answers to the Fuh diagram of the Yih-king, Heaven (Shang-ti) emerges from the ovum mundi, or chaos; in the second, Earth; in the third, Man each world commencing with this triad. The deluge prevails during the twelfth and last Hwuy,- that is, the ninth period from the formation of the first man,*— and on the return to the first

* Or the tenth, including the period of the first man. Noah was the tenth generation from the first, or Adam; and can there be a reasonable doubt but that the name mentioned in the next sentence of the inventor of the cycle of sixty is that of the patriarch of the Hebrew Scriptures? Let it be noted how the word Yuen resembles the Greek Alor, to which it corresponds in meaning.

Hwuy, the universe is again generated from chaos, as before. The cycle, which is formed by the combination of this circle with another of ten divisions, is said to have been invented by 'Naou the Great,' after the deluge. See Kae-peih-yeu-e, vol. i. pp. 1, 2; also Kang-këen, etc., p. 11."

N. Page 324.

THE CELTS IN EUROPE.

THE following remarks of the translator of Dr. Keller's work are worthy of notice:

"With respect to the name and ethnographical determination of the people who lived partly in lake dwellings and partly on the main land, and who at first made use of stone implements, and consequently are considered as aborigines, any one who has a fancy may object to their having any relationship with the Celtic element, and attribute to them a Finnish or Iberian origin, or connect them with the race of men discovered by Boucher de Perthes. Thus far it is certain that they do not differ in the smallest degree, either in their abilities, their manner of life, or their industrial attainments, from the people who were provided with metals, but that in the whole phenomena of lake dwellings, from their very beginning to the end of their existence, a gradual, quiet, peaceful development may be observed.

"From what has been said, it appears certain that there is no foundation for the hypothesis that the inhabitants of the lake dwellings are to be separated into distinct races, because, in the earliest times, they had no metal instruments, and in later times they possessed them. Nothing can be more true than the remark of Lindenschmidt respecting such suppositions as to the change of nationalities, based simply on a difference in implements. 'The simple exchange of material,' he says, 'the transition from

the use of stone to that of metal, is in itself not a sufficient ground for inferring a change of population. It is not so important as the change of the spear to fire-arms, and if, at every advance of this kind, an entire change of population were to be supposed, the history of civilization would only have to relate the migrations of nations.'*

"With respect to the immigration of the Celts into Europe, this event belongs to the primitive history of the peopling of our part of the world, and is shrouded in impenetrable darkness. No tradition speaks of the Celts pressing forward toward the countries in the possession of which we subsequently find them; though the Druids, on the other hand, taught that the Gauls were aborigines. At the very first appearance of historical narrative,† they appear in the far west of the Iberian peninsula, and afterward as the first among the great northern nations which pressed forward eastward from their homes in the west."

- p. 398.

Lindenschmidt, Die Vaterländischen Alterthumer, p. 159.

↑ Herodotus, iii. 33; iv. 49.

INDEX.

Abraham, date of, 25.

Aborigines, 152; of Egypt, 158; of In-
dia, 163; of Western Europe, 166, 320.
Abu-Mâshar, 45.

Abydenus. 92,

Abydos, 92.

Adamite race 154.

Etna, lava of, 313.
Africanus, 54, 68, 77, 78.
Agassiz, his views, 172; discussion
with Bachman and Smyth, 172; his
Natural Provinces, 173, 175, 183; on
unity of species, 177; estimate of his
theory, 179; plural origin of man ex-
ceptional, 205.

Agglutinative languages, 222.
Alpa Camasca, 240.

American Fauna, peculiar, 204.

Amiot, 123, 124.

Anamim, 160.

Anianus, 55, 96.

of, 277.

Astronomy of the Chinese, 130.
Asshur, Assyrians, 146.
Augustus, name on the zodiacs, 64.
Autochthons, 153.
Avataras, 254.

Bachman's discussion with Agassiz,
172; his doctrine of unity, 184, 187;
on monumental figures of animals,
200; on the single origin of species,
204.

Beaumont, de, on Somme valley, 317.
Berosus, 92, 94.

Biot, M., 66.

Birch, Dr. S., 57.

Boëckh, 71; his chronological sys-

tem, 25,

Bone fossil near Natchez, 293.

Book of the dead, 57.

Bopp's comparative grammar, 214.

Borings in the Nile valley, 287.

Antediluvian generations, 33; myth Brahma, legend of, 241.

Antesemitic period, 156.

Antiquities of Egypt, 49.

Apamea, 249.

Apollodorus, 55, 74; Bunsen's testi-

mony of, 75.

Arabic languages, 217.

Aram, 171.

Aramaic languages, 217.

Ark, myths of the, 281.

Armenian version of Eusebius, 69.

Arphaxad, 147.

Aryan languages, 215.

Ashkenaz, 148.

Asiatic Society at Calcutta, 213.
Astronomical inscriptions in Egypt,

61.

Brasen-nose College 265.

Brick in Nile valley, 288, 293.

Brugsch's chronology, 66, 71.
Bryant on mythology, 266.
Bundehesh, the book, 245.
Bunsen's chronology 24; his sneer,
59; identifies one hundred and ten
Egyptian kings, 79.

Cabiri, myths of the, 283.

Cain and his wife, 171, 180.

Cainan, 35, 44.

Calepin of Egypt, 67.

Calippus, period of, 134.

Callisthenes, 92, 101.
Canaan, 151.

Canon of Ptolemy, 40.

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Chaldean chronology, 91; tıɛdition Deluge, traditions of, 246, Mexican

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Changes in races, 195; in languages, Demigods, reign of, 60.

229.

Charles X., 63.

Chinese astronomy, 130; characters,
131; chronology, 120, 133; language,
220; traditions of the flood, 252; year,

126.

Chronology of the Scriptures, 31; of
antediluvian generations, 33: from
flood to Abraham, 34; Abraham to
exodus, 35; exodus to the temple,
36; temple to birth of Christ, 40.
Chronology of Chaldeans, 91; of
Chinese, 120; of Egyptians, 48; of
Greece and Rome, 85.
Chronological systems. 24; of Bun-
sen, 24; of Boëckh, 25; of Rodier,
27.

Cimbri, Cimmerians, 148.

Claims of modern science, 23.
Clemens Alexandrinus, 50.
Clinton on O. T. chronology, 37.
Comparison of Hebrew and Septua-
gint, 23.

Confucius, author of Shu-king, 137.
Confusion of tongues, 224.
Copts, 151, 160.

Coxcox, legend of, 246.

Creation, date of, 25; myths of, 275.
Curse of Ham, 174.
Cush and his family, 150.

Cycle of sixty years, 122, 126, 129.
Cynocephali, myth of the, 269.

Dana, on unity of species, 186; on
hybrids, 187; definition of species,
193; single origin of species, 203.
Dasyas, 164.

Date of creation, 25, 44; of the flood,
25; of Menes, 25, 26; of Abraham,

Denderah, zodiac of, 61.

Deucalion and Pyrrha, 249.
Diodorus Siculus, 50, 51, 52.
Diogenes Laertius, 52.
Discrepancies in Egyptian annals,

56.

Diversities in races superficial, 183.
Dodanim, 149.

Domestic animals, changes in, 202.
Dove, myths of the, 282.

Duns, on the growth of peat, 313.
Dupuis, 65. *

Dynasties of Egypt, 69.

Dynasties, contemporaneous, 82.
Dyacks, traditions of creation, 240.

Earlier and later departures from the
primitive seats, 155.

Egyptian history, 48; books, 50; abo-

rigines, 158; language, 161; tradition
of flood, 253.

Egyptians, physical features of, 150.
Elam, Elamites, 146.
Elishah, 149.

Era of the Trojan war, 88.
Eratosthenes, 74; director of Alex-
andrian library, 75; Bunsen's testi-
mony of, 75; his date of Trojan
war, 88.

Ethnology, argument from, 144.
Ethiopian can change his skin, 199.
Eudoxus, 58.
Eupolemus, 46.
Eusebius, 53, 59, 68, 78.
Exodus, date of, 25, 36.

Feridun and his sons, 284.
Fiint implements, 304, 315.
Forgery of early annals, 61.

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