PERSECUTION OF LIEUTENANT WORDEN. 369 of the 13th, when a spy informed him of the re-enforcement of Fort Pickens. That movement exasperated him, and he was deeply mortified by a sense of his own utter stupidity in allowing Lieutenant Worden to visit the squadron. To shield himself from the charge of such stupidity by his associates and superiors, he laid aside all honor as a man and a soldier, and accused the lieutenant with having practiced falsehood and deception in gaining permission to visit the Sabine. He telegraphed this charge to the conspirators at Montgomery, with a recommendation for his arrest. Five officers were detailed for the service, one of whom had served with Worden in the Navy. They arrested him a short distance below Montgomery, and, on their arrival at that city, placed him in the custody of Cooper, the " Adjutant-General of the Confederacy." Cooper took from him unimportant dispatches for his Government, and on Monday, the 15th, Worden was cast into the common jail. Bragg's false charge made him an object of scorn to Davis and his fellowconspirators, and the citizens generally; and there, in that common jail, this gallant officer, whose conduct had been governed by the nicest sense of honor, suffered indignity until the 11th of November following, when he was paroled and ordered to report at Richmond, where Davis and his associates were then holding court. Cooper sent him to Norfolk, whence he was forwarded to the flag-ship of Admiral Goldsborough, in Hampton Roads, when Lieutenant Sharpe, of the insurgent navy, was exchanged for him.' Worden was the first prisoner of war held by the insurgents. a November 18, 1861. A few days after the re-enforcement of Fort Pickens, the Atlantic and Illinois arrived with several hundred troops, under the command of Colonel Harvey Brown, with an ample quantity of supplies and munitions of war. These were taken into Fort Pickens, and within ten days after the arrival of Worden, there were about nine hundred troops in that fort. Colonel Brown assumed the command, and Lieutenant Slemmer and his little band of brave men, worn down with fatigue, want of sleep, and insufficient food, were sent to Fort Hamilton, at the entrance to New York harbor, to rest. They shared the plaudits of a grateful people with those equally gallant defenders of Fort Sumter. Lieutenant Slemmer was commissioned major of the Sixteenth Regiment of Infantry; and because of brave conduct subse many of them lay on their arms all night. On the day after the re-enforcement, John Tyler, Jr., son of exPresident Tyler, who was employed under Walker, the so-called "Secretary of War," telegraphed the fact to the Richmond Enquirer, saying:-"Re-enforcements were thrown into Fort Pickens by the Government at Washington, in violation of the convention existing between that Government and this Confederacy." This false charge of bad faith on the part of the National Government was intended to affect the Virginia Convention, then sitting in Richmond. Tyler telegraphed "by authority of the Hon. L. P. Walker," who did not consider his order to Bragg, some time before, to attack Fort Pickens at the earliest practicable moment, as a "violation of the convention" which he pretended had existence. What was called "bad faith" on the part of the National Government, appears to have been considered highly honorable for the conspirators to practice. Such evidences of moral obliquity, on the part of the leaders in the rebellion, were continually observed throughout the war that ensued. 1 Statement of Lieutenant Worden to the author. Lieutenant Worden's family and friends were in much distress concerning his imprisonment, for at times his life seemed to be in great jeopardy among lawless men, and was preserved, doubtless, by the Provost-Marshal of Montgomery, in whom Worden found a friend. Applications to the "Confederate Government" were for a long time treated with silent contempt. Mutual acquaintances wrote to Mrs. Davis, requesting her to use her influence in procuring his parole, for all other prisoners were allowed that privilege then. Her uniform reply was: "I shall do nothing; he is just where he ought to be." The prisoner, in the mean time, made no complaint, asked for no parole, and only once communicated with the chief conspirators. He then simply asked for the reasons why he was in prison. VOL. I.-24 370 DEFENDERS OF FORT PICKENS HONORED. quently in Tennessee, he was raised to the rank of brigadier-general. The Chamber of Commerce of New York included in their resolution to honor the defenders of Fort Sumter with a series of bronze medals,' those of Fort Pickens, and these were presented to Slemmer, his officers and men, at the same time. The medals were executed by the same sculptor (Charles Müller), and of the same sizes. The engraving represents the one presented to Lieutenant Slemmer, on a smaller scale than the original.' By the 1st of May there was a formidable force of insurgents menacing Fort Pickens, who were lying on the arc of a circle, from the water-battery beyond Fort McRee on the right, to the Navy Yard on the left. They numbered nearly seven thousand, and were arranged in three divisions. The first, on the right, was composed of Mississippians, under Colonel J. R. Chalmers; the second was composed of Alabamians and a Georgia regi 1 See pages 888 and 334. 2 This medal, made of bronze, is six inches in diameter. On one side is a medallion portrait of Lieutenant Slemmer, and the inscription, "ADAM J. SLEMMER." On the other side is Cerberus, as the Monster of War, chained to Fort Pickens. By this design the artist intended to typify the forbearance of the Government and its servants, which was conspicuously exhibited during the defense of Fort Pickens. The initial letters U. S. on the collar of the monster indicate his owner. Amid the taunts and insults of the foe, he is kept chained to the fort. His impatience of restraint is shown by his actions. On this side of the medal is the inscription:"THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, NEW YORK, HONORS VALOR, FORBEARANCE, AND FIDELITY. FORT PICKENS. 1861." Two sizes of medals bore these devices and inscriptions, and the other two, on the reverse side, a view of Fort Pickens, with the inscription:-"THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, NEW YORK, HONORS THE DEFENDERS OF FORT PICKENS-FAR OFF, BUT FAITHFUL." The following are the names of the defenders of Fort Pickens : COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.-First Lieutenant, Adam J. Slemmer; Second Lieutenant, Jeremiah H. Gilman. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.-First Sergeant, Alexander Jamieson; Corporals, David H. Boyd, Patrick Mangan, James P. Caldwell, and Benjamin Webster; Fifer, Thomas Smith; Drummer, William Sheppard: Artificers, Frederick Bickel and Simeon Webster; Ordnance Sergeants, Robert Granger, Elias H. Broady, and John Flynn.. PRIVATES.-John Bainfield, Michael Burns, John H. Boyer, Francis Bohnert, Joseph Clancy, John Cannon, Jacob C. Deckert, James Dolan, James Foley, Lewis Holmes, Thomas IIonlahan, Edward L. Hastings, Jobn Jackson, Thomas Jackson, Martin King, John Kerns, Owen McGair, Jackson McLeod, Thomas Manning. Thomas McGuire, James Matthews, John Mealey, Theodore Meeker, John Miller, Michael Morris, Patrick Mulligan, Michael Murphy, Michael Murray, William Nelson, Patrick Norton, James O'Brien, Frederick O'Donnell, Bartholomew O'Neil, John J. Reilly, Thomas B. Shaw, David Summers, Patrick Travers, and Francis Winters The whole number of officers and men who received medals was fifty-three. These were of the same regiment of Artillery (First. U. S. A.) as the defenders of Fort Sumter. PREPARATIONS FOR WAR. 371 ment, under Colonel Clayton; and the third was made up of Louisianians, Georgians, and a Florida regiment, the whole commanded by Colonel Gladdin. Beside these there were about five hundred troops at Pensacola, all Louisianians, under Colonel Bradford. General Bragg was commanderin-chief. "These compose the very best class of our Southern people," wrote Judge Walker, the editor of the New Orleans Delta, on the 27th of April; "ardent, earnest, and resolute young men. They can never be conquered or even defeated. They may be destroyed, but not annihilated. When the Lincolnites subdue the country or the people which they have undertaken to subjugate, as long as we have such men to fight our battles, the spoils of their victory will be a blasted and desolated country, and an extinct people." Re-enforcements continued to be sent to Fort Pickens from the North, and a considerable squadron lay outside in the Gulf. In June, Santa Rosa Island, on which Fort Pickens stands, was made lively by the encampment there of the Sixth New York Regiment of Volunteers, known as Wilson's Zouaves. They left New York on the 13th of June, on which day they were presented with a beautiful silk banner by the Ladies' Soldiers' Relief Association. The insurgents were also re-enforced; but nothing of great importance occurred in the vicinity of Fort Pickens during the ensuing summer. The attack on Fort Sumter, the re-enforcement of Fort Pickens, and the President's call for troops, aroused the entire nation to preparations for war. Although Davis and his associates at Montgomery had received the President's Proclamation with " derisive laughter," they did not long enjoy the sense of absolute security which that folly manifested. They were sagacious enough to estimate their heavy misfortune in the loss of the control of the Florida forts, and to interpret correctly the great uprising of the people in the Free-labor States, intelligence of which came flashing significantly every moment over the telegraph, with all the appalling aspect of the lightning before a summer storm. WILSON'S ZOUAVES. Two days after the President's Proclamation was promulgated, Davis issued, from Montgomery," an intended countervailing one.' In 1861. the preamble he declared that the President had "announced the a April 17, intention of invading the Confederacy with an armed force for the purpose of capturing its fortresses, and thereby subverting its independ ence, and subjecting the free people thereof to the dominion of a foreign. power." He said it had become the duty of the "government" to "repel the threatened invasion, and defend the rights and liberties of the people.by all 1 On the day before (16th), the Montgomery Daily Advertiser said, under the head of "Fine pickings for Privateers." that "the spring fleet of tea-ships from China are arriving quite freely at New York," and mentioned one of those whose cargo was valued at a million and a half of dollars. 372 "CONFEDERATE CONGRESS."-PRIVATEERS. the means which the laws of nations and usages of civilized warfare placed at its disposal." He therefore invited all persons who desired to engage in the business of legalized piracy known as privateering, by depredating upon the commerce of the United States, to apply to him for authority to do so, when it would be given, under certain restrictions which were set forth in the proclamation. He also enjoined all persons holding offices, civil or military, under his authority, to be vigilant and zealous in their duties; and exhorted the people of the "Confederate States," as they loved their country, as they prized the blessings of free government, as they felt the wrongs of the past, and others then threatened in an aggravated form, by those whose enmity was more implacable, because unprovoked, to exert themselves in preserving order, in promoting concord, in maintaining the authority and efficacy of the laws, and in supporting and invigorating all the measures which may have been adopted for a common defense, and by which, under the blessing of Divine Providence," they might "hope for a speedy, just, and honorable peace." 1861. a The President at once met the proclamation of Davis, by declaring thathe should immediately employ a competent force to blockade all the ports of States claimed as belonging to the Southern Confederacy; and also, that if any person, under the pretended authority of such States, or under any other pretense, should molest a vessel of the United States, or the persons or cargo on board of her, such persons should be held amenable to the laws of the United States for the prevention and punishment of piracy.' Davis had already summoned the so-called "Congress of the Confederate States" to meet at Montgomery on the 29th of April. That •April 12, body, on the 6th of May, passed an Act with fifteen sections, 'recognizing the existence of war between the United States and the Confederate States; and concerning letters of marque, prizes, and prize goods." The preamble declared that the "Confederate States" had made earnest efforts to establish friendly relations between themselves and the United States; but that the Government of the latter had not only refused to hold any intercourse with the former, as a government in fact, but had prepared to make war upon them, and had avowed an intention of blockading their ports. Such being the case, they declared that war existed between the "two governments," and in accordance with a cherished design of Davis, which he hinted at in his "inaugural address" at Montgomery, and had openly announced in his proclamation on the 17th, they authorized the "President of the Confederate States" to use their whole land and naval force "to meet the war thus commenced, and to issue to private armed vessels commissions or letters of marque and general reprisal, in such form as he shall think proper, under the seal of the Confederate States, against the vessels, goods, and effects of the Government of the United States, and of the citizens or inhabitants of the States and Territories thereof." The tenth 1 Proclamation of President Lincoln, April 19, 1861. 3 * Acts and Resolutions of the Second Session of the "Provisional Congress of the Confederate States," page 22.. * See page 258. The following is the form in which the letters of marque were issued: "JEFFERSON DAVIS, President of the Confederate States of America, to all who shall see these presents, greeting: Know ye, that by virtue of the power vested in me by law, I have commissioned, and do hereby Commission, have authorized, and do hereby authorize, the schooner or vessel called the (more particularly |