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restoring to one the possession of what had been withdrawn. In Deut. 23: 15 it is said: Οὐ παραδώσεις παῖδα τῷ κυρίῳ αὐτοῦ, ὃς προστέθειται σοι παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ, “ Thou shalt not restore unto his master the servant, who has escaped from his master unto thee."

NOTE B.

Adequate reason, we think, has been given in the text for the use of the phrase "he must reign until, etc." without supposing that any termination of Christ's kingdom is designed. But if any are still disposed to think that the word 'until' implies such termination, we appeal to the numerous examples where the same term (Heb. 2 Ps. 110: 1, Gr. ayos or os by which alike the Heb. is rendered in the LXX and New Testament) will not admit of any such interpretation. Among other instances are found these: Gen. 28: 15. God says to Jacob "I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of."

1 Sam. 15: 35. "And Samuel came no more to see Saul, until the day of his death." See also 2 Sam. 6: 23.

Is. 22: 14. "Surely this iniquity shall not be purged from you,

till

ye

die."

Is. 42: 4. It is said of the Messiah, "He shall not fail, nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth; and the isles Ishall wait for his law."

Ps. 112: 8. "His heart is established, he shall not be afraid, until he see his desire upon his enemies."

Rom. 5: 13. "Until the law, sin was in the world."

1 Tim. 4: 13.

“Till I come, give attendance to reading."

See also Matt. 23: 20. 1 Cor. 4: 5. etc. etc.

NOTE C.

Storr, to whom the writer is mainly indebted for the views exhibited on the subject of this essay, (see his Opuscula Academica, Vol. I. pp. 269-282,) has given a different interpretation of this 28th verse. He regards it as exegetical of what immediately precedes, and would render it, "Since, moreover, all things have been subjected to him (by the Father), therefore, the Son himself also will be [is] subject to him who did subject all things to him, that thus God may be all in all." He makes ötav and tore not adverbs of time, but the former to mark the protasis (seeing that), the latter, the apodosis (therefore). To the particle de he assigns the force of moreover,' which hardly aids his context; while the future "the Son shall be subject" he makes a logical future, or, in connexion with zote, merely inferential, "it follows that the Son is subject, etc."

To the sentiment, which he thus derives from the verse, we cannot object; for it is merely an enlargement of what is found in the one previous. But the view we have adopted avoids the seeming tautology, adds an important idea perfectly apposite to the context, and requires no unusual meaning or construction of words or of forms.

ART. VIII. LITERARY NOTICES.

By the Editor.

I. CHAMPOLLION'S RESEARCHES. The too early decease of this distinguished scholar, will not, it may be hoped, prove so fatal to the science which he in a manner created, viz. the study of hieroglyphics, as was at first anticipated. His Grammaire Egyptienne, in which he has methodically developed the general principles of that science, and supported them by numerous examples, was happily completed before his death, and had received the last touches from the author's hand. This manuscript has recently been put to press, after various typographical attempts and trials to copy in the text itself the many citations and examples in Egyptian characters. These have at length been successfully imitated, and the public are assured, that the execution of the work will correspond to its importance. It is divided into fourteen chapters, subdivided into sections, and these again into articles. The first chapter, Names, Forms, and Arrangement of the Sacred Characters, has three sections and forty eight articles. The work will appear in one volume, small folio, of about 500 pages, and will be published in four livraisons or numbers, at the price of 12 francs each.

At the same time, the materials collected by Champollion during his residence in Egypt are in a course of preparation for the press. All the designs will be published, together with the autograph descriptions, prepared by the author himself. This great work will be composed of forty livraisons, text and plates; and it is supposed that the price of the whole will not exceed 400 francs. The collection will be scrupulously conformed to the plan arranged by Champollion himself, and to his manuscripts; so that the learned world will not long be deprived of these precious materials, such as the author himself left them; since there is no one who could, with any profit to science, take his place in a similar enterprise. Journal Asiatique, Mars 1833.

II. CRUSADES. The seventh and last volume of the HISTORY

OF THE CRUSADES, Geschichte der Kreuzzüge, by WILKEN, appeared at Leipsic in 1832. The author commenced his researches on the holy wars as early as 1799, on the occasion of a prize-subject proposed by the Academy of Sciences at Göttingen; and the first volume of his History was published in 1807. This great work, therefore, is the fruit of more than thirty years of research and toil. The last volume is composed of two parts, containing more than 1000 pages, and is accompanied with tables, geographical plans, indexes, etc. This is now the most complete and perfect history extant of the crusades.

III. A BIBLE ATLAS, consisting of twelve maps from the best authorities, drawn by C. F. WEILAND, and illustrated with 160 pages of text by C. ACKERMANN of Jena, 4to. Weimar, 1832.—The maps refer to all the historical books of the Old and New Testaments; and are followed by a complete biblico-geographical lexicon or index. This is said to be the first work of the kind in Germany; and if it is executed with the usual elegance and accuracy of the Geographical Institute in Weimar, it cannot but prove a most acceptable as well as important work to all biblical students. It is very highly spoken of and recommended by Olshausen, in the Preface to Vol. II of his Commentary. Price in Germany, 14 rix dollar, or about $1.

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IV. CODEX APOCRYPHUS NOVI TESTAMENTI, e libris editis et manuscriptis etc. collectus, recensitus, notisque et prolegomenis illustratus à J. C. THILO. Tom. I. Lips. 1832. Price 41 rth. = $3.37. This is a new edition of the collection published by Fabricius, containing the various spurious gospels and apocryphal books of the New Testament, which were current in the primitive ages among the heretical sects professing to bear the Christian name. Some of them are written in Arabic. They are all here reprinted, with corrections and illustrations. The work is to be completed in three volumes. Only the first volume has yet appeared, which comprises the spurious gospels, and contains 896 pages. The second volume is announced to be published in 1833.

V. J. A. H. TITTMANN DE SYNONYMIS IN N. T. LIBER SECUNDUS, post mortem edidit, alia ejusdem opuscula exegetici argumenti adjecit G. Becher. Lips. 1832. This volume contains: I. Lexici Synonymorum N. T. Cap. XI, idque ultimum, which treats of several words. II. Disputatio de loco Matt. 10: 34, 35, et Luc. 12:49-51. III. IV. De usu Particularum in N. T.-two programms on the use of iva, önws, (os) dors. See Theol. Stud. 1833. p. 487.

VI. WETSTENII NOV. TEST. GRAECUM. Editio altera, cur. J. A. Lotze, Tom. I. Rotterodami 1831. 4to. A mere reprint of Wetstein's edition; of which the text is useless and the prolegomena

exist in separate editions. The various readings are now of comparatively little importance; and the exegetical commentary, which at present is the most valuable part of Wetstein's volumes, would seem likely to be given to the public in a form better adapted to general use, in the work here next announced.

VII. Prof. THEILE, of Leipsic, announced in April 1832, that the exegetical part of Wetstein's N. Test. and all the remarks of the writers of Observationes in N. T. as Alberti, Elsner, Krebs, Kypke, Lösner, Munthe, Raphel, etc. were to be arranged together under his supervision, and published in one Corpus Observationum philologicarum in N. T. Such a work cannot but be exceedingly useful to the biblical student; we could only wish that it had fallen into the hands of a more judicious editor. The first part, containing the Gospel of Matthew, was to have been published in the autumn of 1832; but we have seen no notice of its appear

ance.

VIII. OLSHAUSEN'S COMMENTARY ON THE N. T. Vol. II. Königsb. 1832.-This volume contains three parts: I. Commentary on the Gospel of John. II. The History of our Lord's Passion, according to the four Gospels. III. Commentary on the book of Acts. The work is to be completed in three volumes. We hope hereafter to make our readers better acquainted with some portions of this excellent Commentary.

IX. NEANDER's History of the Planting AND PROGRESS OF THE CHURCH OF CHRIST UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THE APOSTLES. Geschichte der Pflanzung und Leitung der christlichen Kirche durch die Apostel. Vol. I. Hamb. 1832.-This is an enlargement of a course of lectures, which the author has been accustomed to deliver for several years, and which were always popular and largely attended. The work constitutes a rich and interesting historical commentary upon the book of Acts and the Epistles--books which cannot be studied in the most profitable manner, without an historical survey and orderly arrangement of all the particular events, and periods, and characteristics of the Apostolic age. This is here given to us by Neander in a manner adapted for popular use; while we every where perceive, that the author presents only the results of profound investigation and thorough acquaintance with his subject, thus aiming to supply also the wants of biblical students. In the winter of 1827-8, the Editor had the pleasure of attending the course of lectures referred to, in company with from 350 to 400 pupils of Neander;* and was so much interested, as to be at the very considerable expense of obtaining a manuscript copy of the course from the notes of students. It is

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therefore with high gratification, that he here finds the same matter, in an improved form, spread before the public; and he hopes that God may enable him to enlarge the sphere of its usefulness, by presenting it to the American public in an English dress. The writer has undertaken the translation of the work in question; and it is hoped the second volume may arrive in such season, that the whole work may be published during the coming winter, or early in the following spring.

X. H. A. SCHOTT, INVESTIGATION OF SOME IMPORTANT CHRONOLOGICAL POINTS IN THE LIFE OF THE APOSTLE PAUL. Erörterung einiger wichtigen chronol. Puncte in der Lebensgeschichte des Ap. Paulus. Jena 1832. This is a supplement to the corresponding sections of the author's Isagoge Historico-critica in Libros N. T. sacros, and enters more in detail into the subjects in question. He, like Neander in the work above mentioned, assumes a second imprisonment of Paul at Rome,-a point of great interest and importance certainly, but one on which the opinions of the most learned and judicious writers are, and probably will ever continue to be, divided.

XI. LÜCKE has also published, in continuation of his Commentary on the writings of John, an INTRODUCTION TO THE REVELATION OF JOHN AND TO ITS LITERATURE. Versuch einer vollständigen Einleitung in die Offenbarung Johannis und in die gesammte apokalyptische Litteratur, Bonn 1832. This is to be followed by a Commentary on the same book.

XII. HENGSTENBERG'S CHRISTOLOGY, Vol. II. This contains a commentary on the whole book of Zechariah, and on the Seventy Weeks of Daniel. The work is to be completed in a third volume.

XIII. The three first chapters of Galatians have had the unusual fortune, of being subjected to critical investigation by a philologian of no less name than Godfrey HERMANN. The results he has given to the world in a programm entitled: Memoriam J. A. Ernesti d. XII Sept. solemni oratione--concelebrandam indicit G. Hermann. De Pauli Epistolae ad Galatas tribus primis capitibus. Lips. 1832. If we may judge of this work from a notice of it by Lücke in the Theologische Studien, (Jahrg. 1833, 2tes Heft,) the theologians of Germany, while they are ready to welcome any sincere attempt to promote the interpretation of the Scriptures, from whatever quarter it may come, would yet be very much disposed, in the present instance, to suggest to the learned critic, Ne sutor ultra crepidam. Hermann speaks of the nimia theologorum diligentia in singulis prope verbis, and this is well. But how little the alleged impartiality of non-theologians, and the most celebrated classical philology, suffice to lay open the stores of the New Testament, when there is not joined to them a familiar acquaintance

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