the sitting the members proceeded, in a Pozzo di Borgo, and others, attended; and body, to the emperor of Russia, who, after the result was, that the Bourbon dynasty receiving their homage, addressed them in should be restored. At the breaking up of these terms:-"A man, who called himself the conference, marshals Ney and Macdonmy ally, came as an unjust aggressor into ald returned to Fontainbleau, where they my dominions. It is against him, and not arrived at eleven o'clock at night on the against France, that I have carried on the fifth. Ney was the first to enter the apart war. I am the friend of the French, and ments of the palace, when Buonaparte inyou cause me to renew this declaration. It quired, with earnestness, if he had succeedis just and wise that France should have ed. "In part, sire," said the marshal, "but strong and liberal institutions, commensu- not in regard to the regency-it was too rate with her present enlightened state. late-revolutions never give way. This The allies and I have only come to protect has taken its course, and the senate will tothe freedom of your decisions. As a proof morrow recognize the Bourbons." The of the durable alliance which I wish to con- marshal then proceeded to state that the tract with your nation, I restore to you all personal safety of the emperor and his family the prisoners now in Russia. The provi- had been stipulated for; that he would be sional government has solicited this of me: permitted to retire to the Isle of Elba, which I grant it to the senate in consequence of was to be possessed by him in full sovethe resolution which it has taken." Thus reignty; and that a stipend of two million were two hundred thousand French captives of francs would be allowed for his annual restored without ransom, and returned, from expenditure. In virtue of these arrange

the extremities of Europe and Asia, to the ments Buonaparte consented to the entire bosom of their families. renunciation of his rights, and on the sixth Marshal Marmont, in a correspondence of April announced his abdication in the fol with prince Schwartzenberg, on the third of lowing terms:-"The allied powers have April, professed his readiness to accede to proclaimed that the emperor Napoleon is the decree by which Buonaparte was de- the only obstacle to the re-establishment of clared to have forfeited the throne of France; peace in Europe: the emperor, faithful to but he required, as a guarantee, that all troops his oath, declares that he renounces, for himquitting the standard of Napoleon should self and his heirs, the thrones of France have leave to pass freely into Normandy; and Italy; and that there is no personal sacand that, if the events of the war should rifice, even that of life, which he is not reaplace Buonaparte as a prisoner in the hands dy to make for the interest of France." In of the allies, his life and safety should be the event of her surviving him, a reversion guarantied, and he should be sent to a coun- of one million of francs was to be enjoyed try chosen by the allied powers and the by his consort, Maria Louisa, to whom were French government. To these demands assigned the dutchies of Parma, Placentia, prince Schwartzenberg acceded; and Mar- and Guastalla; and a revenue of two million mont, with his corps of twelve thousand five hundred thousand francs was assigned men, passed within the lines of the allies. in various proportions to his mother, broIn the mean time Buonaparte collected all thers, and sisters. These revenues were to his troops at Fontainbleau, amounting to sixty be charged on the great book of France. thousand men, and announced that it was Joseph and Jerome Buonaparte fled from his intention to march his army to the capi- Blois, after endeavoring to compel their sis tal, and to repel the invaders. The strug. ter-in-law to accompany them to Orleans gle, however, had become hopeless, and Next day count Schouwalow arrived to take major-general Berthier was deputed to re- her under his protection, and to conduct her pair to the palace during the night of the to the head-quarters of the emperor of Austhird of April, and to recommend to Buona- tria. On the twentieth Buonaparte departparte the salutary measure of abdication. ed from Fontainbleau for Elba, accompanied The first mention of the subject roused him by generals Bertrand and Drouet, who reinto rage; but when marshals Ney, Oudinot, tired with him to that island. The exiles and Macdonald, who afterwards arrived, as- were escorted on their journey by four supesured him that this alone could save the rior officers, acting as commissioners to the country, his spirit seemed subdued, and he allied powers, together with one hundred consented to abdicate his throne in favor of and fifty foreign troops, supported by detachhis son, the infant king of Rome. This pro- ments placed at a distance from each other. posal it was determined to submit to the On the twelfth of March, the city of senate and the French nation; and on the Bourdeaux was occupied by marshal Beresfourth marshals Ney and Macdonald, accom- ford, with a detachment of fifteen thousand panied by Caulincourt, were deputed to re- men, at the request of the inhabitants, who, pair to Paris for that purpose. At the con- having mounted the white cockade and deference which ensued, Talleyrand, general clared for the Bourbons, had received the

duc d'Angouleme, nephew to the unfortu-everywhere cease, and that the allied arnate Louis the sixteenth, and husband to his mies should evacuate the French territory daughter, with general acclamations. On in fourteen days; the boundary line to be the twenty-fifth of March, two deputies from observed being that which constituted the Bourdeaux arrived in England, and waited limits of France on the first of January, 1792. on Louis the eighteenth at Hartwell House; shortly after which deputies also came from other parts of France.

Fifteen days were allowed for mutual evacuations in Piedmont, and twenty days in Spain; the fleets were to remain in their BATTLE OF TOULOUSE. then present stations; but all blockades were SOULT retreated towards Toulouse, which, to be raised, and the fisheries and coasting though naturally not very strong, he had trade permitted. All prisoners were mutime to place in a posture of defence, as the tually liberated, and sent to their respective continual falls of rain impeded the advance countries. On the third of May, Louis the of the allied army. On the eighth of April, eighteenth, (who had been conducted into the French cavalry were driven from a vil- London by the prince-regent, and convoyed lage on a small river which falls into the from Dover to Calais by the duke of ClarGaronne, below the town. The ninth was ence, at which places he was joyfully weloccupied in making preparations; and on comed) made his solemn entry into Paris. the tenth they were carried into execution. The procession was very brilliant, and passed After a long and arduous contest, the allied in perfect order and decorum; but the exarmies established themselves on three of pressions of satisfaction were by no means the sides of Toulouse; and, having turned universal, particularly among the soldiery. the French army, compelled it finally to re- On the preceding day, he had issued a detreat, leaving three generals, D'Harisse, claration, forming the basis of that constituBurrot, and St. Hillaire, and sixteen hundred tional charter by which the liberties of the men, prisoners in the hands of the victors. nation were to be secured. The representOf the numerous battles fought by lord Wel-ation was to be vested in two bodies, the lington in the south of Europe, that of Tou- chambers of peers and of deputies; the taxes louse, which was the last of the campaign to be freely granted; public and individual and of the war, was the most sanguinary : liberty to be secured; the liberty of the the engagement, which commenced at seven press, saving necessary precautions for pubo'clock in the morning, did not cease till the lic tranquillity, to be respected; liberty of same hour in the evening; and the number worship allowed; property to be inviolable, of the killed and wounded, in the allied ar- and the sale of national estates irrevocable; mies, amounted to nearly five thousand. On the ministers responsible; the judicial power the eleventh, intelligence reached Toulouse independent, and the public debt guaranthat Buonaparte was dethroned, and the in- tied; the pensions, ranks, and honors of the formation was immediately communicated military, and the ancient and new nobility, to marshals Soult and Suchet; but they did were to be preserved, and the legion of not consider it sufficiently authentic to in- honor maintained. duce them to lay down their arms; and, in the interval, Sir John Hope was made On the thirteenth of May, a definitive prisoner in a sortie of the enemy from treaty of peace was signed at Paris, by which Bayonne. Other arrivals, however, placed the integrity of the French boundaries, as the fact out of all doubt, and a suspension of they existed on the first of January, 1792, hostilities was agreed upon, on the same ba- was assured, with some small additions on sis as the convention of Paris. the side of Germany and Belgium, and a CONVENTION OF PARIS-ENTRANCE OF more considerable annexation on that of LOUIS EIGHTEENTH, Savoy, including Chamberi and Annecy,

PEACE.

Ar the period of the restoration, Louis the together with Avignon, the Venaissin, and eighteenth was confined, at his rural retire- Montbeliard. The navigation of the Rhine ment in England, by sickness and infirmity; was declared free-the duties payable on its in consequence of which his brother, the banks to be hereafter settled; Holland, uncount d'Artois, was appointed lieutenant-der the sovereignty of the house of Orange, general of France, and made his public entry was to receive an increase of territory-the into Paris on the twelfth of April, surrounded sovereignty in no case to be united with a by several of the great officers of state, and foreign crown; the German states were to attended by a group of French marshals. be independent, and united by a federal On the fifteenth, the emperor of Austria, league; Switzerland to be independent under who had hitherto remained at Dijon, also its own government; Italy, out of the Aus entered the French capital in great state. trian limits, to be composed of sovereign On the twenty-third, a convention was signed states; Malta, and its dependencies, to bebetween the allied powers and France, by long to Great Britain. France recovered which it was agreed that hostilities should all the colonies, settlements, and fisheries

which she possessed on the first of January, the concurrent efforts of the Bourbon sove1792, excepting Tobago, St. Lucie, and the reigns. He had also announced his intenIsle of France, with its dependencies, which tion of reviving all the monastic institutions, were ceded to England; and a part of St. and invited the dispersed members of those Domingo, which was to revert to Spain. fraternities to repair to Rome, where the vaThe king of Sweden renounced, in favor of cant convents should be prepared for their France, his claims on Guadaloupe, and Por- reception. tugal restored French Guiana. In her com- In Spain, one of the latest artifices of merce with British India, France was to en- Buonaparte was that of proposing to liberate joy the facilities granted to the most favored Ferdinand the seventh, on condition that he nations, but not to erect fortifications in the should deliver up certain garrisons to the establishments restored to her. The naval French. By this means the enemy would arsenals and ships of war, in the maritime have been reinforced with twenty thousand fortresses which she surrendered in the late men, which might have turned the scale convention, were to be divided between her against lord Wellington, and thus the spreadand the countries in which such fortresses ing of the insurrection in favor of Louis the were situated; Antwerp, in future, to be eighteenth, in the southern departments of only a commercial port. Plenipotentiaries France, would have been impeded: general from the powers engaged in the late war Copons, however, succeeded in obtaining the were to assemble at Vienna, to complete the person of Ferdinand without acceding to the dispositions of the treaty. The king of invidious demand of the French ruler. The France engaged to co-operate with his Brit- liberated monarch arrived at Gerona on the annic majesty in his efforts for obtaining the twenty-fourth of March, and was everytotal abolition of the slave-trade; and, after where enthusiastically received by the Spanthe private claims of her subjects on France ish people. Their beloved sovereign was should have been satisfied, Great Britain restored to their wishes, and their hearts generously consented to remit in her favor cherished the reviving thought of peace, hapthe whole excess for the maintenance of prisoners of war.

piness, and security; but, alas! how soon was the intoxicating chalice fated to be ROYAL VISITORS TO ENGLAND. dashed from their lips! One of the first imTHE restoration of peace, after so long pulses of the "beloved Ferdinand" was to and arduous a struggle, was hailed in Eng- overturn the constitution which had been land with the most lively satisfaction; an framed by the cortes-to spurn his deliverair of gladness, joy, and exultation, was dif- ers from his presence-to condemn the safused over the whole country; and the me- viors of their country to exile, imprisontropolis was converted into a scene of gaiety, ment, and death-to re-establish the inquinever surpassed on any occasion, by the ar- sition-and to encompass himself within a rival, early in June, of the emperor of Rus-pestiferous swarm of bigoted priests and sia and his sister, the grand dutchess of Old-crime-diseased noblesse, the wretched remenburgh, the king of Prussia and his sons, nants of his father's infamous court. From with the most distinguished of the allied the arbitrary measures pursued by Ferdinand, generals, including Blucher, Platoff, Barclay it was evident that he would be disposed to de Tolli, Czernicheff, D'Yorck, and Bulow. reduce by force, rather than reclaim by conPrince Metternich, and several of the most ciliation, the revolted colonies. A compuldistinguished continental statesmen, also ac-sory loan, imposed on the merchants of Cadiz, companied them. They were received and enabled him to equip eight thousand troops, entertained with all the honors due to such the command of which was intrusted to genillustrious visitors; and, after a stay of about eral Murillo; and the expedition sailed, tothree weeks, during which illuminations, wards the close of the year, for South Amergalas, and feasting, were the order of the day, ica, where Montevideo held out for the they returned to the continent, to be present mother country, though blockaded by land at a general congress of the European pow- and sea, and reduced to great extremities. ers at Vienna. The naval force of Buenos Ayres was comRESTORATION OF THE POPE-AND FER-manded by commodore Brown, an EnglishDINAND-SOUTH AMERICAN AFFAIRS. man, against whom the governor of MonteONE of the first acts of the French provis- video sent out a flotilla, over which Brown ional government was to facilitate the return obtained a complete victory, and Montevideo of pope Pius the seventh to his dominions; soon afterwards surrendered. In Chili the who, to evince his gratitude to his patrons authority of Ferdinand the seventh was acand to all Europe, adopted the extraordinary knowledged, on condition that trade be freemeasure of re-establishing the order of Je- ly permitted with allied and neutral nations, suits, a detestation of whose principles had, especially with Great Britain. In Venezuela, in 1773, become so universal in the Catholic the royalists obtained a victory which enabled world, that their suppression was effected by them to regain possession of the Caracas.

PARLIAMENT.—HONORS CONFERRED ON time Sir John Hope was raised to the peer

WELLINGTON, &c.

age, under the title of Lord Niddry; Sir PARLIAMENT was not reassembled till the Stapylton Cotton was created Lord Combertwenty-first of March, 1814, when the allied mere; Sir Thomas Graham Lord Lynedoch; armies were within a few days' march of Sir Rowland Hill, Lord Hill; and Sir Wil their ultimate destination. The first busi- liam Beresford, Lord Beresford; and the ness of importance was a motion made by the dignities of the three latter were accomchancellor of the exchequer, for a grant of panied by a grant of two thousand pounds two million pounds, on account of the army per annum each. On the twenty-eighth of extraordinaries, in addition to three million June the duke of Wellington took his seat pounds before voted. On the twenty-second, for the first time in the house of peers, when Goulbourn introduced a bill for preventing he modestly expressed his thanks for the apthe grant of any patent office in the colonies probation bestowed upon his conduct. for any longer term than during such time PRINCESS OF WALES.

as the grantee should discharge the duties of A SHORT time before the arrival of the the office in person, and behave well therein. royal visitors in this country, the princess A bill, introduced by Sir Samuel Romilly, of Wales received a letter from the queen, for taking away corruption of blood in cases acquainting her that in a communication of felony and high treason, was passed, with from her son, the prince-regent, he stated an amendment proposed by Yorke, purport- that her majesty's intention of holding two ing that no attainder of felony not extending drawing-rooms in the ensuing month having to high treason, petty treason, and murder, do lead to corruption of blood.

been notified to the public, he must declare that he considered his own presence at her The price of corn being at this time high, court indispensable; and that he desired it a measure, the object of which was to pro- might be distinctly understood, for reasons hibit importation, excited general alarm, es- of which he alone could be the judge, to be pecially in the manufacturing and commer- his fixed and unalterable determination not cial districts, and its promoters were accused to meet the princess of Wales upon any ocof a design to sacrifice the trading to the casion, either in public or in private. The janded interest, in order to enable the coun- princess replied that, though she could not try gentlemen to keep up their greatly in- so far forget her duty to the king and to creased rents. On the fifth of May, Sir herself as to surrender her right, she should Henry Parnell moved, in the commons, a not, in this instance, present herself at the resolution for permitting, at all times, the drawing-rooms of the next month.-The exportation of grain from any part of the princess next addressed a letter to the United Kingdom. This being carried, a prince, demanding to know what circumsecond resolution was proposed for regulat- stances could justify the proceeding he had ing the importation of grain by a schedule, thus thought fit to adopt. After open peraccording to which, when the home price of secution and mysterious inquiries, upon unwheat was sixty-three shillings per quarter, defined charges, the malice of her enemies, or under, foreign wheat should be liable to a she said, fell entirely upon themselves, and duty of twenty-four shillings; when the home she was restored to the full enjoyment of price was eighty-six shillings, it should be her rank in his majesty's court. She had duty free; and at all intermediate prices the been declared innocent, and would not subsame ratio should be preserved: and a third mit to be treated as guilty. Her royal highresolution for the warehousing of foreign ness proceeded to state that occasions might corn, duty free, for re-exportation. A bill, arise (one she trusted was far distant) when founded on the first resolution, was passed; she must appear in public, and his royal but, in consequence of the great number of highness must be present also. The time petitions against any alteration in the corn selected for this proceeding, she said, made laws, the further consideration of measures it peculiarly galling: many illustrious stranfor regulating the importation was post-gers were already in England, including the poned to another session. heir of the house of Orange, who had anThe prince-regent conferred upon field-nounced himself as her future son-in-law; marshal the marquis of Wellington the dig- others were expected, of equal rank, to renity of duke and marquis of the united joice with his royal highness in the peace kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, by of Europe; her daughter would, for the first the style and title of Marquis Douro and time, appear in the splendor and publicity Duke of Wellington in the county of Som- becoming the approaching nuptials of the erset. To support the dignity thus con- presumptive heiress of the empire; and, of ferred upon him, the sum of four hundred all his majesty's subjects, she alone was prethousand pounds was voted by parliament, vented from appearing in her place to parin addition to one hundred thousand pounds take of the general joy, and deprived of the granted on a former occasion. At the same indulgence in those feelings of pride and af

LORD COCHRANE.

FINANCE.

fection permitted to every mother but her.|ily obtained, permission to make a tour to Her royal highness also addressed a letter the Continent. to the speaker, inclosing, for the information of the house of commons, the correspond- PUBLIC attention was strongly excited ence which had passed on this occasion. during the session by a prosecution against After the letters had been read, Methuen lord Cochrane and seven others, for a conmoved, "that an humble address be present- spiracy to create a fraudulent advance in ed to his royal highness the prince-regent, the price of the public funds, by circulating to pray that he would be graciously pleased false intelligence of the defeat and death of to acquaint the house by whose advice he Buonaparte. The trick was carried into efwas induced to form the fixed and unal- fect, with temporary success, on the eleventh terable determination never to meet her of February; and the whole of the defendroyal highness the princess of Wales, upon ants being found guilty, the sentence passed any occasion, either in public or private." on lord Cochrane was, that he pay a fine of Ministers contended that it was not within five hundred pounds, be imprisoned twelve the province of the house to interfere in this months, and stand once in the pillory! this case; and the debate, which was carried on part of the sentence was, however, rewith closed doors, terminated in Methuen's mitted. On the fifth of July the house of consenting to withdraw his motion, from a commons expelled his lordship by a majority hope that the rigorous proceeding announc- of one hundred and forty to forty-four: he, ed against the princess would not be acted however, asserted his entire ignorance of upon at the approaching drawing-rooms. In the whole plot, that he was placed under this expectation the honorable gentleman disadvantages by the nature of the prosecuwas disappointed; but when the subject was tion and the conduct of the judge: and the again resumed on the twenty-third of June, electors of Westminster felt so confident of Methuen dwelt more upon the necessity of his innocence, that they re-elected him not increasing the establishment of the princess only without opposition, but in triumph. of Wales than on the indignity and injus- His name was also erased from among the tice offered to her; on which lord Castle- knights of the Bath. reagh observed that it was the first time parliament had been told that an increased THE national income and expenditure provision for her royal highness was the ob- were, on the thirteenth of June, brought ject which her friends had in view. His under the consideration of the house of fordship proceeded to state that he had no commons. The whole amount of the joint objection to submit to the house, on a future and separate charges for the service of the day, a proposal on this subject; and, in con- year were stated by the chancellor of the clusion, adverted to a fact not before gene- exchequer at sixty-seven million five hunrally known, namely, that there was in ex- dred and seventeen thousand four hundred istence an instrument dated in the year and seventy-eight pounds for England; and 1809, signed by the prince and princess of for Ireland at eight million one hundred and Wales, and approved by his majesty, and to seven thousand and ninety-four pounds, which his signature, as well as that of a making the total expense of the year sevenlarge proportion of the ministers of the time, ty-five million six hundred and twenty-four was affixed, which provided for a distinct thousand five hundred and seventy-two establishment for the princess, and admitted pounds. To meet the charges upon the the fact of the separation. On the fourth public revenue, the taxes and the ioans of of July lord Castlereagh proposed that such the year for England would produce sixtyan increase should be made to the income seven million seven hundred and eight thouof the princess as would enable her to main-sand five hundred and forty-five pounds. tain an establishment more suited to her The exports of the past year had very consituation in this country; and he thought siderably exceeded those of the most flourthe most desirable measure would be to ishing year at any former period. The raise it to that point to which it would be total amount of the loan for 1814 was twenadvanced in the event of the death of the ty-four million pounds, being eighteen milprince-regent: his proposal therefore was, lion five hundred thousand pounds for Engthat the net annual sum of fifty thousand land, and five million five hundred thousand pounds should be granted to the princess of pounds for Ireland; and, from the terms Wales, and that the five thousand pounds upon which the loan had been negotiated, it and seventeen thousand pounds per annum, might be calculated that the public would which she at present enjoyed, should be remain charged with the yearly interest withheld from the prince-regent's income. upon it of four pounds, twelve shillings and This sum was, at her own request, reduced one penny per cent. At the close of this to thirty-five thousand pounds; and the statement the usual resolutions were read princess shortly afterwards asked, and read-and agreed to, after a remark from PonsonVOL. IV.

50