250 Lift of Books published; with Remarks. highly finished, the fubject fuited his genius, I feem thro' confecrated walks to rove,. The enumeration of the princes born or in- His fea green mantle waving in the wind, is highly picturefque, the relievo, of his urn is finely imagined, and he is attended only by fuch rivers as are his tributaries, his fubjects, or his neighbours. The following wifh is worthy admiration, both for its benevolence and poetry. Oftretch thy reign, fair peace, from shore to shore, And other Mexico's be roof d with gold. The allegorical perfonages that appear with their infignia in the lines that immediately follow this paffage, excel thofe of Virgil in his celebrated defcription of the dreadful beings who have their refidence near the gate of hell. The introduction of moral sentences and inftruction in an oblique and indirect manner, in defcriptive poetry, is an art from which it de rives great beauty, dignity, and use. Of this art Mr Pope has exhibited fome fpecimens in the Windfor foreft, but not fo many as might be expected from a mind which had fo ftrong a propenfity to moral writing. In the following paffage he has introduced a reflection that is far-fetch'd and forced, a fault to which he was by no means addicted: Here waving groves a chequer'd fcene display, Ab! rubat avail bis gloffy, varying dies, This picture of helpless beauty deftroyed in fport by a blow equally unexpected and unpro voked, ftrongly excites compaffion, and therefore pleafes more than the fineft fentiment that is merely moral. Pope's ode on St Cecilia's day is inferior only to that of Dryden. The firft ftanza which defcribes various inftruments in numbers that correfpond to the founds they produce is itfelf a concert: The beginning of the second stanza is not equal to the end: The fong of Orpheus to the Argonauts is the fubject happily chofen for the third, and his defcent into hell is gracefully introduced in the fourth; the defcription of the infernal regions is well imagined, and the effects of his lyre on the inhabitants of hell, is elegantly tranflated from the 4th Georgic of Virgil, and happily adapted to the fubject; the supplicating fong at the beginning of the 5th ftanza is highly pathetic and poetical, but the conclufion is fo burlefque and ridiculous, that it difgraces the ode of which it is a part. Thus fong could prevail O er death, and o'er bell, With Styx nine times round ber, In the 6th ftanza Virgil is again imitated, in the defcription of Orpheus's behaviour on the fecond lots of Eurydice. But fome ftriking particulars are omitted, and the fcenes where Pope has placed Orpheus, when he made his lamentation, are not fo wild, fo favage, and difmal, as thote in which he is placed by Virgil; Pope places him befide the fall of fountains, Virgil among the caverns on the banks of Strymon and Tanais, the Ripbaan rocks, and the frozen defarts of the Polar circle; befides Pope, when he mentions Hebrus as wand'ring, adds, and adds only, that it rolls in meanders, a circumitance that does not at all heighten the melancholy of the place. There is an antithefis in be glows, amidst Rhodope's fnows,' which it is hoped the poet did not intend, as it is a trivial and puerile conceit. But the death of Orpheus is told with a beautiful brevity and abruptnefs. Hark! Hamus refounds with the Bacchanals cries Ab fee, be dies! It is immediately added, Yet even in death Eurydice be fung. But Virgil fays vocabat, which is more natural and tender, He u es alio a very moving epithet, he fays, Orpheus called miferamEurydicem. it is remarkable, that both this ode of Pope and the Alexander's feaft of Dryden, conclude with an epigram of 4 lines, a fpecies of wit az flagrantly upfuitable to Lyric as to Epic poetry. The Lift of Books published; with Remarks. The two chorus's for the tragedy of Brutus are extreamly elegant and harmonious, but do not at all advance the main action, and might be inferted with equal propriety in twenty other tragedies. The Ode on Solitude, which is faid to have been written by Pope at 12 years old, is a striking inftance of the contemplative and moral turn, which was his diftinguishing characteriftic, but this, as well as his other juvenile productions, have a finished correctness and purity, which in Quintilian's opinion is never found in the first productions of an elevated genius. The dying Chriftian to his Soul, in imitation of the well known fonnet of Hadrian, feems to be taken from the only valuable ode of one Flatman, a justly forgotten rhimer of Charles's days. Flatman fays, When on my fick bed I languish, Vital spark of heav'nly flame: Pope, however, may anfwer those who ac- [An epitome of the other articles in this entertaining work fhall be given in our next.] 15. Collateral Bee-Boxes, or a new, eafy, and advantageous method of managing bees, in which part of the honey is taken away, in an eafy and pleasant manner, without deftroying or much difturbing the bees; early fwarms if defired are encouraged, and late ones prevented. By Stephen White, M. A. rector of Holton, in Suffolk. -it has been generally thought defireable to prevent bees from iwarming, and with this view feveral bee-boxes have been contrived and conftructed at confiderable expence, but to anfwer this end nothing more is neceflary than to provide a large quantity of fraw, and make hives that will contain two bushels. But tho' fecond or late fwarms are prejudicial to the old ftock, and of little worth in themselves, yet early fwarms will, without damaging the old ftock, enr.ch the bee mafter with a new one. Mr White s view therefore was not to prevent fwarming, but to procure a warm at a proper fealon, and to take a confiderable portion of honey, and yet preferve the bees to work for him another year; both thefe purposes he has at length effected, by a bee-box very fimple, and eatily contructed, after having tried almost every other form that his fancy could fuggeft without fuccels, during forty years. En hive, or bee-houfe, conlits of at least 251 two boxes of a cubic form, each being 8 inches and a half in height, 8 inches and a half in depth, that is, from back to front, measured within, and 8 inches and an half in wedth, that is, from fide to fide measured without. The box must have no bottom, the back, and front, and top, are to be made of dry well seasoned deal, about an inch thick: In the middle of the bottom edge of the front board, a door must be cut 4 inches long, and half an inch high: In the back board a square hole must be cut from the top, 5 inches long, and 3 inches wide, with what the carpenter's call a rabbit, to receive a pane of crown glass, which must be flush with the outfide, and fattened in with putty; this window must be furnished with a pendulous fhutter, faftened by a piece of tape to the edge of the top board, and hanging over the glafs fo as totally to exclude the light, and yet be lifted up without noife or fhaking the box. The two ends. or. fides of each box must be of flit deal, the outfide of which must be flush with the edges of the front and back boards, but there end boards must be fomething fhorter than the back and front boards fo as to leave a fit at the top of about an inch wide, and a flit at bottom of fomething more than an inch wide. When two boxes thus made are fet end to end, close to each other, the flits in the ends of each will coincide, fo that a communication will be open between them; but the two out-fide ends will alfo communicate with the open air; to cover these therefore two loose fupplemental end boards must be provided, they must be of deal about half an inch thick, and as they must be capable of being taken off and put on at pleasure, they must be kept tight to the end they are to cover, by a piece of tape in this manner: Let one end of the tape be faftened in the middle of the front board, about fix inches above the door; on the back board at the fame heighth must be fixed a wooden peg, with a flat end, fo as to be eafily turned round, and yet to be tight when preffed in. When the end board is put on, this tape must. be brought over it, and being fastened to the peg must be strained tight, by turning it about; thus the top of the loofe end board will be clofe to the perforated one, and if it gapes a. little at the bottom it may be kept close by a nail driven flightly into the board on which the boxes ftand. As it will be expedient to put thefe moveable end boards fometimes at one end, and fometimes at the other, it will be proper to have two pegs in the back board, one on each fie of the glais, that on which end foever the board is placed, the ftring that raftens it may not be brought over the glafs, or its shutter. The pegs fhould be of ath. When the boxes are thus conftructed, a stick must be put into each, reaching from end to end, about three inches from the bottom, to be a ftay to the comb, and nothing remains but to prepare a floor to fet the boxes upon, which will furnith them with a bottom. This fleor should be a pretty thick board, feven feet and a half long, and one inch wider than 252 Lift of Books published; with Remarks. than the boxes; the upper fide must be very fmooth and even, that the boxes may stand true upon it. The frame for this floor is formed of four oaken pofts, like thofe ufed to dry cloaths. These four pofts must be fixed in the ground fo as to form an oblong square nearly the fize of the floor. About a foot from the ground a ftrong piece of board may be nailed, joining the two pofts at each end together, and the upper edge of this board will afford a ledge for the ends of the floor to rest upon, which must be fupported alfo in the middle, to keep it frem fwagging. Strong pegs driven into the pofts above may ferve to fupport the ends of a fecond or third floor. Upon this floor there will be room for three colonies or fets of boxes, each fet confifting of three boxes, and, if need be, to add a fourth box to one of the fets. In fummer the fecond floor must be four or five inches above the tops of the boxes on the firft. floor, but in winter it may lie flat upon them, As to the fituation of these ftands for the bee-boxes, nothing more is neceflary than that they should be sheltered from rain, and fo placed that the fun cannot shine at all upon them in winter, and only on the part whe e the bees go in and out in fummer, for bees are never injured by cold. In order to receive a new colony into the habitations thus prepared, take two boxes, one having the clofe end-board tied on on the right hand, and the other having it tied on on the left. Set these two boxes close to each other fide by fide, so that the two uncovered end-boards may meet and join, then tie them Arongly together, with a string going 5 or fix times round them. They will then form a kind of a double cube, communicating with each other by the flits in the meeting endboards, and clofed at the outward ends by the moveable end-boards, having no opening outwards but the niches, one of which was cut in each box for a door. The fhutter must also be tied close to the glafs behind, that the light may not enter, As foon as ever the bees are hived, cover the boxes with a linnen cloth thrown loosely over them; lay also fome green boughs upon them to keep them from the piercing heat of the fun. In other refpects proceed as in the common way. When a fwarm is thus hived in two boxes, and placed in the evening where they are to remain, the fring which tied the boxes together may be taken away,and the fhutters being at liberty, the bee-mafter must look thro' the glafs, to fee in which of the boxes the bees are fettled. The door of that box must then be clofe ftopped with a flip of board, that the bees may go out thro' the empty box. They will foon begin to work, and will fill the inner box before they begin in the other. Soon after they begin to work in the outer box, it will be proper to give them a third. The bees will by this time have joined the outward end-board to that which it covers, all round the upper lit with a kind of wax; through this wax a thin knife must be pafied till the end-board is at liberty. The firing that ties the board must then be loofened, and a plate. of double tin, of a fufficient fize, must be gently paffed between the box and end-board; then taking the end-board away, an empty box must be placed with its open end-board close to the tin plate, and the tin plate being then drawn away, the third box must be pushed quite close to the second, and the door of it ftopped up, that the bees may go in and out only at the door of the middle box. About the middle of August the boxes fhould be infpected, and those bees that have filled three boxes may without damage fpare one. It is best to take the box in which there are feweft bees, and the propereft time is about three in the afternoon. When you have fixed on the box that is to be taken, which muft however be one of the end-boxes, open the door of it, then feperate it from the middle box in the fame manner as is directed for the feperation of the end-board when a new box is to be added, first dividing the wax with a knife, and then fliding in the plate of tin. In a fhort time after the communication is "thus ftopped, the bees in the fingle box will all quit it, and join their fellows in the other two boxes, leaving a box of pure honey, which may be taken away without destroying a fingle bee. As foon as the boxes are divided the end-board must be preffed close to the tin, and, when the tin has been drawn away, made faft with the ftring, in which state they may be left till the next spring. If the bees are confined in the spring to two boxes, which are about equal to a small hive, they will fwarm early; if thee boxes are allowed them, the fwarm will be later and larger, which will generally be most advantageous After the first swarm a third, or even a fourth box must be added for the accommodation of the remaining flock, to prevent a fecond fwarm, which will always be weak and unfeasonable. Such bees as require four boxes to prevent a fecond fwarm, will allow two boxes to be taken in autumn. By thefe boxes the bees are fecured from the mouse, a dangerous enemy; but the moths may find a way into them. These however may be difcovered through the glass window, before they can have done much damage, to that the box may either be cleaned or taken away, to prevent the mischief from spreading to the other boxes. If two flocks are poor, either both must be fuffered to perish, or the bees of one must be deftroyed, and their box joined to the other; for it has been found by experience, that bees cannot be preserved but by a store of the wax called bee-bread, and honey in a natural state. But though all the stocks and all the swarms are preferved, there will not, as is generally imagined, be a perpetual increafe; for the flowers in the neighbourhood will maintain but a certain number, to which there can therefore be no addition. The village in which this author lives will feed no more than ten colonies, tho' fome which promife lets have been found to maintain more, There is in this little tract fuch an appearance of benevolence and pie y, as would in cline those who derive molt advantage from the Lift of Books published, with Remarks. the inftructions it contains, to with that the author had not had leifure for thofe difcoveries, which have enabled him to give it, when they are told, that this leafure was the effect of the fmalinefs of his cure.it gree 15. A natural hiftory of Aleppo" and "the parts adjacent, containing a defcription of the city and the principal natural productions in its neighbourhood; together with an account of the climate, inhabitants, and difcafes, particularly the plague, with the method ufed by the Europeans for their prefervation. By Alexander Ruffel, M. D. Millar... The author's intention, when he began to regulate his materials for this work, was only to give an account of the epidemic difeafes at Aleppo, particularly of the plagues which raged there three years during his refidence in the city. But having, by a long and extentive practice as a phyfician, acquired great knowledge of the customs and manners of the inhabitants, and finding that no account yet extant was fo full and particular as to preciude what he could relate, concerning the people, the natural productions of their country, and the fcite of their city, he enlarged his ptan, and determined to give a fuccinct but exact account of the particulars expreffed in his title. It is divided into two parts; the first contains an account of the city, its inhabitants, their habits, and manner of life, and of the natural productions of the country. The fecond confifts of oblervations on epidemical diseases, and is ¿vided into chapters, Chap. 1. contains an account of the weather in general, with the variations of every month, as indicated by the thermometer and barometer. Ch. 2. treats of the weather from the year 1742 to 1747, and during the years 1751 and 1752. Ch. 3. of the epidemic difeafes from the beginning of 1742 to the end of 1747, and from the beginning of the year 1752 to the end of the year .753; with the method of cure that was found moit fuccefsful. Ch. 4. treats first, of the plague in general; 2dly, of the plague as it appeared at Aleppo in 1742, 1743, 1744; and 3dly, of the methods used by the Europeans to preferve themselves from the infection. And Ch. 5. defcribes a difeafe called the Mal d'Aleppo. The whole is a natural, entertaining, and well-connected feries, in which all the parti- . culars are regularly clafied. The language is fignificantly plain, peripicuous, and expredive, and the whole is illustrated with 16 coppplates. The first eight re reient various plants; the 9th represents a bird which irad ne er before been described, called a Kata; the 10th, a fingular kind of bittern; the 11th, a bird like a lapwing, remarkable for a ipur in each pinion; the 12th and 13th, feveral uncommon fishes; the 14th, a Turkish concert taken from the life, the inner court yard of an house, with the alcove, fountain, Mofaic pavernent and fair-cafe, (Jee p. 241.) and part of a molque. The 15th fhews he manner of deco aung and furmthing their rooms, particular, the carpet, mattrals, and cuthions of the Divan, (ee p. 242.) an cutward court yard, with the piazza and fair-cafe, the Kies, 253 and the habits of four different characters. * And the 16th represents a Turkish lady of condition, in the proper drefs of Aleppo, fitting" on a divan, fmonking a pipe, and a fervant prefenting her with a dish of coffee. We' Thail from time to time gratify our readers with an epitome of several parts of this work. For the firft, fee p. 241. - 16. A vindication of natural fociety; or, A view of the miferies and evils arifing to mankind from every species of artificial fociety. In a letter to Lord **** by a late noble writer. Cooper. 15. 6d. Whether this is really the work of the late Lord Bolingbroke, or of fome other writer, who in the abundance of his wifdom has thought fit to adopt his lordship's principles, is a question of too little importance to be debated. The principles advanced in this tract are thefe: That God never intended man for a ftate of happiness, having fubjected him to many natural evils which he has greatly increafed by every attempt of his art and policy to alleviate or cure. That this is the cafe with refpect to artificial fociety, which men invented to obviate the evils to which they were expofed in natural fociety. That the human mind has been continually employed to multiply artificial wants upon a being whofe natural wants are few, and artificial rules to guide that nature, which if left to itself is the best and fureft guide. That it finds out imaginary beings, prefcribing imaginary laws, and raifes imaginary terrors to fupport a belief in > thefe imaginary beings, and an obedience to thefe imaginary laws. That as error naturally propagates escor, the mistaken notion that government of any kind is neceffary to our well being, produces a reverence for an artificial religion, without which government could not fubfift. It is therefore, according to this writer, of the highest importance to reject government as the only expedient wholly and effectually to reject religion. To fupport thefe principles, fo divinely moral, he confiders government, with refpet to its relation to other states; as a whole; he confiders alfo, the relations between the feveral parts of which it confifts. As it relates to other ftates, he fays, it is productive only of war, and the lives that have been loft in all the wars that have been waged fince the formation of artificial for ' ciety, or government, he computes to amount at least to 80,0.0.000,000, or 160 times the number of people now living on the whole globe. As to is internal relations, it produces all the miferies of tyranny and flavery; abject dependance and excettive labour on one hand, effeminacy, luxury, and difeafe on the other; inverting the law of nature, which ordains a man's acquifition to be in proportion to his labour, and ordaining that thofe who labour mott thall have least. He has indeed very accurately enumerated the evils of fociety, but he has aid nothing of the alternative, otherwife than that in a late 7 of nature men can be fenible of no wants, which moderate labour will not fupply, ani therefore there will be no flavery; neither wil there 254 Lift of Books publifked; with Remarks. there be any luxury, because no fingle man can fupply the materials of it. Life is fimple, and therefore it is happy. It is however true, with all due deference to this great philofopher be it spoken, that fuch a ftate of nature as he fuppofes cannot poffibly fubfift; as foon as labour has first produced property, property may be obtained by force without labour; that which one man has acquired may be violently taken away by another; the attempt will produce contest, and this contest all the miferies of war, in many fmall circles, which the aggregation of men into large bodies, extends to one that is more capacious. Every man in a state of nature foon found that he was liable to greater evil by the violence he might fuffer, than he could procure good by the violence he might act, men therefore by common confent gave up their power of hurting others, for the fake of being fecured from being hurt by them; and thus fociety was formed to obviate evils, which were found to be intollerable That the evils refulting from fociety are tollerable, appears by the subfiftence of focieties: That intollerable evils refult from a ftate of nature appears by the univerfal confent of mankind to quit it, for there is not now any such state of nature fubfifting as this writer recommends. 18. The obferver obferv'd, or remarks on a tract, intitled, Obfervations on the Fairy Queen of Spencer. ByT.Warton, M. A. Crowder 19. A letter to Mr Mafon, occafioned by his ode to Independency. 6d Owen. 20. A new and accurate defcription of the prefent great roads and principal cross roads of England and Wales, with the distances from place to place in measured miles, commencing at London, and continued to the fartheft parts of the kingdom. 4s Dodley. 21. A differtation on the nature and cure of the venereal disease. By M.Mooney, M.D.Oborn 22. The hiftory of the four thief-takers. 13 23. The cornfactor's check; or, tables fhewing the value of the laft, cart-load, quarter, &c. of corn, at all prices, with tables of freight, meetage, and intereft. 157. &S. Johnson. 24. A treatife on ruptures. By PercivallPott, furgeon to St Bartholomew's hofpital. 45 Hitch. 25. The proceedings of the laft feffions at the Old Bailey. 4d Robinfen. 26. A lift of the officers in his majesty's army on British and Irijh establishment. Millan. 27. The lady's prefent to the fair fex; being an infallible guide for their happy deportment thro' every stage of life. The whole extracted from the politeft, economifts, philofophers, poets, and divines. 1 6d Read. 28. A general abridgment of cafes in equity. With a large collection of cafes never before published. Vol. II. By a gentleman of the Middle Temple, 1/ 11s 6d Wailer. 29. Four letters from Sir Ifaac Newton to Dr Bentley, containing fome arguments in favour of a deity. Is Dodley. 30. Some reflections on the trade between Great Britain and Sweden. By one who refided fome years there. 6d Robinjon. 31. A fatyrical review of the manifold falfehoods and abfurdities hitherto published,, con cerning the earthquake at Lisbon, to which is annexed an authentic account of it, and the prefent ftate of that capital. By a man of bufinefs. 13 6d Corbet. This writer takes occafion from the various mistakes that have happened in the accounts of the late earthquake to abufe in more scurrilous terms than perhaps were ever printed before, all who have contributed to lay them before the publick. He calls them " daftardly mongrel infects, fcribbling incendiaries, ftarve ling favages, human thaped tygers, fenfelefs yelping curs, blushless caitiffs, common plunderers, groveling treacherous plunderers, heartlefs thieves, vipers, doubly malignant wretches, ribbalds, growling groveling bipeds, fcandal yelping crew, varlets lavish of falfhood,rogues, drones, logger-heads, journalistical fire eaters, fuperlative coxcombs, crack-brained dealers in abfurdity, drivellers, oafs, cubs, jack a lanterns, hounds, pragmatical ghofts of entity, daring, blushless, heartless, freebooting aliens, crawling vermin, unnatural fry of barbarous infects, one is a heartless witling that choaks himself with fwallowing a fight, another is a little griping underftrapper with a dirt raking mind, and Spurious breaft. It is no wonder that by creatures fo ftrange, ftrange crimes should be committed, that they should be guilty of cannibal libertinifm,that they should gall a recking wound, and produce borrorous effects, that they should throw out random bints which appear to a man's borvels and brains to be the transports of a favage, that they should be big with their own downfall, and commit intellectual mendicity in buffoonek terms. It is, indeed, difficult to conceive what has provoked this man of business to impute to premeditated malice, the mistakes of persons who related a calamity, of which no man could be witness without fuch confufion and distress as must make accuracy impoffible. His own hand, however, has fufficiently punished him in the very act of his offence, for fuch rancour and fuch nonfenfe as are to be found in his book must disgrace the author more than any other perion. To the quotations already made it would be injurious not to add the following: "Villains, fays he, whatever be the climate in which they first drew their vital breath, are fill ubiquitary abortions from human nature, whole bereditary foil is that of the gallows to which they are born, improbity being every where an exotic 139 The following paffage contains fentiments equally elevated and juft, in heroic measure, four fyllables enly being omitted. A ragged finner then is like a blunt Hervever pleafing be the guilt, the garb Afabronable French ragout whofe fpices add that fucceeded the first violent fhocks thus: ** I look on these last cenfumptive rumblings as |