ledged him to be the mightiest man in those controversies that his age hath produced."-WOOD: Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., iii. 171, (q. v.)

"His plain preaching was good, solid disputing better, pious living best of all good."-FULLER: Worthies, ed. 1840, i. 134. See, also, Clark's Lives; Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog.; Joseph Mede's Works.

Twitte, Thomas. iii. 8, Oxon., 1640, 4to. 1643, 4to.

1. Concio ad Clerum, 1 Pet. 2. Serm., Acts xvi. 30, 31, Twopenny, Richard. Dissertations on some Parts of the Old and New Testaments which have been supposed Unsuitable to the Divine Attributes, Lon., 1824, 8vo.

Twycross, Ed. 1. Mansions of England and Wales, (Lancashire,) Lon., 1847-48, 3 vols. r. 4to, £9 98. 2. Seats of Hertfordshire Delineated, 1850, imp. fol.

Twycross, Rev. J. See WORDSWORTH, CHRISTOPHER, D.D., No. 26.

Twyne, Brian, grandson of the succeeding, b. 1579, in 1605 became Probationer Fellow of, and in 1614 Greek Reader in, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and afterwards Vicar of Rye; under direction of Laud, drew up the University statute, for which, in 1634, he was made Custus Archivorum (founded for him) at Oxford, and held this post until his death, 1644.

Antiquitatis Academiæ Oxoniensis Apologia, in tres Libros divisa, Authore Briano Twyno, Oxon., 1608, sm.

4to.

"In eo libro, præter subactissimum judicium, etiam varia Ozon Lib., ii. 241.

lectionis indicia passim spurguntur."-WOOD: Hist. and Antiq.

Very amply refutes all Dr. Caius's [see CAIUS, JOHN] arguments for the seniority of his Cantabrigians."-BISHOP NICOL SUN: Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, 127.

See, also, Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii. 108; Smith's Univ. College: Strype's Parker; Letters by Em. Persons, 1813, 3 vols. 8vo.

Twyne, John, grandfather of the preceding, educated at New Hall, Oxford, became Head-Master of the Free School at Canterbury, and in 1553 mayor of the city: d. 1581. De Rebus Albionicis Britannicis atque Anglicis Commentariorum Libri duo, Lon., 1590, 8vo. “John Twine . . . appears indeed to have been a man of extraordinary knowledge in the histories and antiquities of this kingdom."-BISHOP NICOLSON: Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, 3.

He bequeathed some MSS. to Corpus Christi College. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., i. 463; Warton's Eng.

Poet.

Twyne, John, son of the preceding, was the author of some verses prefixed to books.

Twyne, Lawrence, brother of the preceding, was the author of some encomiastic verses prefixed to books. "Lawrence Twyne is celebrated as the translator of the original story on which Shakspeare's 'Pericles' was founded, under the title of The Patterne of Painefull Adventures: the earliest impression we have seen of it was by W. Howe, in 1576, 4to."-J. P. COLLIER: Bibl. Acct. of Early Eng. Lit., 1865, voc. Phaer and Twyne.

The Patterne of Painefull Aduentures, Containing the most excellent, pleasant, and variable Historie of the strange accidents that befell vnto Prince Apollonius, the Lady Lucina his wife and Tharsia his daughter. Wherein the vncertaintie of this world, and the fickle state of mans life are liuely described. Gathered into English by Lavrence Twine, Gentleman, [of All Souls' College, Oxford, LL.B.] Imprinted at London by William How, 1576, 4to.

"No copy of so early an impression is, it is believed, known; but it was probably once in existence, for in that year it was licensed to How in the following terms: [xvij Julij, 1576.] Willm Howe. Receyved of him, for his license to ymprint a booke intituled the most excellent, pleasant, and variable Historie of the strange adventures of Prince Apollonius, Lucina his Wife, and Tharsa his Daughter. viijd. Imprinted at London by Valentine Simmes for the Widow Newman, n.d.. [but circa 1595,] 4to. Utterson, £7 78. This edition is republished (but not accurately) in Shakespeare's Library."-W. C. HAZLITT: Hand-Book, 1867, 10.

Twyne, Thomas, M.D., brother of the preceding, Probationer Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1564, d. 1613, aged 70, wrote and translated a number of tracts, &c., (some poetical,) q. v. in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 130. See, also, Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Gough's Topog.; Warton's Eng. Poet.; Collier's Bibl. Acct. of Early Eng. Lit., ed. N. York, 1866, iii. 189, iv. 179: Hazlitt's Hand-Book, 1867, 620; PHAER, THOMAS, No. 3.

Twysden, John, brother of the succeeding, was a physician and mathematician. 1. Disquisition touching the Sibylls and the Sibylline Writers, &c., Lon., 1662, Svo. 2. Medicina Veterum Vindicata; or an Answer to

Mr. Needham's Book entitled Medulla Medicinæ, 1666, Svo. 3. Use of the General Planisphere called the Analemma in Astronomy, 1685, 4to.

Twysden, Sir Roger, a profound antiquary, b. 1597, was confined seven years in prison for his loyalty to Charles I.; d. 1672. 1. Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores decem, &c., ex vetustis Manuscriptis, nune primum in Lucem editi, adjectis variis Lectionibus Glossario Indiceque copiosa, Lon., 1652, 2 vols. fol. Marquis of Townshend, 3260, £9. Large or fine paper, £12 128. See SELDEN, JOHN, No. 22; SOMNER, WILLIAM, No. 6. Not completed. See FULMAN, WM., No. 3; GALE, ThoMAS, D.D.; SAVILE, SIR HENRY, No. 2; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 161-2.

"Even the Puritans themselves, affecting to be Mæcenases, with Cromwell at their head, displayed something like a patriotic ardour in purchasing copies of this work as soon as it appeared."-HEARNE: Pref. to Tho. Otterbourne et Johan, Wethamstede, 16-24.

2. Historical Vindication of the Church of England in the Point of Schism, as it stands separated from the Roman, and was Reformed, 1° Elizabeth, 1657, 4to, some 1. p.; 1675, 4to. Ed. for the Syndics of the University Press, (by Prof. G. E. Corrie, p. 430, supra,) Camb., 1847, Svo. Contains additions from the author's notes. Highly commended in Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, xevi.: see, also, SANDERS, NICHOLAS, D.D., No. 11. See KEMBLE, JOHN MITCHELL; SPELMAN, SIR HENRY, Knt., No. 10; WYAT, GEORGE; Archæologia

Cantiana, vol. iii. et ante, (Sir Roger Twysden's Journal.) Notices of "this truly learned and religious Baronet" (Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 96) will be found in Betham's Baronetage and Collins's Baronage.

Tyas, G. Narrative of the Battle of Wakefield, Lon., 1854, 8vo.

Tyas, Rev. Robert, Queen's College, Cambridge. 1. Drawing-Book of Trees, Lon., 4 Parts, 1841. 2. The Wild Flowers of England, 12mo: Series 1, 1848; new ed., 1. p., p. 8vo, 1859; 1860; Series 2, 1851; Series 3, 1854: together, 1. p., p. 8vo, 1860. Commended by Court Jour., &c. 3. Sentiment of Flowers; or, Language of Flowers, 11th 1000, 1853, 32mo. Commended by Floricult. Mag. 4. Flowers of Heraldry, 1851, 12mo; 1854, 12mo. 5. Flowers from the Holy Land, 1851, 12mo. 7. Flowers from 6. Parochial Serms., Dec. 1852, p. 8vo. Foreign Lands, 1853, 12mo. 8. Beautiful Birds, 12mo: vols. i., ii., 1854; vol. iii., Dec. 1855.

Tye, Christopher, Mus. Doc., musical instructor to Prince Edward and perhaps other children of Henry VIII., and organist to the Chapel Royal under Elizabeth, composed many services and anthems of four and five parts. 1. A Notable Historye of Nastagio and Traversari, no less Pitiefull than Pleasaunt; out of Italian, Lon., 1569, 12mo. This is a poetical version of Boccaccio's Theodore and Honoria. Tye uses the same verse which he employs in-2. The Actes of the Appostles translated into Englyshe Metre, &c., 1553, s. 8vo. Bindley, £8 158. Again, same date. Contains chaps. i-xiv. inc. only all that Tye completed. For specimens of this performance, which was sung for a time in the royal chapel of Edward the Sixth, see Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, iii. 167-70. See, also, 377. We are assured that Dr. Tye,

"if compared with his contemporaries, was perhaps as good a poet as Sternhold, and as great a musician as Europe then could boast."-DR. BURNEY: Hist. of Music.

See, also, Hawkins's Hist. of Music; Brit. Bibliographer; Fuller's Worthies.

Svo.

Svo.

Tyerman, Daniel. 1. Two Serms., Lon., 1807, 2. Religion for the Aged, 1814, 8vo. 3. Essay on Baptism, 12mo. 4. Essays on the Wisdom of God, 1818, See Journal of Voyages and Travels, by the Rev. D. Tyerman and George Bennet, Esq., of the London Miss. Soc., 1821-29, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo; Bost., 1832, 3 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., Lon., 1841, imp. 8vo. Commended by Imp. Mag. and Lon. Lit. Gaz. Also reviewed in Amer. Quar. Rev., xii. 1.

Tyers, Thomas, b. 1726-1787, a great favourite in the literary circles where Johnson reigned supreme, was a son of the original embellisher of Vauxhall Gardens, and until 1785 himself a joint-proprietor thereof. 1. Political Conferences, Lon., 1780: 2d ed., 1781, 8vo. "Discovers a considerable share of learning, various knowledge, and discernment of character."-BOSWELL: Life of Johnson, year 1778. See Croker's ed., Index.

2. Historical Rhapsody on Pope, 2d ed., 1782, 8vo. 3. Historical Essay on Mr. Addison, 1783, 8vo. 4. Biographical Sketch of Dr. Samuel Johnson, 8vo, pp. 27.

"An entertaining little collection of fragments."-BoswELL: ubi supra.

5. Conversations Political and Familiar, 1784, 8vo. Anon. See Nichols's Lit. Anec., vii. 430, 696, (Index ;) Chalmers's Biog. Diet., xxx. 126.

Tylee, J. P. Observations on Galvanism, Lon.,

1848, 12mo.

Tyler, Alexander. Memoires, &c. of Thon the Great, third of that Name, present King of Poland, Edin., 1685, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 755, (q. v..) £3 13s. 6d.

Tyler, Bennet, D.D., a native of Middlebury, Conn., graduated at Yale College, 1804, was for fourteen years pastor of the church in South Britain, Conn.; President of Dartmouth College, 1822-28; pastor of the Second Congregational Society in Portland, Me., (succeeding Dr. E. Payson,) 1828-34; President of and Professor of Christian Theology in the Theological Institute of Con

necticut at East Windsor from 1834 until a short time before his death, May 14, 1858. The Sufferings of Christ confined to his Human Nature, Hartford, 12mo. See, also, NETTLETON, ASAHEL: SPRING, GARDINER, D.D.; TAYLOR, NATHANIEL W., D.D. After his death appeared Lectures on Theology; with a Memoir by Rev. Nahum Gale, D.D., May, 1859, 8vo. Reviewed in the New Englander, Aug. 1859, by Prof. Lawrence, of East

Windsor.

Tyler, Edward Royall, the founder, editor, and proprietor of The New Englander, graduated at Yale College, 1825, was a minister in Middletown, and then in Colebrooke, and d. 1848, aged 48. See N. Englander, vi. 603. (Obituary, by L. Bacon.)

Tyler, Rev. George P. Edited Revised Edition of Encyclopædia of Religious Knowledge, (see NEWTON, J. BROWN.) Brattle., 1858, r. 8vo; last ed., 1863, r. 8vo, pp. vi., 1275. Invaluable.

Tyler, James Endell, b. at Monmouth, 1789, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford, where he became Fellow, Dean, and Tutor: Rector of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London, 1826; Canon-Residentiary of St. Paul's, 1845; d. 1852. 1. Indices Attici, Lon., 1824, 12mo. 2. Oaths, their Origin, Nature, and History, 1834, p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1835, p. 8vo.

“His work is almost exclusively that of a divine and scholar,

and is more half sermon, half memoir, than a well-digested argument addressed to a specific end."-Edin. Rev., lix. 447.

"It is rather an historical sketch, not indeed very complete, of the practice of oaths, than a philosophical inquiry into their use and obligation."-Edin. Rev., Ixi. 390.

3. Conversations of a Father with his Children, 5th ed., 1840, 2 vols. 18mo. 4. Henry of Monmouth, (Henry the Fifth,) 1838, 2 vols. 8vo.

"His book is a failure."-Lon. Gent. Mag., 1838, ii. 284. "It will be found useful to the generality of readers."-Lon. Athen., 488.

See, also, 465, and Brit. Crit., xxv. 96.

5. Primitive Church Worship, 1840, 8vo; 1847, 8vo. "Distinguished for the accuracy of its research, the fairness of the reasoning, and the truly Christian spirit in which it is written."-Lon. Gent. Mag., 1841, i. 165.

6. A Father's Letters to his Son on Confirmation, 1843, 12mo. 7. Worship of the B. V. Mary in the Church of Rome, 1844, 8vo; 1847, 8vo. 8. Image-Worship of the Church of Rome, 1847, 8vo.

"It is a valuable assemblage of citations and arguments."— Lon. Gent. Mag., 1848, ii. 391. 9. Meditations from the Fathers of the First Five Centuries, 1849, 2 vols. 12mo. 10. Rector's Address to his Parishioners, 1851, 8vo. 11. The Christian's Hope in Death; Serms., 1852, 8vo. He also published some single sermons, 1828-37, and, it is believed, several anonymous works. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1852, i. 194, (Obituary.) Tyler, John, Preb. of Hereford, 1688; Dean of Hereford, 1692; Bishop of Llandaff, 1706; d. 1724. 1. Serm., 1 John iii. 3, Lon., 1694, 4to. 2. Serm., Eccles. viii. 14, 1707, 4to.

Tyler, John, b. in Charles City county, Va., 1790; M.C., 1816, '17, '19; Governor of Virginia, 1825, '26: U.S. Senator, 1827, '33: Vice-President U. S., 1841, and President, 1811-45; d. Jan. 18, 1862. Life and Speeches, N. York, 1844, 8vo. Occasional addresses, speeches, &c., pub. separately. See Poole's Index to Period. Lit., 1853, 489.

Tyler, Mrs. M. W. Book without a Title; or, Thrilling Events in the Life of Mira Dana, Bost., 1855, 12mo.

Tyler, O. B. Doctrines and Practice of the Christian Life, Lon., 1862, 12mo.

Tyler, Captain R. E. Questions of the Day: No. 1. Indian Revenue from India Opium, &c., Lon., 1857, 8vo.

Tyler, Ransom Hubert, b. in Leyden, Mass., 1815; Judge in Fulton co., N. York, 1851-56, and 1863 et seq. 1. The Bible and Social Reform; or, The Scriptures as a Means of Civilization, Phila., 1863, 12mo. Ecclesiastical Law: The Law of Religious Societies, See Evangel. Rev., (Gettysburg,) xii. 451. 2. American Church Governments and Creeds, Disturbing Religious Meetings, &c., Albany, 1866, 8vo. 3. Commentaries on the Law of Infancy, 1868, Svo. Edited The Oswego County Gazette, and contributed to the New York Observer, &c.

Tyler, Robert, son of President John Tyler, (supra.) 1. Ahasuerus; a Poem, by a Virginian, N. York, 1842, 12mo. 2. Death: or, Medoru's Dream; a Poem, 1843.

Tyler, Royall, b. in Boston, Mass., about 1756; graduated at Harvard, 1776; was for six years Associate Judge, and from 1800 to 1806 Chief Justice, of the Supreme Court of Vermont; d. 1826. 1. The Contract; a Comedy, Phila., 1790, 8vo. Produced April, 1786. 2. May-Day; or, New York in an Uproar; a Comedy. Produced May, 1786. 3. The Georgia Spec.; or, Land in the Moon; a Comedy. Produced 1797. 4. The Algerine Captive; or, The Life and Adventures of Doctor Updike Underhill, Six Years a Prisoner among the Algerines, Walpole, N.H., 1797, 2 vols. At least two edits. 5. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Vermont from 1800 to 1803, N. York, 1809-10, 2 vols. 8vo.

These Reports

"have been found to be so inaccurately and unfaithfully reported that they are rarely cited, and never relied on as authorities, even in our own courts; nor are the decisions made while he presided in the court at all regarded as law in Vermont.”— 3 Griff. L. R.. 2, n. ; 4 Cowen, 28.

He was the author of a number of poems contributed to The Farmer's Weekly Museum, and to The Port-Folio, (see The Spirit of The Farmer's Museum and Lay Preacher's Gazette, Walpole, N.H., 1801, 12mo,) Columbian left some unpublished dramatic productions. See DuyeCentinel, New England Galaxy, and Polyanthus, and kinek's Cyc. of Amer. Lit., ii. 415; Hall's Hist. of East Vermont, 1858, 8vo; Buckingham's Personal Memoirs, i. 56, 59; Buckingham's Spec. of Newspaper Lit.; Dunlap's Amer. Theatre, 72-3; Kettell, Specimens.

Royall Tyler had few equals, no superiors, among the wits of his day, a more marked distinction, probably, than he possessed either at the bar or on the bench."-A. P. PEABODY, D.D.: N. Amer. Rev., July, 1858, 281.

"He was a man of elegant manners, fine literary taste, and a learned judge."-WILLIAM WILLIS: Law, The Courts, and the Lawyers of Maine, 1863, 105.

Tyler, Samuel. Astronomy, N. York.

Tyler, Samuel. Ready Tax-Maker, Claremont, N.H. Tyler, Samuel, LL.D., b. 1809, in Prince George county, Maryland, was admitted to the Bar of Frederick City, 1831, and still (1870) retains this connection. In 1852 he was elected one of three Commissioners to simplify the Pleadings and Practice in all the Courts of the State, and in this capacity rendered valuable services. 1. Discourse on the Baconian Philosophy, Balt., 1844, 12mo; 2d ed., 1846, 12mo; again, N. York, 12mo. 2. Robert Burns as a Poet and as a Man, 1848, 12mo. Reviewed in Prince. Rev., xxi. 251. 3. The Progress of Philosophy in the Past and in the Future, Phila., 1858, 12mo; 2d ed., 1868. Composed of two articles-revised and modifiedoriginally published in South. Presby. Rev., Nov. 1856, and Prince. Rev., Oct. 1855.

"Mr. Tyler is second to no American metaphysical writer of the present generation." "-Prince. Rev.

"The first philosopher in America."-South. Presby. Rev., Jan. 1859.

"A gentleman alike distinguished as an advocate and writer on philosophy. His last work, on the Progress of Philosophy in the Past and Future, entitles him to a place among the profoundest writers on philosophy. His friend the late Sir William Hamilton acknowledged his great merits."-DR. FRANCIS LIEBER: On Civil Liberty and Self-Government, ed. 1859, 199, n.

See, also, the Rev. F. Wharton's Theism and Skepticism. Among his articles in periodicals are The Esthetic Influence of Nature, (Chris. Rev., Jan. 1856,) The Theory of the Beautiful, (South. Quar. Rev., April, 1856,) Sir William Hamilton, (Prince. Rev., Oct. 1859,) and God and Revelation, (Prince. Rev., Jan. 1862.) See, also, the list in the notice of Mr. Tyler in Duyckinck's Cyc. of Amer. Lit., 1856, ii. 519.

Tyler, Thomas. 1. Jehovah the Redeemer God, Edin., 1861, er. 8vo. 2. Christ the Lord, the Revealer of God, and the Fulfilment of the Prophetic Name Jehovah; with a Reply to Bishop Colenso on the Name "Jehovah," 1863, er. 8vo.

Tyler, W. S., D.D., b. at Harford, Penna., 1810; graduated at Amherst College, 1830; taught in Amherst

Academy one year, and was tutor in Amherst College two years studied theology at Andover; Professor of Greek and Latin in Amherst College, 1836, and of Greek alone, (Graves Professor,) 1847 to the present, (1870.) 1. The Germania and Agricola of Caius Cornelius Tacitus, [in Latin,] with Notes, for Colleges, N. York, 1847, &c., r. 12mo. A Life of Tacitus is prefixed. Commended by N. Amer. Rev., lxv. 509, Professors Felton, Owen, Taylor, &c. See, also, N. Englander, vi. 302, (by T. A. Thatcher:) Bibl Sacra, v. 180. 2. The Histories of Caius Cornelius Tacitus, [in Latin,] with Notes, for Colleges, 1849, &c., 12mo. Commended by Professors Hackett, Taylor, and Sturges. 3. Prayer for Colleges, 1855, 12mo; three edits. in 6 weeks; enlarged, 1861, 12mo. 4. Memoir of Rev. Henry Lobdell, M.D., Missionary at Mosul, Bost., 1859, 12mo. 5. Plato's Apology and Crito, [in Greek,] with Notes, N. York and Lon., 1860, 12mo. Mainly a reprint of Stallbaum's third ed., 1846. 6. The Theology of the Greek Poets, Bost., 1867, 12mo. wrote a prize tract for Amer. Tract. Soc., and contributed to Bibl. Repos., Method. Quar. Rev., Amer. Theolog. Rev., &c.

Also

Tylor, Charles. 1. Historical Tour in Franconia

in the Summer of 1852, Lon., 1852, 18mo.

"Literally there is nothing in it."-Lon. Athen., 1853, 18. 2. Memoir and Diary of John Yeardley, Minister of the Gospel, Edited, 1859, 8vo.

3. With BACK HOUSE, JAMES, Life and Labours of George Washington Walker, late of Hobart Town, Tasmania, 1862, p. 8vo.

"This work contains not a few hair-breadth 'scapes and stirring incidents."--Lon. Dial.

Tylor, Edward B. 1. Anahuac; or, Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern, Lon., 1861, 8vo. 2. Researches into the Early History of Mankind, &c.,

1865, Svo.

Tymme, or Timme, Rev. Thomas. See TIMME. Tymms, Samuel. 1. The Family Topographer: being a Compendious Account of the Ancient and Present State of the English Counties, Lon., 1832, (some 1837,) 43, 7 vols. fp. 8vo. Commended by Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1831, 728, and 1832, 504. 2. Account of St. Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmund's, 1848, 4to: Part 4, 1854, 4to. Tymms, W. R. The Art of Illuminating, as practised in Europe from the Earliest Times; Illustrated by Borders, Initial Letters, and Alphabets; Selected and Chromo-lithographed by W. R. Tymms; with an Essay and Introduction by Matthew Digby Wyatt, Architect, plates in colours and gold, on vellum paper, in imp. 8vo Parts, 1859-60: complete, £3 108. 6d. Reviewed in Lon. Athen., 1861, i. 496.

Tyndale. See, also, TINDAL.

Tyndale, John, minister of George Street Chapel, Oxford. The Man of God: a Manual for Young Men contemplating the Christian Ministry, Lon., 1850, fp. 8vo; red. to 28., 1862.

"An inestimable treasure."-DR. J. PYE SMITH.

Tyndale, John Warre, Barrister-at-Law. 1. Burger and Brighton Leonora, Lon., 1846, ob. 4to. 2. The Island of Sardinia, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo.

"We confidently recommend the three volumes on Sardinia to the general reader."-Blackw. Mag., lxvi. 47.

"The modern state [of Sardinia] will be found neither inaccurately nor imperfectly given."-Lon. Gent. Mag., 1849, i. 452. "A very complete history."-Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1848, 818. Also reviewed in Edin. Rev., xc. 213.

3. Anecdotes and Adventures of the Austrian Army during the Hungarian Campaign; by an Eye-Witness; Edited, 1857, er. 8vo.

Tyndale, T. W. Navigation Acts, 3 Geo. IV., cc. 42-45, with Notes, &c., Lon., 1823, 12mo. See, also, TYRWHITT, ROBERT PHILIP, No. 1.

Tyndale, or Tindale, William, otherwise Hitchins, the Reformer, translator, and martyr, was b. about 1477 to 1484, according to Foxe about the borders of Wales, according to other biographers at Hunt's Court, parish of Nibley, Gloucestershire, and was educated at Oxford and Cambridge. After acting as tutor to the children of Sir John Welch, where he exposed himself to danger by his advocacy of the doctrines of the Reformation, he came to London, unsuccessfully sought admission into the household of Cuthbert Tonstall, Bishop of London, and subsequently became an inmate of the family of Humfrey Mummuth or Monmouth, (a merchant and alderman,) who entertained him for six months and then settled upon him ten pounds per annum to support him in Germany. Settling at Antwerp, he busied himself in a translation of the

New Testament from the Greek into English, the publication of which exposed him to a savage persecution, which resulted in his being strangled and burnt for heresy, under an imperial decree, at Vilvoorden, six miles from Brussels, October 6, 1536. He was the author of a number of theological works, already noticed: see Fox, or FOXE, JOHN; FRITH, or FRYTH, JOHN; RUSSELL, THOMAS. Since Russell's publication, new editions of Tyndale have appeared, viz.: I. Doctrinal Treatises, and Introductions to Different Portions of the Holy Scriptures; Edited for the Parker Society by the Rev. Henry Walter, B.D., F.R.S., Camb., 1848, 8vo. II. Expositions and Notes on Sundry Portions of the Holy Scriptures, together with the Practice of Prelates; Edited for the Parker Society by the Rev. H. Walter, 1849, 8vo. III. An Answer to Sir Thomas More's Dialogue: The Supper of the Lord after the True Meaning of John 6 and 1 Cor. 11; and William Tracy's Testament Expounded, 1850, 8vo. See, also, Richmond's Fathers, i. 1; Tracts of Angl. Fathers, ii. 7.

Of Tyndale's translation of the New Testament the first quarto edition was printed, it is believed, in 1525, and, it would appear, at Cologne, in the office of Peter Quentell, finished at Worms by Peter Schoeffer. Only a fragment of a copy, 31 leaves, (in the Grenville collection, British Museum,) is known to be in existence. The first octavo edition, 1525 or 1526, (of which only two copies, one in the Baptist Museum, Bristol, the other in the Library of the Chapter of St. Paul's,--both imperfect, -are known to be extant,) is supposed to have been printed at Worms by Peter Schoeffer: Reprinted, with a Memoir of Tyndale's Life and Writings, &c., by George Offor, Lon., (S. Bagster,) 1836, cr. Svo; 1. p., sm. 4to. A copy with red borders to every page, the portrait painted, initials illuminated, Luscombe, in 1854, morocco joints, in a mahogany box, £7 78. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1837, i. 176, 1851, ii. 303; DAPNEY, J. P. There is a lithographic fac-simile reprint of this first octavo edition, with an Introduction by Francis Fry, F.S.A., Bristol, printed for the Editor, 1862, sm. 8vo, £8, 177 copies, of which 26 are in quarto. A few copies are on old paper, a few on vellum, and a few illuminated like the original one in the Baptist College.

"Though it is far from a perfect translation, yet few first translations will be found preferable to it. It is astonishing

how little obsolete the language of it is, even at this day; and in point of perspicuity and noble simplicity, propriety of idiom, and purity of style, no English version has yet approached it.' -DR. ALEX. GEDDES: Prospect. for a New Trans. of the Holy Bible, 1788, 4to, 88.

"What he undertook was to be admired as glorious; what he performed, to be commended as profitable; and wherein he failed is to be excused as pardonable."-FULLER: Church History, book v.

"He, by God's Word and Spirit's inspiration,

The Gospel light respread throughout our nation."

QUARLES. "Tyndale's translation of the New Testament is the most important philological monument of the first half of the sixteenth century, perhaps I should say of the whole period between Chaucer and Shakespeare, both as a historical relic, and as having more than any thing else contributed to shape and fix the sacred dialect and establish the form which the Bible must permanently assume in an English dress."-GEO. P. MARSH: Lects, on the English Language, 1860, Lect. V. See, also, Lects. VII., XII., XVIII., and Note, XXVI., XXVIII., and XXIX.

Tyndale's translation, with his latest revisions, (1534, 12mo,) was republished in The English Hexapla, 1841, 4to, (Bagster.) See, also, A Collation of Tyndale's Version [1534] with the Authorized Version [1611] of the New Testament, by Wilmot Marsh, Chester, 1846, 8vo, and The Gothic and Anglo-Saxon Gospels in Parallel Columns, by J. Bosworth, D.D., Lon., 1865, 8vo.

His translation of The Pentateuch into English was Emprented at Marlborow in the Land of Hesse, in the Yere of our Lorde MCCCCCXXX. A copy which had been Heber's was resold, Gardner, July, 1854, for £159; and another copy, (see Amer. Pub. Circ., Aug. 1, 1863, 271, by J. Sabin,) at Bishop Daly's sale, Sotheby, June 26, 1858, for £155.

For particulars respecting Tyndale, his writings, and the editions of his translations of the Testament, Pentateuch, &c., we refer to Tanner; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., i. 94; Foxe's Acts and Mon.; Biog. Brit.; Lives of Tyndale by Rev. H. Walter and George Offor, (ubi supra ;) Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog.; Dryden's Pref. to Religio Laici; Abp. Newcome's Eng. Bibl. Trans.; Johnson's Hist. Acet. of Eng. Trans. of the Bible; Lewis's Hist. of the Trans. of the Bible into English; Cotton's List of Edits. of the Bible in English; Anderson's An

Words in English and French, Lon., 1861, 12mo. Do. in Four Languages, English, German, French, and Italian, 1861, ob. 12mo.

Tyrie, James. Refutation of one Answer made be Schir Johne Knowe to one Letter sent be James Tayre, Paris, 1573. 8vo.

Tyro, T. T. Tyros Roaring Megge planted against the Walles of Melancholy: One Booke cut into Two Decads, Lon., 1598, 4to. Bindley, Pt. 4, 700, £13 58.

Tyrrell, Anthony. See TEDDER, WILLIAM. Tyrrell, Frederick, Senior Surgeon to the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital, and Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital. On Diseases of the Eye, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 8vo. "Written in a perspicuous style, and abounds in practical information." ."-Dubl. Jour, of Med. Sci.

Tyrrell, G. See Memoir of, by C. S. Bird, Lon., 1861. fp. 8vo.

Tyrrell, G. W. 1. Church Ritual Illustrated with Reference to Objections, Lon., 1840, 12mo. 2. FellowTravellers; or, Married Life, 1855, sq.

Tyrrell, Henry. History of the War with Russia, Lon., 36 r. Svo Parts, in 3 vols., 1856-57. A supplementary volume-History of the Russian Empire-was

to follow this.

Tyrrell, James, a grandson of Archbishop Usher, was b. in London, 1642; admitted to Queen's College, Oxford, 1657, and subsequently was called to the Bar in the Inner Temple; devoted his life to letters, and d. 1718. He was a zealous Whig. 1. Patriarcha non Monarcha, Lon., 1681, 8vo. An answer to Filmer's Patriarcha. 2. Political Dialogues, I.-IX., 1691-92, 4to; X., 1693, 4to; XI., XII., XIII., 1694, 4to; I-XIII., 1694, 4to; XIV., 1695, 4to: I.-XIV., Bibliotheca Politica: or, An Enquiry into the Ancient Constitution of the English Government, &c., 1718, fol., some 1. p.; 1727, fol., pp. 780.

"A perfect mine of constitutional learning, which the student will be very fortunate if he can succeed in obtaining."-S. WARREN: Law Stu., 2d ed., 1845, 260.

3. Brief Disquisition of the Law of Nature according to the Principles laid down in Cumberland's Latin Treatise on that Subject, &c., 1692, 8vo; 2d ed., 1701, 8vo. 4. General History of England, both Ecclesiastical and Civil, from the Earliest Accounts of Time to the Reign of King William III., (only completed to the end of Richard II.,) 3 vols. fol.: i., 1696, (some 1697, some 1698;) ii., 1700; iii., 1704. The work is sometimes bound in four, sometimes in five, volumes.

Tyrrell, as strenuous on the Whig as Brady was on the Tory side, thought it necessary to refute the unfur representations of the latter in five folio volumes. . . . Of a work so diffuse as to be almost equally useless to the learned and the unlearned, since it would save time to read the original writers, it is needless to say much: we have heard Tyrrell praised by a competent judge for his industry and fairness in the detail of constitutional antiquities."-DR. JOHN ALLEN: Edin. Rev., liii, 10.

"He is a learned man, although he runs counter now and then to usually-received opinions."-T. HEARNE: Pref. to Benedic. Abbas, xi.

Locke also commends him. He contributed a Dedication to Charles II. to Usher's Power Communicated by God to the Prince, &c., 1661, 4to, and a Defence of Usher to Parr's Life of that prelate, 1686, fol. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv. 520; Biog. Brit.; Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, 61; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 213.

Tyrrell, John. Suggestions sent to the Commissioners on the Laws of Real Property, Lon., 1829, 8vo. Privately printed.

Tyrrell, John. Consumption: Why so Fatal, Lon.,

1835, Svo.

8vo.

Tyrwhitt, R. E. 1. Baptism; a Serm., Oxf., 1838, 2. Serms., chiefly Expository, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. Tyrwhitt, Richard St. John, Vicar of St. Mary Magdalene, Oxford. 1. Serm., Offertory, Oxf. and Lon., 1859, 8vo. 2. Serm., Penitence and Confession, 1859, Svo. 3. Five Serms., War, 1859, 12mo. 4. Two Serms., Herodias, Against Vanity, 1859, 12mo. 5. Three Serms., On Public Worship, 1860, 8vo. 6. Concerning Clerical Powers and Duties, Relig., Eng., &c., 1861, 8vo. Schooling of Life, 1864, 12mo. 8. Hand-Book of Pictorial Art, Oxf., 1868, Svo.

7.

Tyrwhitt, Robert. Baptismal Faith; Serm., Lon., 1804, 4to.

2.

Tyrwhitt, Robert Philip, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law. 1. With TYNDALE, T. W., Digest of the Public General Statutes, 1224-25-1821 inc., Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 4to. Supp. to 6 Geo. IV., 1826, 4to. Reports Cts. of Exch. and Exch. Chamber, 1830-35, 5 vols. r. 8vo, 1831-36. Continued, with GRANGER, T. C., 1835-36, r. 8vo, 1837. 3. Summary of the Law of Mo

dern Pleading, 1846, 12mo. See, also, DICKINSON, WILLIAM; PRIDEAUX, HUMPHREY, D.D., No. 5.

Tyrwhitt, Thomas, one of the most eminent of modern critics, was b. in London, 1730; educated at Eton and Queen's College, Oxford, and in 1755 became a Fellow of Merton College; Under-Secretary of War, 1756, and Clerk of the House of Commons, 1762 to 1768, when he resigned, and passed the remainder of his life in literary retirement; Curator of the British Museum, 1784: d. 1786.

1. Epistle to Florio [Mr. Ellis] at Oxford, Lon., 1749, 4to. Anon. Repub. in The Crypt, N. S., No. VIII, and in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1835, ii. 595. 2. Translations in Verse, 1752, 4to: Pope's Messiah and Philips's Splendid Shilling in Latin, and the Eighth Ismian Ode of Pindar in English. 3. Observations and Conjectures on some Passages of Shakespeare, Oxf., 1766, 8vo. Anon. 4. Proceedings and Debates in H. of Commons in 1620, 1621, Oxf., 1766, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Fragmenta duo Plutarchi, Lon., 1773, Svo. 6. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales,

(see CHAUCER, GEOFFREY.) Lon.. 1775-78, 5 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., Oxf., 1798, 2 vols. 4to, £2 28.; 1. p., £1 48.; 1822, (Pickering,) 5 vols. p. 8vo, £2 12s. 6d. ; l. p.. 50 copies, £5 58.; 1830, (Pickering,) 5 vols. p. 8vo, £2 128. 6d. "Il y a été tiré de cette dernière édition deux exempl. sur pap. de Chine, et deux sur VELIN. Un des derniers, 30 liv. Hanrott, et 25 liv, en 1854."-BRUNET: Man, du Lib., 5th ed., i. 1825.

Prof. Childs, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, is said to be employed on a new edition. 7. Dissertatio de Babrio, Fabularum Esopicarum Scriptore, 1776, 8vo. Other learned classical works, &c., for which see authorities cited below. His notes on Euripides are, in the opinion of Dr. Harwood, the most valuable part of what is called Musgrave's edition, (see MUSGRAVE, SIR SAMUEL, M.D. ;) he contributed much useful matter to Steevens's and Reed's Shakspeare of 1778 and 1785, and published several excellent papers in the Archæologia, &c. After his death appeared-8. Aristotelis de Poetica Liber, Græce et Latine Lectionem constituit, Versionem refinxit, Animadversionibus illustravit Thomas Tyrwhitt, (curante copies, fol. Bishop Randolph's 1. p. copy was sold, at his T. Burgess et J. Randolph,) Oxonii, 1794, 4to. 1. p., 30 sale in 1814, for £37 168., and was afterwards bought for the library at Chatsworth for £60. See Dibdin's Lib. Comp.. ed. 1825, 682, n. Ibid., 1794, Svo, some fine paper; 1806, 8vo, some 1. p.; 1817, 8vo, some 1. p.

"A modest, ingenious, and skilful critic."-DR. HARWOOD. 9. Thomæ Tyrwhitti Conjectura in Eschylum, Euripidem, et Aristophanem accedunt Epistolæ diversorum ad Tyrwhittum, 1822, 8vo; some 1. p. The editors promised a volume of Adversaria collected from his MSS., but this we still (1870) lack.

"He was an honour to his age and country, not more for his extensive erudition, his fine genius, and deep and solid judgment, than for the candour, elegance, and probity of his manners, his unassuming modesty and simplicity of character, and distinguished virtues."-BISHOP PERCY, Aug. 31, 1786: Nichols's Illust. of Lit., viii. 1858, 222.

See, also, Index, and Nichols's Lit. Anec., iii. 147151, and vii. 431, 696; H. Walpole's Letters, ed. 1861; Drake's Shaksp. and his Times; CHATTERTON, THOMAS.

Tyso, Joseph. 1. Inquiry after Prophetic Truth, Lon., 8vo. 2. Elucidation of the Prophecies; being an Exposition of the Books of Daniel and the Revelation, 1838, 8vo. 3. Defence of the Personal Reign of Christ, 1841, 12mo.

Tyson, A. G. 1. Student's Friend; a System of Short-Hand, Lon., 1838, 12mo. 2. Essay on the Poetic and Musical Customs of the Ancients, 2d ed., 1853, 12mo.

1.

Tyson, Edward, M.D., an eminent comparative anatomist, b. in Somersetshire, 1649, was educated at Magdalene Hall, Oxford, and at Cambridge; settled in London, where he became Physician to the Bridewell and Bethlem Hospitals, Reader of Anatomy at Surgeons' Hall, and Gresham Professor of Medicine; d. 1708. Philosophical Essay concerning the Rhymes of the Ancients, Lon., 1669, 4to. 2. Phocæna; or an Anatomy of a Porpoise dissected at Gresham College, &c., Lon., 1680, 4to. See Philos. Collec., No. 2, an. 1681, (by Robt. Hooke.) 3. Several Anatomical Observations, Lon. and Oxf., 1680-1705, fol. 4. Carigueya, seu Marsupiale Americanum; or the Anatomy of an Opussum dissected at Gresham College, Lon., 1698, 4to. 5. Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris: or the Anatomy of a Pigmie compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man; with a Philological Essay concerning the Pygmies, the Cynocephalia, the Satyrs, and Sphinges of the Ancients, wherein it will appear that they were all either Apes or Monkeys, 1699, fol.; some thick paper. To 2d ed.