brother of his soul, and to obtain his sanction to the step he was about to take. The interview between these two generous and high-minded young men is deeply interesting; and although there are longer speeches in the historical Scriptures, there is no conversation-with the natural changes of interlocution— reported at equal length. The object of David was to convince his friend of the reality of the danger he was in, and the necessity of his departure. This was opposed by Jonathan, partly from the love he bore to David, and from the pain he would feel in being for an indefinitely long period separated from him, and partly from the charity that thinketh no evil, rendering him reluctant to judge harshly of his father. He could not bring himself to believe that, after the oath which Saul had taken to make no attempt against David's life, he had any real intention to destroy him. He urged that he was in his father's confidence, and would surely have known had any such intention existed. The reader will do well to note the admirable delicacy of David's reply to this: "Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes, and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this lest he be grieved; but truly, as the Lord liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.' To avoid giving pain to Jonathan, he avoids expressing or implying that his father had any distrust of him, and gives it quite another turn, as if Saul concealed his designs upon David from his son only to spare his feelings.

Jonathan could not, however, be satisfied without further proof of his father's present state of feeling towards David. He probably hoped, from David's account, that whatever had been his intentions, a more effectual change had been wrought in him at Ramah than his friend supposed. To satisfy him, David agreed to defer his flight. It was arranged that he should visit his family at Bethlehem, and return in three days to his former place of concealment, near the stone of Ezel, where, by a concerted signal, Jonathan was to apprise him of the result of his inquiry, it being uncertain but that he might be so watched, as to render another interview unsafe. The next day was the feast of the new moon, when the king was

wont to entertain the high officers of his court; and David, as his son-in-law, and a high military officer, had a seat at his table. Saul knew that David had been seen at Gibeah, and concluded that the change which he had seen come over himself at Naioth, had led him to think that there was nothing more to fear. He therefore expected he would appear in his place at the feast; but his place remained empty. The king made no remark then, supposing that some accident prevented his attendance, and that he would doubtless be present the following day; for that day also was a feast for the proclamation of the new moon, according to its actual appearing; and the appearance being uncertain, sometimes in the evening, at noon, or at midnight, two days were observed as a feast in honour of the occasion. Still David was absent, and Saul asked Jonathan, with all the indifference he could assume, 'Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday nor to-day?' Jonathan answered, that he had asked for, and obtained, his permission to attend a family celebration at Bethlehem. On hearing this, the king could restrain himself no longer. Looking upon his son as one who was infatuated, by his love for David, into madly throwing away his own prospects and those of his house, he broke forth into violent and insulting abuse of him. To any Oriental, nothing is so grievously insulting as a reproach cast upon his mother; so Saul, to sting his son to the uttermost, spoke contemptuously of his mother, regardless of the fact that Jonathan's mother was his own wife: Thou son of the perverse, rebellious woman,' etc. There are some traces of this form of abuse, in principle, among the least refined portion of our own population; but in the East, no man is too high or too refined to be above it. Even a son will abuse his brother by casting contumely upon his mother, regardless of the fact that she is also his own mother, and whom, as such, he venerates and loves.1 The mother herself is not held to be affronted in such cases, but the son who hears such words ap

1 So Antar to his uterine brother: Thou base-born! thou son of a foul mother! thou didst instigate my master to beat me.'-Journal of Sacred Literature, v. 25.

plied to her is insulted, and is meant to be insulted, beyond expiation. Jonathan, however, remembered that the man who spoke was his father, and that the lot of his friend was in the balance; so he restrained himself, and the king went on to tell him that while the son of Jesse lived, the prospect of his own inheritance of the crown was nothing worth. This was the first time that Saul expressed that conviction, showing that the previous flight of David to Samuel had turned into certainty the suspicions he had before entertained. Even this did not move the firm friendship of Jonathan, who seems to have, before this, reached the conviction that David was indeed the man chosen of God to reign-according to the announcement of Samuel, which must have been known to him-and to have brought his mind to acquiesce in it, seeing that the man so chosen was one whom he loved as his own soul. It was in the recollection of this, among the other manifestations of his deep and selfsacrificing affection, that David, in a later day, characterized Jonathan's regard for him in the memorable words, ‘Thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women.' So now, in this trying moment, Jonathan ventured to speak for his friend, urging justly that a man was to be judged by his acts and intentions, and that those of David were laudable and pure. 'Wherefore,' he asked, 'shall he be slain? What hath he done?' The answer was from the javelin of the infuriated king, which this time he cast at his own son. He missed his aim; and his son, regardless of the insult and danger to himself, but seeing from this that his father was determined to slay David, arose from the table and went out in fierce anger,' leaving his food untasted.

Early the next morning he went out with his bow into the field, where David was concealed, attended by a boy, the words used to whom, in directing him to find the arrows which his master shot, as if at a mark, formed the signal previously agreed upon. The signal was that of danger. But the lad having been sent back to the town with the arrows, and there being no one in sight, the two friends could not refuse themselves the satisfaction of one more farewell interview. It is, and was,

the custom, in approaching a sovereign or prince, to pause, and bow at regulated intervals. Xenophon ascribes the origin of the practice to Cyrus ; but it was of earlier date, although he may have first introduced it among the Persians. David thus testified the respect due to Jonathan's high station, in advancing to meet him; but when they came near, everything but their heart-brotherhood was forgotten: They kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.' But time was precious, and delay dangerous; so, bidding each other hastily farewell, they separated, to have but one more interview in life.

6

Thirty-Fourth Week-Third Day.

DAVID AT NOB.-I SAMUEL XXI.

THE tabernacle was at this time at Nob. This place must have been in the immediate vicinity of Jerusalem, on the Mount of Olives, or a continuation of this ridge, a little north of its summit and north-east of the city; but no trace of it has yet been discovered. This may be taken to have been not more than five miles south from Gibeah. It was to this place that David repaired after his separation from Jonathan. As the Sabbath-or the sunset of Friday-had already commenced when he reached Nob, and as it was not lawful to travel on the Sabbath-day, it seems to us that, seeing it was not safe for him to remain at Gibeah, and the little time which remained before the commencement of the Sabbath would preclude further travelling, he had concluded to go to Nob as a place of safety, till the termination of the holy day should enable him to resume his journey. At that place he would be safe, because, supposing his presence there were known, no one could travel thither after him on the Sabbath-day, neither could any one who might be at Nob when he came, go to Gibeah to give intelligence of his arrival. It may be supposed, therefore, that David went to Nob first, because it was just at a sufficient distance for him 1 Cyropædia 1. viii. c. 23.

to reach it before the commencement of the Sabbath; and this being the case, he would prefer it to other places equally within reach, not only from its being, as a sanctuary, a place of greater safety than any other, but from the natural desire, that the last Sabbath he was likely for some time to enjoy in the land, should be spent in that holy place, and among the servants of the Lord.

There seems ground for suspecting that, from the time of his parting with Jonathan—if not, indeed, from the time of his leaving Naioth-David had lost some of his trust in God. In contemplation of the implacable hatred with which he was pursued, and the dangers which beset all his movements, and in the face of the now publicly avowed intention to destroy him, his heart failed him, and he no longer rested secure in the confidence of the Lord's all-sufficient protection. He felt that his position was altered. Hitherto he had to meet, or rather to evade, what had been the private, unreasoning, and fluctuating antipathy of Saul. But now, the king no longer had any reserves or restraints; he had publicly denounced him as marked for slaughter; publicly declared his belief that he was a traitor who aimed at the crown, and with whom no terms were any longer to be kept. The fact that he had been anointed by Samuel was now publicly known-even the Philistines knew it; and David could not but feel that the public knowledge of that fact laid upon him heavy responsibilities, from which he had been before exempt; and that it was impossible now to hope for any reconciliation with a prince of Saul's temper, or to expect any safety while within his reach. He might have reflected that all these things did but tend to bring his claims and destination into public notice; that the pursuing hatred of the king was in fact but the means of working out the plan of the Lord's providence towards him; and that it offered no real ground of discouragement or fear to one who believed that He was well able to accomplish all the purposes of his will. His plain course had been, 'by patient continuance in well-doing,' to put to shame the calumnies of malicious men; and, while taking all reasonable care for his own safety,