pagan world, under the different designations of Jupiter, Baal, Osiris, Brahm, &c., Adam reappearing in Noah. "The above system of theology will be found, on examination, to correspond with remarkable accuracy to the general system adopted by the subjects of Nimrod's kingdom before their dispersion, and which was afterward carried by them into the various countries where they settled. "The Yih-king is the Chinese authority on cosmogony, and the doctrines of the Chinese philosophers are derived from this source. The doctrine of the endless succession of worlds, as drawn from ancient classics, by Choo-foo-tsze (ii. 1), has striking points of resemblance to that taught by the Stoics. Choo-tsye attributes the destruction of each universe to the degeneracy of the human race, and also states that each return to chaos is caused by a general deluge. "These rounds of nature are designated 'Great Revolutions,' or Years' of the world. The circle in which the universe is supposed to revolve is divided into twelve portions. 405. pp. 404, "Each complete revolution of this circle is called a Yuen, and each subdivision a Hwuy. A Hwuy is generally supposed to. consist of 10,800 years. On this point, however, philosophers differ. In the first Hwuy, which answers to the Fuh diagram of the Yih-king, Heaven (Shang-ti) emerges from the ovum mundi, or chaos; in the second, Earth; in the third, Man each world commencing with this triad. The deluge prevails during the twelfth and last Hwuy,- that is, the ninth period from the formation of the first man,*. and on the return to the firs * Or the tenth, including the period of the first man. Noah was the tenth generation from the first, or Adam; and can there be a reasonable doubt but that the name mentioned in the next sentence of the inventor of the cycle of sixty is that of the patriarch of the Hebrew Scriptures? Let it be noted how the word Yuen resembles the Greek Alwr, to which it corresponds in meaning. Hwuy, the universe is again generated from chaos, as before. The cycle, which is formed by the combination of this circle with another of ten divisions, is said to have been invented by 'Naou the Great,' after the deluge. See Kae-peih-yeu-e, vol. i. pp. 1, 2; also Kang-këen, etc., p. 1I.” N. Page 324. THE CELTS IN EUROPE. THE following remarks of the translator of Dr. Keller's work are worthy of notice: "With respect to the name and ethnographical determination of the people who lived partly in lake dwellings and partly on the main land, and who at first made use of stone implements, and consequently are considered as aborigines, any one who has a fancy may object to their having any relationship with the Celtic element, and attribute to them a Finnish or Iberian origin, or connect them with the race of men discovered by Boucher de Perthes. Thus far it is certain that they do not differ in the smallest degree, either in their abilities, their manner of life, or their industrial attainments, from the people who were provided with metals, but that in the whole phenomena of lake dwellings, from their very beginning to the end of their existence, a gradual, quiet, peaceful development may be observed. "From what has been said, it appears certain that there is no foundation for the hypothesis that the inhabitants of the lake dwellings are to be separated into distinct races, because, in the earliest times, they had no metal instruments, and in later times they possessed them. Nothing can be more true than the remark of Lindenschmidt respecting such suppositions as to the change of nationalities, based simply on a difference in implements. 'The simple exchange of material,' he says, 'the transition from the use of stone to that of metal, is in itself not a sufficient ground for inferring a change of population. It is not so important as the change of the spear to fire-arms, and if, at every advance of this kind, an entire change of population were to be supposed, the history of civilization would only have to relate the migrations of nations.'* "With respect to the immigration of the Celts into Europe, this event belongs to the primitive history of the peopling of our part of the world, and is shrouded in impenetrable darkness. No tradition speaks of the Celts pressing forward toward the countries in the possession of which we subsequently find them; though the Druids, on the other hand, taught that the Gauls were aborigines. At the very first appearance of historical narrative,† they appear in the far west of the Iberian peninsula, and afterward as the first among the great northern nations which pressed forward eastward from their homes in the west." - p. 398. * Lindenschmidt, Die Vaterländischen Alterthumer, p. 159. ↑ Herodotus, iii. 33; iv. 49. INDEX. Abraham, date of, 25. Adamite race 154. Etna, lava of, 313. Agglutinative languages, 222. American Fauna, peculiar, 204. Amiot, 123, 124. Astronomy of the Chinese, 130. Bachman's discussion with Agassiz, Beaumont, de, on Somme valley, 317. Biot, M., 66. Birch, Dr. S., 57. Boëckh, 71; his chronological sys- Bone fossil near Natchez, 293. Anamim, 160. Anianus, 55, 96. of, 277. Antediluvian generations, 33; myth Brahma, legend of, 241. Antesemitic period, 156. Antiquities of Egypt, 49. Brasen-nose College 265. Brugsch's chronology, 66, 71. Apamea, 249. Bryant on mythology, 266. Apollodorus, 55, 74; Bunsen's testi- Bundehesh, the book, 245. mony of, 75. Arabic languages, 217. Aram, 171. Aramaic languages, 217. Ark, myths of the, 281. Armenian version of Eusebius, 69. Arphaxad, 147. Aryan languages, 215. Ashkenaz, 148. Asiatic Society at Calcutta, 213. Astronomical inscriptions in Egypt, 61. Bunsen's chronology 24; his sneer, 59; identifies one hundred and ten Cabiri, myths of the, 283. Cain and his wife, 171, 180. Cainan, 35, 44. Calepin of Egypt, 67. Calippus, period of, 134. Callisthenes, 92, 101. Canon of Ptolemy, 40. Caphtorim, 151, 160. Casluhim, 160. Castes in India, 242. Castor, 55. 25; of the exodus, 25; of earliest Dates, Egyptian chronology with- Chaldean chronology, 91; tradition Deluge, traditions of, 246, Mexican Changes in races, 195; in languages, Demigods, reign of, 60. 220. Charles X., 63. Chinese astronomy, 130; characters, 126. 27. Cimbri, Cimmerians, 148. Claims of modern science, 23. Confucius, author of Shu-king, 137. Coxcox, legend of, 246. Creation, date of, 25; myths of, 275. Cush and his family, 150. Cycle of sixty years, 122, 126, 129. Dana, on unity of species, 186; on Date of creation, 25, 44; of the flood, Denderah, zodiac of, 61. 55. Diversities in races superficial, 183. Domestic animals, changes in, 202. Duns, on the growth of peat, 313. Dynasties of Egypt, 69. Dynasties, contemporaneous, 82. Earlier and later departures from the Egyptian history, 48; books, 50; abo- Egyptians, physical features of, 150. Era of the Trojan war, 88. Ethnology, argument from, 144. Eusebius, 53, 59, 68, 78. Feridun and his sons, 284. |