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The Spanish War, 1745.-" The Old French War."-War ex-
pected between England and Spain. - Preparations. - De-
clared in 1739.-Forces required against the Spanish Islands.
-Havana taken, but abandoned in consequence of a great
Mortality in the Army.-Declaration of War by France.-
Canso taken by the French.-The Northern Colonies deter-
mine alone to send an Expedition against Louisburg.-As-
sisted by Admiral Warren, they capture it after a Siege.-
Important Consequences. - Campaign of 1746. - Powerful
English and French Armaments prepared for America.-The
Pretender's Insurrection in Scotland.-The English Fleet not
sent. The French Fleet dispersed.-Campaign of 1747.-
Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.-American Conquests restored to
the French
Page 270
CHAPTER XXXIV. 1747-1756.
A Period of Peace and Prosperity.-The Custom house Officer
of New-London suspected of Pilfering from the Cargo of a
Spanish Vessel in store.-A Charge of Participating in the
Act made against Governor Wolcott.-Mr. Fitch elected
Governor.-The French strengthen and extend their Posts
and Fortresses on the North and West.-Their Intentions.-
The Ohio Company.-Fort Du Quesne built by the French.-
Washington's first Military Expedition.-Its Ill-success.-The
Union of all the Colonies contemplated.-Meeting of Com.
missioners at Albany.-Connecticut alone withholds her As-
sent to a Plan proposed.-No System adopted.--General
Braddock arrives from England as Commander-in-chief.—
Three Expeditions prepared and sent against Forts Du
Quesne, Frontignac, and Crown Point-Colonel Monckton
obtains Possession of Nova Scotia.-Braddock's Defeat and
Death.-Battle of Lake George, and Defeat and Death of
General Dieskau.--Governor Shirley unsuccessful against
Fort Frontignac
CHAPTER XXXV. 1756.
280
War now declared after a bloody Campaign in America.-Earl
of Loudon Coinmander in-chief-Plan of Operations.-De-
lays. Fort Oswego taken by the French under the Marquis
of Montcalm.-General Abercrombie does not proceed against
Crown Point.-The Campaign of 1757.-The British Minis-
try send out only a Squadron of Ships to attack Louisburg,
which attempts nothing.-No sufficient Force being prepared
at Lake George, Montcalm takes Fort William Henry.-The
Massacre.-Inhumanity of General Webb
CHAPTER XXXVI.
1758-59.
Page 291
Mr. Pitt Prime Minister of England.-His Energy.-Campaign
of 1758.-Preparations for the entire Reduction of the French
Power in Canada.-Admiral Boscawen and General Wolfe
attack Louisburg.-It Capitulates.-Lord Howe is killed at
Lake George.-Abercrombie's unskilful and unsuccessful At-
tempt against Ticonderoga.-He retreats.-Fort Frontignac
taken by Colonel Bradstreet.-General Forbes captures Fort
Du Quesne.-The Campaign of 1759.- General Amherst ex-
pels the French from Ticonderoga and Crown Point.-Builds
a Fortress at the latter Place.-Fort Niagara taken by General
Johnson. General Wolfe sails to Quebec with Admiral
Saunders.-Repulsed at Montmorency.-Scales the Precipice
to the Heights of Abraham.-Defeats the Marquis of Mont-
calm.-Quebec Capitulates.-General Amherst, with 10,000
Men, proceeds by Oswego to Montreal.-Takes that City.-
The Marquis of Vaudreuil surrenders all Canada to England
295
England at War with most of the European Powers.-A large
Supply of Troops demanded of the Colonies.-Admiral Rod-
ney's Expedition in the West Indies captures Martinique and
the Caribbee Islands.-Admiral Pococke and Lord Albemarle,
aided by Provincials, take Havana.-The Philippine Islands
taken from Spain by Admiral Cornish.-Treaty of Peace at
Fontainebleau gives Florida to England.-Indian War.-Sev-
eral Fortresses surprised by them.-Much Blood shed on the
Western Frontiers.-Major Putnam sent from Connecticut
under Command of General Gage.--Treaty of Peace with
many Western Tribes. Settlement of the Susquehanna
Country by a Colony from Connecticut.-Collision with Penn-
sylvania.-The Question unsettled till after the Revolution.
-Connecticut then received in exchange a part of Ohio 308
CHAPTER XXXVIII. 1761-1762.
Causes of the Revolution.-The Colonists of New-England
claim Equal Rights with the Inhabitants of England.-Rea-
sons why the People of Connecticut valued their Charter.
-First Restrictions on Trade.-The Navigation Act of 1651
never submitted to in New-England.-Restrictions on Imports
in 1663.-Ditto on Trade between the Colonies in 1672.-
Board of Trade and the Colonies formed in 1696.-Restric
tions on Manufactures commenced in 1699-1719.-The Erec
tion of Manufactories forbidden, and the Making of various Ar-
ticles.-Appeals from the Courts required in England in 1680.
-Governors' Salaries.-Taxes.-A Change in the Govern-
ment contemplated in 1762.-The Stamp Act
CHAPTER XXXIX. 1765.
Page 318
The first General Congress of the Colonies.-Declaration of
Rights.-The Sons of Liberty.-The Stamp Act disregarded.
-Taxes.-Riots.-Governor Gage sends troops to Boston to
enforce the Acts of Parliament.-The Taxes repealed, ex-
cept that on Tea.-Commerce with Boston forbidden.-The
Government of Massachusetts overthrown.-General Gage
Governor of that Colony.-Second Congress.-Boston Neck
fortified.-Preparations for Defence.-First shedding of Blood
at Concord.-Troops assemble around Boston
CHAPTER XL. 1775.
324
Surprise of Ticonderoga and Crown Point.-Re-enforcements
arrive at Boston from England.-The Battle of Breed's or
Bunker's Hill.-Militia sent from the neighbouring Colonies.
-General Wooster marches, with 2000 Connecticut Militia,
to protect New-York.-Congress order the raising of an Ar-
my.-They appoint Washington Commander-in-chief.-Con-
dition of Boston on his Arrival.-Expedition to Quebec.--
Marauding in Long Island Sound
CHAPTER XLI. 1775-1776.
331
Discontent of the Militia at Boston.-Spirited Measures of
Connecticut to furnish Re-enforcements.-Volunteers raised
there for New-York.-Colonel Knowlton.-News of the Dis-
asters in Canada.-Troops sent thither.- Preparations to
evacuate Boston.-Washington_occupies Lechmere's Point
and Dorchester Heights.-The British retire in Haste.-The
Americans enter and occupy Boston.-The Troops sent off to
New-York in Detachments.-Military Arrangements.-Loy-
alists sent to Connecticut for Security
352
CHAPTER XLII. 1776.
British Fleet under General and Lord Howe begins to arrive at
New-York. Declaration of Independence.-Unfortunate Sit-
uation of General Knox and the Army on Lake Champlain.
-British Re-enforcements at Staten Island-Call on Con-
necticut for more Troops.-Fourteen Regiments march under
Colonel Wolcott.-The Battle of Long Island.-Retreat of
the Americans.-Militia Desert.-New Re-enforcements from
Connecticut.-New-York Evacuated by the Americans.-
They are driven into New-Jersey.-Battles of Trenton and
Princeton
Page 360
CHAPTER XLIII. 1777-1778.
Danbury burned.-Congress endeavour to restore the Value of
Continental Money.-They apply to Foreign Powers for aid,
without success.-General Burgoyne invades New-York from
Canada. He is Defeated at Saratoga, and Captured, with his
Army. Treaty with France in February, 1778 -Exertions
made by England to reconcile America.-The French Cabi
net betray a selfish Spirit.-Blockade of the British in New-
port. The Americans retire.-Massacre at Wyoming.-Final
Settlement of the disputed Jurisdiction
371
War in Georgia.-Norfolk taken.-Sullivan's Expedition.-Mu
tiny at Reading, Connecticut.-British attempt to reach Stam.
ford.-New-Haven taken by General Tryon.-Fairfield and
Norwalk burned.-Stony Point taken.-Arnold's Treachery.
-Execution. of André.-Sufferings of the Army in Pennsylva
nia. Preparations to Besiege New-York in 1780-The Seat
of War changed to Virginia.-Capture of New-London.-
Massacre at Groton Fort.-English Depredations.-A Con-
gregation captured on the Sabbath.-Severe Treatment of
Prisoners.-Siege and Capture of Yorktown.-Negotiations
for Peace. Close of the War.-The Army at Newburg in-
cited to Revolt.-Washington persuades them to be Dis-
missed in Peace.-He resigns his Commission
CHAPTER. XLV.
385
The Debt of the Country and of Connecticut at the Close of the
Revolutionary War.-Mr. Jay's commercial Treaty with Great
Britain.-Effects in Connecticut.-Various Branches of In-
dustry and Enterprise.-New Settlements.-Revival of the
Fisheries.-General Hamilton's Plan for the Encouragement
of Manufactures.-Importance of Mr. Whitney's Invention of
the Cotton-gin. Other Inventions.-The commercial Treaty
of 1806.-American Commerce with Great Britain Page 403
CHAPTER XLVI. 1806-1812.
The Attachment of Connecticut to the Policy of Washington.
-Her Adherence to the Federal Party.-The Non-intercourse
Laws. The Embargo.-War declared against Great Britain
in 1812.-Act of Congress to raise 100,000 Militia.-Governor
Griswold required to detach 3000 Men.-General Dearborn
applies for Militia to do garrison Duty under United States
Officers. He is refused by the Governor.-The Legislature
approves of his Refusal.-The Ground of it
CHAPTER XLVII.
1813-1814.
415
The War continues.--The British Squadron off New-London.-
Three United States' Ships driven by it into New-London.-
Troops demanded and furnished by Connecticut for their Pro-
tection and the Defence of that place.-Capture of Poutapaug
by the British.-Destruction of Property.-The Governor and
Legislature complain that Connecticut is left unprotected by
the General Government.-Requisition on Connecticut for
3000 men.-Attack on Stonington by a British Fleet.-The
Coast of the United States kept in a state of Alarm.-The
Capture of Washington and Alexandria.-Defeat and Death
of General Ross near Baltimore
. 426
The President calls an extra Session of Congress.-Alarming
Apprehensions from the Enemy.-Mr. Monroe's Plan for in-
creasing and concentrating the Military Power of the United
States.-Resolutions passed by the Assembly of Connecti-
cut, protesting against as Unconstitutional and threaten-
ing to Liberty.-Castine captured by the Enemy.-Petitions
to the Legislature of Massachusetts for a Convention.-It
meets at Hartford.-Its Proceedings.-The News of Peace.
-Received with general Joy.
433
CHAPTER XLIX. 1814.
Depression of Manufactures.-Fall of Prices.-Immense Moral
Evils resulting from the Trade with the West Indies.-In-
temperance prevails.-Temperance Societies.
440