"When he came to Nottingham, Coll. Hutchinson went to see him, whom he embrac'd with all the expressions of kindnesse that one friend could inake to another, and then retiring with him, prest him to tell him what thoughts his friends, the levellers, had of him. The collonell, who was the freest man in the world from concealing truth from his friend, especially when it was requir'd of him in love and plainnesse, not only told him what others thought of him, but what he himselfe conceiv'd, and how much it would darken all his glories, if he should become a slave to his owne ambition, and be guilty of what he gave the world iust cause to suspect, and therefore begg'd of him to weare his heart in his face, and to scorne to delude his enemies, but to make use of his noble courage, to maintaine what he believ'd just, against all greate oposers. Cromwell made mighty professions of a sincere heart to him, but it is certeine that for this and such like plaine dealing with him, he dreaded the collonell, and made it his particular businesse to keepe him out of the armie; but the collonell, never desiring command, to serve himselfe, but his country, would not use that art he detested in others, to procure himselfe any advan age."-pp. 285–287.

An after scene is still more remarkable, and more characteristic of both the actors. After Cromwell had possessed himself of the sovereignty, Colonel Hutchinson came accidentally to the knowledge of a plot which had been laid for his assassination; and was moved, by the nobleness of his own nature, and his regard for the Protector's great qualities-though he had openly testified against his usurpation, and avoided his presence since the time of it-to give such warning of it to Fleetwood, as might enable him to escape that hazard, but at the same time without betraying the names of any of the conspirators.

sought his ruine. He expresst an earnest desire to restore the people's liberties, and to take and pursue more safe and sober councells, and wound up all with a very fair courtship of the collonell to engage with him, offering him any thing he would account worthy of him. The collonell told him, he could not be forward to make his owne advantage, by serving to the enslaving of his country. The other told him, he intended nothing more then the restoring and confirming the liberties of the good people, in order to which he would employ such men of honor and interest as the people should re joyce, and he should not refuse to be one of them. And after, with all his arts, he had endeavour'd to excuse his publique actions, and to draw in the collonell, he dismist him with such expressions as were publickely taken notice of by all his little courtiers then about him; when he went to the end of the gallery with the collonell, and there, embrac ing him, sayd allowd to him, Well, collonell, satisfied or dissatisfied, you shall be one of us, for wee can no longer exempt a person so able and faithfull from the publique service, and you shall be satisfied in all honest things.' The collonell left him with that respect that became the place he was in; when of them past him by without knowing him when immediately the same courtiers, who had some he came in, although they had bene once of his familiar acquaintance; and the rest, who had look'd upon him with such disdainfull neglect as those little people use to those who are not of their fac tion, now flockt about him, striving who should officiousnesse, redeeme their late slightings. Some expresse most respect, and, by an extraordinary of them desir'd he would command their service in any businesse he had with their lord, and a thou sand such frivolous compliments, which the collonell smiled att, and, quitting himselfe of them as soone There he had not long bene but that he was in as he could, made haste to returne into the country. form'd, notwithstanding all these faire shewes, the protector, finding him too constant to be wrought "After Collonell Hutchinson had given Fleet-upon to serve his tirannie, had resolv'd to secure his person, least he should head the people, who wood that caution, he was going into the country; now grew very weary of his bondage. But though when the protector sent to search him out with all it was certainly confirm'd to the collonell how much the earnestnesse and haste that could possibly be, he was afraid of his honesty and freedome, and and the collonell went to him; who mett him in one that he was resolv'd not to let him longer be att of the galleries, and receiv'd him with open armes liberty, yet, before his guards apprehended the and the kindest embraces that could be given, and collonell, death imprison'd himselfe, and confin'd complain'd that the collonell should be so unkind all his vast ambition, and all his cruell designes into as never to give him a visitt, professing how well- the narrow compasse of a grave."-pp. 340–342. come he should have bene, the most wellcome person in the land; and with these smooth insinuations led him allong to a private place, giving him thankes for the advertisement he had receiv'd from Fleetwood, and using all his art to gett out of the collonell the knowledge of the persons engag'd in the conspiracy against him. But none of his cunning, nor promises, nor flatteries, could prevaile with the collonell to informe him more than he thought necessary to prevent the execution of the designe; which when the protector perceiv'd, he gave him most infinite thankes for what he had told him, and acknowledg'd it open'd to him some misteries that had perplext him, and agreed so with other intelligence he had, that he must owe his preservation to him: But,' says he, 'deare collo: nell, why will not you come in and act among us?' The collonell told him plainly, because he liked not any of his wayes since he broke the parliament, as being those which led to certeine and unavoydable destruction, not only of themselves, but of the whole parliament party and cause, and thereupon tooke occasion, with his usuall freedom, to tell him into what a sad hazard all things were put, and how apparent a way was made for the restitution of all former tyranny and bondage. Cromwell seem'd to receive this honest plainnesse with the greatest affection that could be, and acknowledg'd his precipitatenesse in some things, and with teares complained how Lambert had put him upon all those violent actions, for which he now accus'd him and

Two other anecdotes, one very discreditable to Cromwell, the other affording a striking proof of his bravery and knowledge of mankind, may be found at p. 308. and 316. But we dismiss the subject of this "great bad man," with the following eloquent representation of his government after he had attained the height of his ambition ;-a representation in which the keen regrets of disappointed patriotism are finely mingled with an indig nant contempt for those who submitted to tyranny, and a generous admission of the talents and magnanimity of the tyrant.

"In the interim Cromwell and his armie grew wanton with their power, and invented a thousand tricks of government, which, when nobody oppos'd, they themselves fell to dislike and vary every day. First he calls a parliament out of his owne pockett, himselfe naming a sort of godly men for every county, who meeting and not agreeing, a part of them, in the name of the people, give up the sove reignty to him. Shortly after, he makes up seve. rall sorts of mock parliaments, but not finding one of them absolutely for his turne, turn'd them off againe. He soone quitted himselfe of his triumvirs, and first thrust out Harrison, then tooke away Lambert's commission, and would have bene king

the nation, there is something in this account of Colonel Hutchinson which appears to us deserving of notice with reference to both these particulars.

his next, to resist Lord Newark in an illegal attempt to carry off the ammunition belonging to the county, for the use of the King. His deportment upon this last occasion, when he was only twenty-five years of age, affords a very singular proof of temper and firmness, perfect good breeding, and great powers of reasoning.

but for feare of quitting his generallship. He weeded, in a few months time, above a hundred and fifty godly officers out of the armie, with whom many of the religious souldiers went off, and in their roome abundance of the king's dissolute souldiers Soon after his marriage, he retired to his were entertain'd, and the armie was almost chang'd from that godly religious armie, whose vallour God house at Owthorpe, where he took to the study had crown'd with triumph, into the dissolute armie of divinity; and having his attention roused they had beaten, bearing yett a better name. His to the state of public affairs, by the dreadful wife and children too, were setting up for principality, which suited no better with any of them than massacres of Ireland, in 1641, set himself scarlett on the ape; only, to speak the truth of him- diligently to read and consider all the disputes selfe, he had much naturall greatnesse, and well which were then begun between the King became the place he had usurp'd. His daughter and Parliament; the result of which was, a Fleetewood was humbled, and not exalted, with steady conviction of the justice of the prethese things; but the rest were insolent fooles. tensions maintained by the latter, with a Cleypoole, who married his daughter, and his son Henry, were two debauch'd ungodly cavaliers. strong anxiety for the preservation of peace. Richard was a peasant in his nature; yet gentle and His first achievement (we are sorry to say) vertuous; but became not greatnesse. His court was, to persuade the parson of his parish to was full of sinne and vanity, and the more abomi- deface the images, and break the painted nable, because they had not yett quite cast away glass in the windows of his church, in obethe name of God, but prophan'd it by taking it indience to an injunction of the parliament; vaine upon them. True religion was now almost lost, even among the religious party, and hipocrisie became an epidemicall disease, to the sad griefe of Collonell Hutchinson, and all true-hearted Christians and Englishmen. Almost all the ministers every where fell in and worshipt this beast, and courted and made addresses to him. So did the city of London, and many of the degenerate lords of the land, with the poore spirited gentry. The cavaliers, in pollicy, who saw that while Cromwell reduc'd all the exercise of tirannicall power under another name, there was a doore open'd for the restoring of their party, fell much in with Cromwell, and heighten'd all his disorders. He at last exercis'd such an arbitrary power, that the whole land grew weary of him, while he sett up a compinie of silly meane fellows, call'd maior-generalls, as governors in every county. These rul'd, accord. ing to their wills, by no law but what seem'd good in their owne eies; imprisoning men, obstructing the course of iustice betweene man and man, perverting right through partiallity, acquitting some that were guilty, and punishing some that were innocent as guilty. Then he exercised another proiect to rayse mony, by decimation of the estates of all the king's party, of which actions 'tis said Lambert was the instigator. At last he tooke upon him to make lords and knights; and wanted not many fooles, both of the armie and gentry, to accept of and strutt in his mock titles. Then the Earle of Warwick's grandchild and the Lord Falconbridge married his two daughters; such pittifull slaves were the nobles of those dayes. Att last Lambert, perceiving himselfe to have bene all this while deluded with hopes and promises of succession, and seeing that Cromwell now intended to confirme the government in his own famely, fell off from him, but behav'd himselfe very pitifully and meanely, was turn'd out of all his places, and return'd againe to plott new vengeance at his house at Wimbledon, where he fell to dresse his flowers in his garden, and worke at the needle with his wife and his maides! while he was watching an oppertunity to serve againe his ambition, which had this difference from the protector's; the one was gallant and greate, the other had nothing but an unworthy pride, most insolent in prosperity, and as abiect and base in adversity."-p. 335-338.

In making these miscellaneous extracts, for the amusement of our readers, we are afraid that we have too far lost sight of the worthy colonel, for whose honour the whole record was designed; and though the biography of a private person, however eminent, is seldom of much consequence to the general reader, except where it illustrates the manners of the times, or connects with the public history of

When the King set up his standard at Not tingham, Mr. Hutchinson repaired to the camp of Essex, the parliamentary general; but "did not then find a clear call from the Lord to join with him." His irresolution, however, was speedily dissipated, by the persecutions of the Royalists, who made various efforts to seize him as a disaffected person. He accordingly began to consult with others in the same predicament: and having resolved to try to defend the town and castle of Nottingham against the assaults of the enemy, he was first elected governor by his associates, and afterwards had his nomination confirmed by Fairfax and by the Parliament. A great deal too much of the book is occupied with an account of the petty enterprises in which this little garrison was engaged; the various feuds and dissensions which arose among the different officers and the committees who were appointed as their council; the occasional desertion and treachery of various individuals, and the many contrivances, and sacrifices, and exertions by which Colonel Hutchinson was enabled to maintain his post till the final discomfiture of the Royal party. This narrative contains, no doubt, many splendid examples of courage and fidelity on both sides; and, for the variety of intrigues, cabals, and successful and unsuccessful attempts at corruption which it exhibits, may be considered as a complete miniature of a greater history. But the insig nificance of the events, and the obscurity of the persons, take away all interest from the story; and our admiration of Colonel Hutchinson's firmness, and disinterestedness and valour, is scarcely sufficient to keep our attention alive through the languishing narrative of the obscure warfare in which he was em ployed.

It has often been remarked, and for the honour of our country can never be too often

in the matter of the restoration. In the course of the debate on the treatment to be dealt to the regicides, such of them as were members of the House rose in their places, and made such a defence of their conduct as they re spectively thought it admitted of. The following passage is very curious, and gives us a high idea of the readiness and address of Colonel Hutchinson in a situation of extraor dinary difficulty.

repeated, that history affords no example of a late King. Such were the liberal pursuits civil contest carried on for years at the point and elegant recreations of one whom all our of the sword, and yet producing so little fero-recent histories would lead us to consider as city in the body of the people, and so few a gloomy fanatic, and barbarous bigot! instances of particular violence or cruelty. Upon the death of the Protector, he again No proscriptions-no executions-no sacking took his seat in Parliament, for the county of of cities, or laying waste of provinces--no Nottingham; and was an indignant spectator vengeance wreaked, and indeed scarcely any of the base proceedings of Monk, and the severity inflicted, upon those who were noto-headlong and improvident zeal of the people riously hostile, unless found actually in arms. Some passages in the wars of Henry IV., as narrated by Sully, approach to this character; but the horrible massacres with which that contest was at other stages attended, exclude it from all parallel with the generous hostility of England. This book is full of instances, not merely of mutual toleration, but of the most cordial friendship subsisting between individuals actually engaged in the opposite parties. In particular, Sir Allan Apsley, Mrs. Hutchinson's brother, who commanded a troop many teares, profest his repentance for that murther; "When it came to Inglesbies turne, he, with of horse for the King, and was frequently and told a false tale, how Cromwell held his hand, employed in the same part of the country and forc'd him to subscribe the sentence and made where Colonel Hutchinson commanded for a most whining recantation; after which he retir'd, the Parliament, is represented throughout as and another had almost ended, when Collonell living on a footing of the greatest friendship Hutchinson, who was not there at the beginning, came in, and was told what they were about, and and cordiality with this valiant relative. Un-that it would be expected he should say something. der the protection of mutual passes, they pay He was surpriz'd with a thing he expected not; yet frequent visits to each other, and exchange neither then, nor in any the like occasion, did he various civilities and pieces of service, with-ever faile himselfe, but told them, That for his out any attempt on either side to seduce the other from the cause to which his conscience had attached him. In the same way, the houses and families of various royalists are left unmolested in the district commanded by Colonel Hutchinson's forces; and officers conducting troops to the siege of the castle, are repeatedly invited to partake of entertainments with the garrison. It is no less curious and unique to find Mrs. Hutchinson officiating as a surgeon to the wounded; and the Colonel administering spiritual consolation to some of the captives who had been mortally hurt by the men whom he had led into action.

actings in those dayes, if he had err'd, it was the inexperience of his age, and the defect of his judgement, and not the malice of his heart, which had ever prompted him to persue the generall advantage of his country more then his owne; and if the sacrifice of him might conduce to the publick peace and settlement, he should freely submit his life and forage, and the greate debts his publick employments tunes to their dispose; that the vain expence of his had runne him into, as they were testimonies that neither avarice nor any other interest had carried him on, so they yielded him just cause to repent that he ever forsooke his owne blessed quiet, to embarque in such a troubled sea, where he had and as to that particular action of the king, he de made shipwrack of all things but a good conscience; sir'd them to believe he had that sence of it that béAfter the termination of the war, Colonel fitted an Englishman, a Christian, and a gentle Hutchinson was returned to Parliament for man.' Assoone as the collonell had spoken, he the town which he had so resolutely defended. retir'd into a roome, where Inglesbie was, with his He was appointed a member of the High eies yet red, who had call'd up a little spirit to sucCourt of Justice, for the trial of the King;-chinson, O collonell,' say'd he, did I ever imagine ceed his whinings, and embracing Collonell Hutand after long hesitation, and frequent prayer wee could be brought to this? Could I have susto God to direct him aright in an affair of so pected it, when I brought them Lambert in the much moment, he deliberately concurred in other day, this sword should have redeem'd us from the sentence which was pronounced by it; being dealt with as criminalls, by that people, for Mrs. Hutchinson proudly disclaiming for him The collonell told him, he had forescene, ever since whom we had so gloriously exposed ourselves.' the apology, afterwards so familiar in the those usurpers thrust out the lawfull authority of mouths of his associates, of having been over- the land, to enthrone themselves, it could end in awed by Cromwell. His opinion of the Pro- nothing else; but the integrity of his heart, in all tector, and of his government, has been pretty he had done, made him as chearefully ready to fully explained in the extracts we have already of the house that day was to suspend Collonell suffer as to triumph in a good cause. The result given. During that usurpation, he lived in Hutchinson and the rest from sitting in the house. almost unbroken retirement, at Owthorpe; Monke, after all his greate professions, now sate where he occupied himself in superintending still, and had not one word to interpose for any per the education of his children, whom he him- son, but was as forward to sett vengeance on foot self instructed in music and other elegant as any man."—pp. 367–369. accomplishments; in the embellishment of his residence by building and planting; in administering justice to his neighbours, and in making a very choice collection of painting and sculpture, for which he had purchased a number of articles out of the cabinet of the

He was afterwards comprehended in the act of amnesty, and with some difficulty obtained his pardon; upon which he retired to the country; but was soon after brought to town, in order to see if he could not be prevailed on to give evidence against such of the

regicides as it was resolved to bring to trial. | time every day on the beach; but this mitigas

(October, 1829.)

Memoirs of LarT FANSHAWE, Wife of the Right Honourable Sir Richard Fanshawe, Baronet, Ambassador from Charles the Second to the Court of Madrid in 1665. Written by herself. To which are added, Extracts from the Correspondence of Sir Richard Fanshawe. 8vo. pp. 360. London: 1829.

voted attachment, and participated not unworthily in all his fortunes and designs, was, consequently, in continual contact with the movements which then agitated society; and had her full share of the troubles and triumphs which belonged to such an existence. Her memoirs ought, therefore, to have formed an interesting counterpart to those of Mrs. Hutchinson; and to have recalled to us, with equal force and vivacity, the aspect under which those great events presented themselves to a female spectatress and sufferer, of the opposite faction. But, though the title of the book, and the announcements of the editor, hold

THERE is not much in this book, either of individual character, or public story. It is, indeed, but a small affair-any way; but yet pleasing, and not altogether without interest or instruction. Though it presents us with no traits of historical importance, and but few of personal passion or adventure, it still gives us a peep at a scene of surpassing interest from a new quarter; and at all events adds one other item to the great and growing store of those contemporary notices which are every day familiarizing us more and more with the living character of by-gone ages; and without which we begin, at last, to be sensible, that we can neither enter into their spirit, nor even un-out this promise, we must say that the body of derstand their public transactions. Writings not meant for publication, nor prepared for purposes of vanity or contention, are the only memorials in which the true "form and pressure" of the ages which produce them are ever completely preserved; and, indeed, the only documents from which the great events which are blazoned on their records can ever be satisfactorily explained. It is in such writings alone,-confidential letters-private diaries-family anecdotes-and personal remonstrances, apologies, or explanations, that the true springs of action are disclosed-as well as the obstructions and impediments, whether in the scruples of individuals or the general temper of society, by which their operation is so capriciously, and, but for these revelations, so unaccountably controlled. They are the true key to the cipher in which public annals are almost necessarily written; and their disclosure, after long intervals of time, is almost as good as the revocation of their writers from the dead-to abide our interrogatories, and to act over again, before us, in the very dress and accents of the time, a portion of the scenes which they once guided or adorned. It is not a very striking portion, perhaps, that is thus recalled by the publication before us; but whatever interest it possesses is mainly of this character. It belongs to an era, to which, of all others in our history, curiosity will always be most eagerly directed; and it constantly rivets our attention, by exciting expectations which it ought, in truth, to have fulfilled; and suggesting how much more interesting and instructive it might so easily have been made.

it falls far short of performance: and, whether it be that her side of the question did not admit of the same force of delineation or loftiness of sentiment; or, that the individual chronicler has been less fortunately selected, it is certain that, in point both of interest and instruction; in traits of character, warmth of colouring, or exaltation of feeling, there is no sort of comparison between these gossiping, and, though affectionate, yet relatively cold and feeble, memoranda, and the earnest, eloquent, and graphic representations of the puritan heroine. Nor should it be forgotten, even in hinting at such a parallel, that, in one important respect, the royalist cause also must be allowed to have been singularly happy in its female representative. Since, if it may be said with some show of reason, that Lucy Hutchinson and her husband had too many elegant tastes and accomplishments to be taken as fair specimens of the austere and godly republicans ; it certainly may be retorted, with at least equal justice, that the chaste and decorous Lady Fanshawe, and her sober diplomatic lord, shadow out rather too favourably the general manners and morals of the cavaliers.

After all, perhaps, the true secret of her inferiority, in all at least that relates to political interest, may be found in the fact, that the fair writer, though born and bred a royalist, and faithfully adhering to her husband in his efforts and sufferings in the cause, was not naturally, or of herself, particularly studious of such matters; or disposed to occupy herself more than was necessary with any public concern. She seems to have followed, like a good wife and daughter, where her parents or Lady Fanshawe was, as is generally known, her husband led her; and to have adopted the wife of a distinguished cavalier, in the their opinions with a dutiful and implicit conHeroic Age of the civil wars and the Protec-fidence, but without being very deeply moved torate; and survived till long after the Res- by the principles or passions which actuated toration. Her husband was a person of no mean figure in those great transactions; and she, who adhered to him with the most de

those from whom they were derived; while Lucy Hutchinson not only threw her whole heart and soul into the cause of her party