Smith, Geo. W. Mennig, James Marshall, Ira Troy, Uriah Good, Wm. Irving, Patrick Curtin, John Burns, Edward McCabe, Fred. Seltzer, John Donegan, John Mullens, John Lamons, Wm. McDonald, Geo. W. Garber, F. W. Simpson, Alexander Smith, David Dilly, George Shartle, A. D. Allen, Charles F. Garrett, Geo. A. Lerch, James Carroll, John Benedict, Edmund Foley, Thomas Kelley, John Eppinger, John Rouch, David Howard, Jeremiali Deitrich, William Weller, Wm. A. Christian, Mark Walker, Ralph Corby, Henry Mehr, F. Goodyear, Wm. Carl, Anthony Lippman, John P. Deiner, Wm. A. Beidleman, Chas. J. Shoemaker, Jas. Donegan, Herman Hauser, Louis Weber, Thomas H. Parker, John Howell, Henry Yerger, Wm. Davenport, James Landefield, James R. Smith, Michael Foren, Alex. Smith, W. M. Lashorn, Levi Gloss, Samuel Heilner, Enoch Lambert, Frank Wenrich, Joseph Johnston, Henry C. Nies, Jacob Shoey, John Hartman, Wm. Buckley, Henry Quin, Thomas G. Buckley, Wm. Becker, J. P. McGinnes, Charles J. Redcay, Jr., Wm. Britton, Thomas Smith, J. M. Hughes, Thomas Martin, Henry Gehring, Dallas Dampman, John Boedefeld, M. Edgar Richards.

RINGGOLD LIGHT ARTILLERY, OF READING.

OFFICERS AND NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.-Captain, James M'Knight; First Lieutenant, Henry Nagle; Second Lieutenant, Wm. Graeff; First Sergeant, G. W. Durell; Second Sergeant, D. Kreisher; Third Sergeant, H. S. Rush; First Corporal, Levi S. Homan; Second Corporal, F. W. Folkman; Third Corporal, Horatio Leader; Fourth Corporal, Jacob Womert; Bugler, John A. Hock.

PRIVATES.-James A. Fox, Samuel Evans, Amos Drenkle, Fred. Yeager, Geo. W. Silvis, Ed. Pearson, Fred. Shaeffer, Wm. C. Eben, Henry E. Eisenbeis, Daniel Maltzberger, Adam Freeze, Augustus Berger, Solomon Ash, Fred. H. Phillippi, Nathaniel B. Hill, James E. Lutz, Geo. S. Bickley, Samuel Hamilton, Amos Huyett, Andrew Helms, Wm. W. Bowers, Henry Neihart, Ferd. S. Ritter, Daniel Whitman, Jeremiah Seiders, Anthony Ammon, Henry Fleck, Henry Rush, Jacob J. Hessler, Henry G. Baus, Charles Gebhart, Henry Coleman, Chas. P. Muhlenberg, Jacob Leeds, James Gentzler, J. Hiester McKnight, B. F. Ermentrout, James Pflieger, Charles Spangler, Geo. W. Knabb, D. Dickinson, C. Levan, Albert Shirey, Adam Faust, Peter A. Lantz, Geo. D. Leaf, H. Whiteside, A. Levan, C. Frantz, Wm. Sauerbier, Jonathan Sherer, H. Geiger, Wm. Lewis, A. Seyfert, Robert Eltz, J. S. Kennedy, E. L. Smith, George Lauman, Lemuel Gries, James L. Mast, Christopher Loeser, Howard M'Ilvaine, C. B. Ansart, Wm. Haberacker, John A. M'Lenegan, George Eckert, William Herbst, Wm. Rapp, Isaiah Rambo, Daniel Levan, John Yohn, Isaac Leeds, Francis Rambo, Wm. Christ, Fred. Peck, John Freeze, Jr., William Fix, Edward Scull, Jackson Sherman, Ad. Gehry, Daniel Yohn, James D. Koch, H. Fox, F. Housum, William Smith, C. A. Bitting, Wm. P. Mack, Wm. Miller, Fred. Smeck, Milton Roy, Geo. B. Rhoads, James Anthony, David Bechtel, F. G. Ebling.

LOGAN GUARDS, OF LEWISTOWN.

OFFICERS AND NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.-Captain, J. B. Selheimer; First Lieutenant, Thomas M. Hulings; Second Lieutenant, Robert W. Patton; Third Lieutenant, Francis R. Sterrett; First Sergeant, J. A. Matthews; Second Sergeant, Joseph S. Waream; Third Sergeant, H. A. Eisenbise; Fourth Sergeant, William B. Weber; Fifth Sergeant, C. M. Shull; First Corporal, E. W. Eisenbise; Second Corporal, P. P. Butts; Third Corporal, John Nolte; Fourth Corporal, Frederick Hart; Musicians, S. G. McLaughlin, William Hopper, Joseph W. Postlethwait.

PRIVATES.-William H. Irwin (subsequently elected Colonel of the Seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers), David Wasson, William T. McEwen, Jesse Alexander, James D. Burns, Robert Betts, Henry Comfort, Frank De Armint, James B. Eckebarger, Joseph A. Fiethorn, George M. Freeborn, George Hart, James W. Henry, John 8. Kauffman, George I. Loff, Elias W. Link, Samuel B. Marks, William McKnew, Robert D. Morton, Thomas A. Nuree, Henry Printz, James N. Rager, Augustus E. Smith, James P. Smith, Gideon M. Tice, Gilbert Waters, David Wertz, Edwin E. Zergler, William H. Bowsun, William K. Cooper, Jeremiah Cogley, Thomas W. Dewese, Asbery W. Elberty, Abraham Files, Daniel Fessler, John Hughes, John Jones, Thomas Kinhead, John S. Langton, William G. Mitchell, John S. Miller, Robert A. Mathner, William A. Nelson, John A. Nale, John M. Postlethwait, James H. Sterrett, Theodore B. Smith, Charles W. Stahl, Thomas M. Uttley, David B. Weber, George White, William E. Benner, William Cowden, Samuel Comfort, George W. Elberty, William H. Freeborn, J.. Bingham Farrer, Owen M. Fowler, John T. Hunter, James M. Jackson, Henry F. Keiser, Charles E. Laub, William R. McCay, Joseph A. Miller, John A. McKee, Robert Nelson, James Price, Bronson Rothrock, William Sherwood, Nathaniel W. Scott, George A. Snyder, Franklin H. Wentz, Henry G. Walters, Philip Winterod.

ALLEN INFANTRY, OF ALLENTOWN.

OFFICERS AND NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.-Captain, Thomas B. Yeager; First Lieutenant, Joseph Wilt; Second Lieutenant, Solomon Geoble.

PRIVATES.-John G. Webster, Samuel Schneck, David Kramer, David Jacobs, Edwin Gross. Charles Deitrich, M. R. Fuller, Edwin H. Miller, Ben. Weiandt, Darius Weiss, John Romig. Isaac Gresser. Milton H. Dunlap, Wilson H. Derr, Joseph Weiss, William Kress, William Ruhe, Charles A. Schiffert, Nathaniel Hillegar, George A. Keiper, James Geidner, Gideon Frederick, Norman N. Cole, William Early, George Haxworth. Chas. A. Pfeiffer, James M. Wilson, M. G. Frame, Joseph Hettinger, George Henry, Jonathan W. Reber, Henry Stork, John Hoke. Martin W. Leisenring, Franklin Leh, Ernest Rottman, Allen Wetherhold, George W. Rhoads, Wm. H. Sigmund, William Wagner, Wm. Wolf, Lewis Seip, Edwin Hittle, William S. Davis, C. Slatterdach.

CONSPIRATORS ALARMED BY LOYALTY.

409

CHAPTER XVIL.

EVENTS IN AND NEAR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL

ALTIMORE became the theater of a sad tragedy on the day after the loyal Pennsylvanians passed through it to the Capital. The conspirators and secessionists there, who were in complicity with those of Virginia, had been compelled, for some time, to be very circumspect, on account of the loyalty of the great body of the people. Public displays of sympathy with the revolutionists were quickly resented. When, in the exuberance of their joy on the "secession of Virginia," these sympathizers ventured to take a cannon to Federal Hill, raise a secession flag, and fire a salute," the workmen in the iron foundries near there turned out, captured the great gun and cast it into the waters of the Patapsco, tore the banner into shreds, and made the disunionists fly in consternation. At about the same time, a man seen in the streets with a secession cockade on his hat was pursued by the populace, and compelled to seek the protection of the police. These and similar events were such significant admonitions for the conspirators that they prudently worked in secret. They had met every night in their private room in the Taylor Building, on Fayette Street; and there they formed their plans for resistance to the passage of Northern troops through Baltimore.

April 18,

1861.

April 18.

On the day when the Pennsylvanians passed through,' some leading Virginians came down to Baltimore from Charlestown and Winchester as representatives of many others of their class, and demanded of the managers of the Baltimore and Ohio Railway not only pledges, but guaranties, that no National troops, nor any munitions of war from the Armory and Arsenal at Harper's Ferry, should be permitted to pass over their road. They accompanied their demand with a threat that, if it should be refused, the great railway bridge over the Potomac at Harper's Ferry should be destroyed. They had heard of the uprising of the loyal people of the great Northwest, and the movement of troops toward the National Capital from that teeming hive, and they came to effect the closing of the most direct railway communication for them. They had heard how Governor Dennison, with a trumpet-toned proclamation, had summoned the people of Ohio, on the very day when the President's call appeared, to "rise above all party names and party bias, resolute to maintain the freedom so dearly bought by our fathers, and to transmit it unimpaired

⚫ April 15.

See page 278.

410

MEETING OF SECESSIONISTS IN BALTIMORE.

to our posterity," and to fly to the protection of the imperiled Republic. They almost felt the tread of the tall men of the Ohio Valley,' as they were preparing to pass over the "Beautiful River" into the Virginia border. They had heard the war-notes of Blair, and Morton, and Yates, and Randall, and Kirkwood, and Ramsay, all loyal Governors of the populous and puissant States of that great Northwest, and were satisfied that the people would respond as promptly as had those of New England; so they hastened to bar up the nearest passage for them to the Capital over the Alleghany Mountains, until the disloyal Minute-men of Maryland and Virginia, and of the District of Columbia, should fulfill the instructions and satisfy the expectations of the conspirators at Montgomery in the seizure of the Capital. They found ready and eager sympathizers in Baltimore; and only a few hours before the coveted arms in the Harper's Ferry Arsenal were set a-blazing, and the Virginia plunderers were foiled, the “National Volunteer Association" of Baltimore (under whose auspices the secession flag had been raised on Federal Hill that day, and a salute attempted in honor of the secession of Virginia), led by its President, William Burns, held a meeting in Monument Square. T. Parkins Scott presided. He and others addressed a multitude of citizens, numbered by thousands. They harangued the people with exciting and incendiary phrases. They denounced “coercion,” and called upon the people to arm and drill, for a conflict was at hand. "I do not care," said Wilson C. Carr, "how many Federal troops are sent to Washington, they will soon find themselves surrounded by such an army from Virginia and Maryland that escape to their homes will be impossible; and when the seventy-five thousand who are intended to invade the South shall have polluted that soil with their touch, the South will exterminate and sweep them from the earth." These words were received with the wildest yells and huzzas, and the meeting finally broke up with three cheers for "the South," and the same for "President Davis."

With such seditious teachings; with such words of encouragement to mob violence ringing in their ears, the populace of Baltimore went to their slumbers on that night of the 18th of April, when it was known that a portion of the seventy-five thousand to be slaughtered were on their way from New England, and would probably reach the city on the morrow. While the people were slumbering, the secessionists were holding meetings in different wards, and the conspirators were planning dark deeds for that morrow, at Taylor's Building. There, it is said, the Chief of Police, Kane, and the President of the Monument Square meeting, and others, counseled resistance to any Northern or Western troops who might attempt to pass through the city.

There was much feverishness in the public mind in Baltimore on the morning of the 19th of April. Groups of excited men were seen on the corners of streets, and at the places of public resort. Well-known secessionists were hurrying to and fro with unusual agility; and in front of the

By actual measurement of two hundred and thirty-nine native Americans in five counties in the Ohio Valley, taken indiscriminately, it appears that one-fourth of them were six feet and over in hight. As compared with European soldiers, such as the Belgians, the English, and the Scotch Highlanders, it was found that the average hight of these Ohio men was four inches over that of the Belgians, two and a half inches above that of English recruits, and one and a half inches above that of the Scotch Highlanders.

2 Greeley's American Conflict, i. 462.

ATTACK ON MASSACHUSETTS TROOPS.
MASSAC

411

store of Charles M. Jackson, on Pratt Street, near Gay, where lay the only railway from Philadelphia to Washington, through Baltimore, a large quantity of the round pavement stones had been taken up during the night and piled in a heap; and near them was a cart-load of gravel, giving the impression that repairs of the street were about to be made.

Intelligence came at an early hour of the evacuation and destruction of the public property at Harper's Ferry, on the previous evening. The secessionists were exasperated and the Unionists were jubilant. Baltimore was filled with the wildest excitement. This was intensified by information that a large number of Northern troops were approaching the city from Philadelphia. These arrived at the President Street Station at twenty minutes past eleven o'clock in the forenoon, in twelve passenger and several freight cars, the latter furnished with benches. The troops, about two thousand in all, were the Sixth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, Colonel Jones, and, ten companies of the Washington Brigade, of Philadelphia, under General William H. Small.

When the train reached the President Street Station, between which and the Camden Street or Washington Station the cars were drawn singly by horses, a mob of about five hundred men were waiting to receive them. These were soon joined by others, and the number was increased to at least two thousand before the cars were started. The mob followed with yells, groans, and horrid imprecations. Eight cars, containing a portion of the Massachusetts Regiment, passed on without

much harm. The mob threw some stones and
bricks, and shouted lustily for "Jeff. Davis and
the Southern Confederacy." The troops re-
mained quietly in the cars, and reached the
Camden Street Station in safety. There they
were met by another crowd, who had been
collecting all the morning. These hooted and T
yelled at the soldiers as they were transferred
to the Baltimore and Ohio Railway cars, and
threw some stones and bricks. One of these
struck and bruised Colonel Jones, who was
superintending the transfer.

SIXTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.

The mob on Pratt Street, near the head of the Basin, became more furious every moment; and when the ninth car reached Gay Street, and there was a brief halt on account of a deranged brake, they could no longer be restrained. The heap of loose stones, that appeared so mysteriously in front of Jackson's store, were soon hurled upon the car as it passed along Pratt Street. Every window was demolished, and several soldiers were hurt. Then the cry was raised, "Tear up the track!" There were no present means for doing it, so the mob seized some anchors lying on the

1 Six of the ten companies were of the First Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Berry, and the other four were of the Second Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Schoenleber and Major Gullman.

412

SCENE OF THE PRINCIPAL CONTEST.

wharf near Jackson's store, and, dragging them upon the railway track, effectually barricaded the street. The tenth car was compelled to go back to the President Street Station, followed by a yelling, infuriated mob, many of them maddened by alcohol.

In the mean time the remainder of the Massachusetts troops, who were in the cars back of the barricade, informed of the condition of affairs ahead,

alighted for the purpose of marching to the Camden Street Station. They consisted of four companies, namely, the Lawrence Light Infantry, Captain John Pickering; Companies C and D, of Lowell, commanded respectively by Captains A. S. Follansbee and J. W. Hart; and the Stoneham Company, under Captain Dike. They were speedily formed on the side-walk, and Captain Follansbee was chosen the commander of the whole for the occasion. He wheeled them into column, and directed them to march in close order. Before they were ready to move the mob was upon them, led by a man with a secession flag upon a pole, who told the troops that they should never march through the city-that "every nigger of them" would be killed before they could reach the other station.

Captain Follansbee paid no attention to these threats, though his little band was confronted by thousands of infuriated men. He gave the words, "Forward, March!" in a clear voice. The order was a signal for the mob, who commenced hurling stones and bricks, and every missile at hand, as the troops moved steadily up President Street. At the corner of Fawn and President Streets, a furious rush was made upon them, and the missiles filled the air like hail. A policeman was called to lead the way, and the troops advanced at the "double-quick." They found the planks of the Pratt Street Bridge, over Jones's Falls, torn up, but they passed over without accident, when they were assailed more furiously than ever. Several of the soldiers

1 This is a view of the portion of Pratt Street, between Gay and South Streets, where the most severe contest occurred. The large building seen on the left is the storehouse of Charles M. Jackson, and the bow of the vessel is seen at the place where the rioters dragged the anchors upon the railway track.