In detail this copy may be built up as follows, remembering that it begins with page [vii]:

Title. [i-ii]

The Epistle Dedicatory [iii?-viii]. Signed, Benjamin Harris. The Preface. To all Protestant Parents, School-Masters and School-Mistresses of children, Greeting. [ix-xi]. Signed, Benj.

Harris.

Cut of the burning of the Pope [xii] Signed, J. G.

An Account of the Burning the Pope at | Temple-Bar in London, November 17. 1679. 1–7.

The Roman small Letters [etc.] 8-10.

The Lords Prayer, The Creed, The Ten Com-mand-ments and the X Commandments Paraphras'd. 11-16.

Lessons for CHILDREN, | Di-vi-ded into Di-stinct Syl- la-bles. [Sixteen Lessons.] 17-35.

Mr. John Rogers, Minister of St. Sepulchers | Church in London, was the first Martyr [with his Exhortation sent to his children] 35-42.

The Prayer of King Edward the Sixth at his death. 43.

Cut of "Popish tyrañy-and-Cruelty." [44]

A Prospect of POPERY, or, | A short View of the Cruelties, Treasons, and Mas- sacres committed by the Papists since the beginning of the Reign of Queen Mary. 45-48.

The Spanish Invasion by the Pa- | pists in the Year 1588. 48[pp. 51-56 are missing, which included "The Gunpowder Treason" of which the last paragraph is on page] 57.

The Massacre of Ireland, acted by the Papists upon the Protestants in that Kingdom in the Year 1642. 57-61.

Cut of "a masecree and "London in Flames." 62.

The Massacre of Paris, acted by the French | Papists upon the Protestants in that King-| dom, and the Cruelties of the Papists | since in Piedmont, Lithuania and Poland, | in the Year 1655 and 1656. 63-67.

The Burning of London by the Pa- pists, Septemb. 2. 1666. 67-70.

The Monument. [With a cut.] 71.

Cuts of Dr. Titus Oates and Captain William Bedloe, and of "St Edmondbury-god | Free strangled 72.

A Brief Account of the Horrid and Damma- | ble Plot in the Year 1678. Contrived by the Papists for the Murdering of his Majesty, Destruction of the Protestant Religi- | on, and Overthrowing of the Government | by Law Established. With a Re

73-80

lation of the Murder of Sir Edmund-Bury Godfrey. 1 [pp. 81-84 are missing and the "Brief Account" is incomplete and the first part of a "Scripture Dialogue between Dives and Lazarus in Verse" is wanting, the last page of it being] 85.

Words and Proper Names from Two to Seven Sillables, both whole and divided into Sillables, for the more easie Instructing of Children in True Spelling. 86-99.

A Catechism 100-115.

A Little Book of | MARTYRS, | or, | The HISTORY of the KINGS of ENGLAND. with an Ac- count of the Cruelties exercised by the POPE and his Clergy, for se- | veral Hundred Years. 116-134.

The Threefold State of a Christian | Discovered, viz. By Nature, by Grace, and in Glory. 134-141.

A DIALOGUE Between | An Apostate to the Church of ROME, And a Young PROTESTANT. 142–170.

A COPY-BOOK. 2 unnumbered pages of cuts. [171-172.] Directions for Writing. I unnumbered page [173.]

The Figures and Numeral Letters. I unnumbered page [174], with catch word No [?].

That the nature and quality of the illustrations may be seen, the four pages are reproduced.

I have in another place called attention to a search in England for the New England Primer entered at Stationers' Hall in October, 1683 by John Gaine, nearly three years before Harris went to Boston in New England, where he printed a book with that title between 1687 and 1690.1 So a Protestant Tutor was printed in Boston before Harris had reached that town and contained matter to be found in Harris' Protestant Tutor of 1680. It was printed in Boston by Samuel Green, for John Griffin, a bookseller of that town. Griffin had not published much, only three titles under his name being known, and even the location of his shop has not been established. In 1685 he brought out The Protestant Tutor, for Children. A single copy, fragmentary and much broken, has survived and is in the American Antiquarian Society, at Worcester. It contains however only two divisions, a catechism and "Mr. Roger's Verses," the latter 1 Boston Book Market, 1679–1700, 30.

2 Evans, 387, for some cause, attributes it to Benjamin Keach, but speaks of Harris as possible author of the "first London Edition" of 1679.

in the text later used in the New England Primer. There is nothing to indicate that it was to take the place of a school book, from which spelling could be learned, and the catechism is not the Assembly Catechism which appears in the earliest known copy of the New England Primer. It is, however, the "Catechism against Popery " listed in the contents of Harris' London publication, for it opens:

I. Quest. What Religion do you profess?

Ans. The Christian Religion commonly called the Protestant, in opposition to Popery.

With that promising opening it continues with general questions, each answer being introduced by a text from Scripture. The animus may be seen from the following:

8. Q. Is the church of Rome Mother and Mistress of all Churches?

A. No, Gal. 4. 26. But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the Mother of us all.

9. Q. Ought we firmly to receive and embrace all customs and constitutions of the Roman Church?

A. No, Act. 15. 28. 29. For it seemed good unto the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than those necessary things: that they abstain from Meats offered to Idols, and from Blood, and from things strangled, and from Fornication. . .

II. Q. Do you not dread the Popes Bulls?

A. No, Mark 16. 16. He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved.

12. Q. Hath the Pope authority to depose Kings.

A. No, 1 Pet. 2. 13. 14. 25. Submit your selves to every Ordinance of Man for the Lords sake: whether it be to the King as supream, or unto Governours, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evil doers, and for the praise of them that do well. For so is the will of God.

13. Q. May the Pope absolve us from the oath of Allegiance? A. No, Eccles. 8. 2. Keep the King's Commandment, and that in regard of the Oath of God.

14. Q. May the Pope dispense with Gods Commands?

A. No, Mat. 5. 19. Whosoever shall break one of these least Commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the Kingdom of Heaven.

15. Q. Have Peter-pence their Original from Peter?

A. No, Act. 3. 6. Peter said, Silver and Gold have I

none.

19. Q. Is the Pope right [ly termed] his Holiness?

A. No, 2 Thess. 2, 3. Th[at Man] of Sin.

20. Q. Is the Popes power [from God] or from Satan?

A. Satan, Rev. 13. 2. [The Dra]gon gave him his Power, and his Seat, and great Authority.

Then follow leading questions on the worship of images, Angels, a crucifix or relics of Saints, on prayers to the Virgin Mary or saints, on salvation and on bought pardons, closing with a denunciation of Rome as the beast of Revelation. All of which is familiar reading in the tracts of the close of the seventeenth century. Yet the catechism is free of any reference to the cruelties perpetrated by the Roman Catholics on protestants, singly or collectively, to which Harris gave so large a part of his Protestant Tutor. Not that the child of New England was in the long run permitted to be free from horrors, for the Day of Doom made up for any absence of them. The difference was, however, essential. Harris directed the child's hate and horror against an external enemy, and that is a feeling easy to satisfy either by committing some act of violence against the enemy or, in the absence of opportunity, by nursing the hostility. Wigglesworth's poem on the other hand wrought internally, on the nature of the child in its relations to itself and its own conscience, and could thus produce a more lasting and disastrous effect.

While the Boston Protestant Tutor did take its two items from Harris' Protestant Tutor, neither appeared in the first issue of the New England Primer, made by Harris. The catechism against Popery was thrown out from the start and the "verses made by Mr. Rogers" and the "Prayer of K Edward the 6th" were only added to the Primer in its second issue as advertised in Newman's News from the Stars, 1690. The "Prayer" soon dropped out and the Rogers' "Verses" remained a permanent feature, in all succeeding issues of the little tract. To claim for Harris the whole credit of the Primer seems more than the facts will bear, for