THE

PICTORIAL FIELD BOOK

OP

THE CIVIL WAR

IN THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

BY BENSON J. LOSSING.

ILLUSTRATED BY MANY HUNDRED ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD, BY LOSSING AND BARRITT, FROM SKETCHES BY THE AUTHOR AND OTHERS.

THREE VOLUMES IN ONE.

VOLUME II.

HARTFORD:

T. BELKNAP, PUBLISHER.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866,

BY BENSON J. LOSSING,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

PREFACE.

HE peculiar circumstances under which this work has been prepared, caused a much longer interval between the appearance of the first and second volumes than was expected; but the delay has been an advantage to the book, because it has enabled the author to procure and use more authentic and valuable materials than could have been obtained earlier, especially from Confederate sources.

An essential part of the original plan of the writer, and which has been carried out, was to make a personal visit to the principal battle-fields and other places of interest connected. with the Civil War. This could not be done within the Con* federate lines during the war, and it was difficult to do so in many places for several months after the conflict had ceased. As much as possible of this labor was accomplished before the completion of the first volume, in which the events of the conflict, civil and military, to the close of the first battle of Bull's Run, are recorded.

After the first volume was completed, in the spring of 1866, the writer made a journey of several thousand miles in visiting the historical localities within the bounds of the Confederacy, observing the topography of battle-fields and the region of the movements of the great armies, making sketches, conversing with actors in the scenes, procuring documents, and in every possible way gathering valuable materials for the work. The writer bore a cordial letter of introduction from General Grant to any officer commanding a military post within the late Slavelabor States, asking him to afford the bearer every facility in his power. To General O. O. Howard the writer was also indebted for a similar letter, directed to any agent of the Freedmen's Bureau. These, and the kind services everywhere proffered by,

and received from, persons who had been in the Confederate ar mies, procured for the author extraordinary facilities for gathering historical materials, and he was enabled to send and bring home a large amount of valuable matter. This had to be carefully examined and collated. In this and kindred labor, and in the construction of small illustrative maps, and the preparation of the sketches for the engraver, all by his own hands, months were consumed, and the delay in the appearance of the second volume was the consequence.

THE RIDGE, DOVER PLAINS, N. Y., September, 1873.

B. J. L

EFFECT OF THE BATTLE OF BULL'S RUN.-REORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.-CONGRESS AND THE COUNCIL OF THE CONSPIRATORS.-EAST TENNESSEE.

Effect of the Battle of Bull's Run, page 17.-The Story in both Sections-Scenes in Richmond and in Washington-A sad Picture, 18.-The Story in Europe-Hopes and Predictions of the Ruling Classes there-Relative Position of the Combatants, 19.-Another Uprising of the People-The Exultation of the Confederates-The "United South," how formed, 20.-Sufferings of Southern Unionists-The Confederate Army iminovableJefferson Davis a Marplot, 21.-Why the Confederate Army was immovable-Alarm of the Conspirators, 22.-General McClellan at the Head of the Army of the Potomac-Reorganization of that Army, 23.-The Defenses of Washington, 24.-Purchase of Arms for the Government-Domestic Manufactures of Arms, 25. -Prisoners taken at Bull's Run, in Richmond-Tobacco Warehouse Prison and Commissary Winder, 26.~ "Richmond Prison Association "-Kind Women in Richmond, 27.-Object of the War declared by Congress -Measures for crushing the Rebellion opposed, 28-Thaddeus Stevens's Warnings-Peace Proposition, 29. -A National Loan authorized, 30.-Appeal of the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Response-The Provisional Congress of the Conspirators, 31.-Jefferson Davis's Misstatements, 82.-Determination of Davis and his Fellow-Conspirators to wage War vigorously-Confiscations, 83.-Protection of Pirates-Davis's so-called "Departments," and their Heads, 34.-Persecution of Union Men, 35.-Outrages in East Tennes36.-Brownlow and other Loyalists hunted-Blood-Hounds, 87.-Unionists in Prison-Brutal Order of Judah P. Benjamin, 38.-Brownlow's Deflance-His Release, 39.-Writs of Garnishment-Denunciations by Pettigru, 40.-Pettigru's Actions reviewed, 41.

see,

CHAPTER II.

Position of National Troops in Missouri-Sigel's Pursuit of Price, 42.-Battle near Carthage, 43.-Sigel's Retreat to Springfield-Lyon's March Southward, 44.-He hastens toward Springfield-Confederates Marching on that Town, 45.-Lyon goes out to meet them-Battle at Dug Springs, 46.-Price and McCulloch at variance -The Confederates at Wilson's Creek, 47.-Lyon marches out to attack them, 48.-Battle of Wilson's Creek, 49.-Death of General Lyon-Major Sturgis in command-Sigel's Troops lost by a Trick of the Confederates, 58.-A Drawn Battle-Retreat of the National Troops Northward, 54.-Guerrillas in MissouriActivity of Union Troops-Civil Affairs in Missouri, 55.-Promises of Protection to Slavery-Movements of the Missouri Traitors-A Military Despotism proclaimed, 56.-Operations of Hardee, Thompson, and Pillow, 57.-Measures for annexing Missouri to the Confederacy, 58.-General Fremont in command in the Western Department-His Embarrassments, 59.-Aspect of Affairs in his Department-Kentucky Neutrality a Help to the Insurgents, 60.-Cairo and its Vicinity strengthened-Pillow anxious for a Union of Confederate Forces, 61.-The Confederates alarmed-Polk orders Pillow to fly from Missouri, 62.-Activity of Missouri Secessionists-Guerrilla Bands, 63.-Fremont proclaims Martial Law throughout MessonriSecessionists rigorously treated-Fremont's Emancipation Proclamation, 64.-The Proclamation modified by the President-Relations of the Government to Slavery, 65.