Rule for raifing fuch a Milttia equally, number of deputy lieutenants refident It cannot be needful to fpecify the C To the land tax at four fhillings' in the pound, every twenty pounds a year paid, implies a hundred a year eftate. That all eftates in land fhould bear a D proportionable part of the expence will not be difputed, and no partiality could be fhewn to any perfon, if forty, fhillings a year was required to be paid by every parifh, &c, for every twenty pounds they this year pay to the landtax, which, as the land-tax raises about two millions, would raife about two E hundred thousand pounds, and that, fuppoling every man to coft forty fhil lings a year, would fupport about a hundred thousand men. F This money may be collected, paid, and accounted for, as propofed by the late offered bill; the men raifed, difciplined, and paid as propofed by that bill; only I beg leave to observe, that I apprehend there will be no neceflity to compell any to ferve; that in all counties, &c. a fufficient number will be found that from the encouragement and terms propofed by the faid bill, will voluntarily enlift themselves. A G power indeed to compell may be neceflary. The choice, for many reafons, fhould be left to the lord lieutenant and his deputies, who by that means; poffibly might be able to pick out the number wanted for a whole county in a few of the largest towns. The greater the numbers that could be had together the better would they be difciplined, and with greater eafe a competent number might on any emergency be got toge ther, fewer places to keep the arms and cloaths would be neceflary,and fewer men 459. to teach them their exercise, than if every parish was to have one. As the men by this means would be in larger bodies every day of exercise, I apprehend it would be proper to have an officer by. rotation to attend, not only for their, improvement, but to preserve more order in the men, and to take notice of all irregularities. I have hereunto annexed a table for the more ready understanding what I have obferved and propofed. The first column fhews what fum is this year charged to be paid to the land-tax,(omitting the odd money) by every county, including the cities, &c. lying and being in the fame. The fecond column fhews the number of men that would be railed in every county, including the cities, c. if a man was railed for every twenty pounds a year paid to the land tax, and the total fhews, that thereby 99.159 men would be raifed in England and Wales. The third column fhews the number of men that by the late proposed bill was to have been raifed. By examining and comparing the fecond and third columns it will appear, that the numbers proposed by that bill to be raifed, bear no proportion to what they pay to the land-tax, and therefore, if the land-tax is equal, the numbers proposed by that bill cannot be fo. I am far from thinking, that when the militia are armed and cloathed, the expence can amount to forty fhillings a year per man; four or five and twenty fhillings, I believe, will be found fuf ficient, if they are paid as by the propofed bill. If 63,053 fhall be thought a fufficient number, as that exceeds the number propofed by the bill offered laft feffions, then a man for every thirty pounds a year paid to the land-tax, need only be raifed or charged, which would be a man for 150l. a year; and if it is allowed, that in general the lands are not charged to the land tax above half their real value, then in fact the charge of a man will only really be on every three hundred a year; and if the expence, after the men are cloathed and armed, fhould be thirty fhillings a year, which is the highest calculation I think can be made, it will really be only ten fhil lings a year for every real eftate of a hundred pounds a year, and little more penny in the pound. than If practicable, I with fome perfon would fhew how more equally to make the 460 Table fhewing the Land-tax, Men in Proportion, &c. the charge than by the rule of the land- Bedfordshire Berks Bucks Cambridgeshire Chefhire Cornwall Yorkshire Gloucestershire Herefordshire Hertfordshire Huntingdonshire Kent Lancashire Leicestershire Lincolnshire London Middlesex Norfolk A Land- men in men as 800 £28,55 1,427 5291 960 2,118 1,120 15,497 774 640 D 685 34 71,907 3,595 2,400 123.399 6,169 203,747 10,187 4,200 9,812 490 480 84,306 4,215 1,920 E Northamptonshire 47,669 2,383 1.280 Monmouthshire Northumberland Rutland Shropshire Somerfetfhire Southamptonshire Staffordshire Suffolk Surry Suffex Warwickshire Worcestershire Wiltshire Westmorland WALES. Anglefea Brecknock Cardigan Carmarthen Carnarvon Denbigh Flint Glamorgan Merioneth Montgomery Pembroke Radnor 14,548 727 1,1 O 27,276 1,353 960 35,651 1,78 1,120 5,525 2761 240 29,056 1,452 1,280 70,473 3.523 1,720 49,359 2,467 1,920 F 27,120 1,356 1,120 73,506 3,52 1,920 66,132 3,306 1,600 60,091 3,004 1,600 39,789 1,989 1,280 33.582 1,679 1,120 51,657 2,582 1,600 3,045 152 480 234 480 4,684 234 1,372 73 240 Tranflation of the Ordonance and Regulations delivered by the Court of France to the States General of the United Provinces, with the Rules and Directions required to be observed by the Subjects of the States, to protect their Ships and Cargoes from being deemed lawful Prizes, if taken by any of the French Ships of War, or Privateers; published in the Utrecht Gazette of the 8th of July 1756, under the Title of Memoire Infructif, and may be truly underflood to refer to all neutral Powers whatsoever. Ex Very power at war is naturally attentive to prevent its enemies from carrying on a free trade under the protection of neutral colours. It may happen, for example, that notwithitanding a fhip carries neutral colours, that the fhip itself and the goods on board her, may really and truly be the property of the enemy. In fuch cafe, if the enemy's property is discovered, the ship is deemed a good prize. As during a war every power is jus-` tified in fufpecting that difguife and artifices will be made ufe of, the privateers are diligent in ftopping neutral fhips, to examine by the papers and documents they are obliged to have on board, if they are really neutrals, or if the hips or cargoes belong to the enemy. The ordonance of the marine and regulations of France have exacted certain conditions and certain forms, which, when obferved by a neutral ship, that thip is confidered as truly neutral; but if, on the contrary, there is found a failure in any of those conditions, the fhips are to be prefumed to belong to the enemy, and are to be deemed lawful prizes. It must alfo be here observed, that the regulations eftablished by France during the war are not particular to her only, but that other nations have established pretty near the fame. As the Hollanders are neutral in the G prefent war, it is their intereft to conform to the regulations of France, to prevent their fhips being declared good prizes. After this necellary preamble, a detail is given of those rules to which the Hollanders must conform. rft, Among the number and quality of the papers they are to have on 7,906 395 720 Rules prefcribed by France to neutral Ships. the hips have the bills of loading on N. B. It was always cuftomary to make double and triplicate bills of loading, and till now, they Shought in Holland, that it was not neceffary, that thofe which the captain carries should be figned by bim, and that he had them to ferve only as memorandums, to ascertain the merchants to whom be B was to deliver the goods, and to enable him to demand bis freight: nor in the last war were fuch things commonly practifed, which bowever bas been the occafion of the confifcation of many ships. 3dly, If a Dutch fhip fhall be met by a French privateer, the captain is to take care not to throw, or caufe to be thrown, any of his papers into the fea; if it C fhould be proved that any kind of papers were thrown overboard, the hip and cargo fhall be declared good prize. N. B. This was regarded as a very effential thing likewife in the last war, and all the hips that were found in this fault were confifcated, because it was prefumed that these papers would bave been fufficient to prove the enemy's property. D 4thly, The Dutch are further to obferve, that the fupercargo, clerk or marine officer, is not to be a native of any country at enmity with France; and that not more than a third of the ship's crew be the fubjects of an enemy. If thefe particulars fhould not be observed the fhip fhall be declared a good prize, E and prefumed to belong to the enemy. 5thly, Among the papers on board the Dutch fhips, muft be the mufter-roll of the ship's company, authenticated by the public officers of the place from whence they came. When this authenticity is wanting the fhips will be F declared good prizes. 6thly, The Dutch merchants are likewife to obferve not to export by their fhips any contraband goods, fuch as fire-arms, fwords, cutlaifes, and other things ufeful and neceffary for the purpofe of war, under pain of confifcation. 7thly, It the Dutch hips carry any goods or merchandize of the growth or manufacture of the enemies of France, they fhall be deemed good prizes, but the fhips fhall be discharged," 461 unless the 14th article of that treaty fhould bereafter be renewed. G N. B. The regulation made in the laft war permitted the Dutch to trade with the enemy in conformity to the treaty of commerce made with the H States in 1739 But as the king revoked that treaty at the conclufion of the war, the goods of the growth or manufature of England, or belonging to the English, which shall bereafter be found on board a Dutch ship, Jhall be declared good prize. 8thly, The licence or paffport which may be granted in Holland to a Dutch fhip, fhall be of use for that voyage only for which it is given, that is, to go from the place of its loading to that of its deftination, and from thence to return to Holland. If the fhould make any other intermediate voyages with that pass-port, fie fhall be declared a good prize. 9thly, When the licence or passport fhall be given in Holland to a Dutch hip, it must be declared in that or fome other paper on board, that the fhip was, at the time of granting it, in one of the ports of Holland, in failure of which the hall be deemed a good prize. 1othly, If the states of Holland fhould grant paffports or licences to the owners or matters of fhips, fubjects of an enemy of France (unless fuch owners or mafters fhall have refided and been na. turalized in Holland, before the declara tion of the prefent war) the fhips and merchandifes fhall be confifcated, as reputed to have belonged to the enemy, even tho' the fhip fhould have been built in Holland. 11thly, If a fhip is English-built, or formerly belonged to the enemy, the Dutch captain must have on board authentic papers, and bill of fale certified by the public officers in Holland, to prove that fuch fhip is Dutch property, and was fuch before the declaration of the prefent war. N.B. It is further required that it be proved by the papers on board, that the deed of transfer of the property of the ship bas been registered by the principal officer of the port in Holland from which the ship bas departed, and without these of which there were feveral inflances in the laft war. two proofs, the fhip may be declared a good prize, 12thly, If during the prefent war any privateer, or fhip of war, thould take any Thips English-built, and that thofe fhips fhould afterwards be fold to the Dutch or other neutral fubjects, there must always be found on board them documents to prove the captures, as well as the fales, without which, fuch ships will be liable to confifcation. This account contains therefore the principal rules that the Dutch fhips are to obferve (not but that other neutral powers are under the fame reftrictions regarding their hips) and the principal precautions which they are to take tavoid being declared good prizes, in cafe they should be taken during the course of the prefent war by the French men of war or privateers. M 462 Effects of the late Storms with Conjectures as to the Caufes. Mr URBAN, ON Wigton Oct. 23. 1756. N the 6th inft. at night, happened a moft violent hurricane; fuch a one perhaps as has not happened in these parts, in the memory of man. It lafted full 4 hours from about 11 till 3. The damage it has done over the whole county is very deplorable. The corn has fuffered prodigioufly.-Houles were not only unroofed, but in feveral places overturned by its fury.-Stacks of hay and corn were entirely fwept away.-Trees without number torn up by the roots, Others fnapt off in the middle, and fcattered in fragments over the neighbouring fields. Some were twined almoft round; bent, or split to the roots, and left in fo fhatter da condition as cannot be defcrib'd. The change in the herbage was also very furprizing; its leaves withered,forivelled up, and turned black, The leaves upon the trees, efpecially on the weather fide, fared in the fame manner. The Evergreens alone feem to have efcaped, and the grafs recovered in a day or two. I agreed, at firit, with the general opinion, that this mifchief was the effect of Lightning; but, when I recollected that, in fome places, very little had been taken notice of; in others none at all; and that the effect was general, I begun to think of accounting for it from fome other caufe; I immediately examined the dew or rain which had been left on the grafs, windows, &c, in hopes of being enabled, by its tafte, to form fome better judgment of the particles with which the air had been impregnated, and I found it as falt as any fea water I had ever tated. The feveral vegetables alfo were all faltith more or lefs, and continued fo for sort days, the faline particles not being then waffed off; and when the moiftoré was exhaled from the windows, the faline chrystal parkled on the outfide, when the fun fhined, and appeared very brilliant. This falt water, I conceive, has done the principal damage, for I find upon experiments. that common falt diffolved in fresh water sf fected fome fresh vegetables, when fprinkled upon them, in the very fame manner, except that it did not turn them quite fo black.-but particles of a fulphureous, or other quality, may have been mixed with its I fhould be glad to fee the opinions of fome of your ingenious correfpendents on this wonderful phænomenon ; whether they think this falt water was brought from the fea, † and in what manner. Yours, A. B. In an adjoining bleach-yard, fome cloth which bad lain out all night was turned almoft yellow. -Other pieces aljo zubich were spread out the next morning, contracted the fame colour, which was not without great difficulty cafbed out. The wind was weherly, and confequently in its pallage fwept the Irish Sea. 29,204 45 w 6/19,40/50 W 726,90/41 W 8129,55152 W 929,3060 S 1029,20 55 S 1113,80 152 Rain most of the day 1228,7545'S W Great fhowers all day So S W Some small showers 54 SWA great deal of rain 1529,1050 SE Sinall fhowers all day 1629,20 54 E Fair all day. Sin. fhower M. fair day 129 1729,4 SW E Morn. rainy, Aft. fair Some fmall rain in Even. Fair all day E Some drops at noon S M. gr. fhowers, fair Aft. 1829.38 19 NE 212953 SE Fair all y Account of Linnæus continued. A brief Account of the Life and principal (Continued from p. 415, and concluded.) IN N 1747 Linnæus publifhed the Flora A Zeylanica, in 8vo, 240 pages, 4 tables. It is a compilation from Herman's Niufæum Zeylanicum, Burman's Thefaurus Zeylanicus, &c. The plants are digested into the fexual fyftem, and the fynonyms added. To this is prefixed fome account of the life of Dr Herman. The next year he publifhed the Hor- B tus Upfalienfi, in 8vo, 306 pages, exhibiting a lid of the exotic plants introduced by him elf into the botanic garden at Upful, from the year 1742 to the year 1748. The fynonyms, places of growth, and defcriptions of the more rare plants, are added. C This year alo Linnaus publifhed the Materia Medica, Lib. I. de Plantis, at Stockholm, 8vo, 232 pages, 1 table. It is a fyftematic diftribution of all the vegetables belonging to the Materia medica of the Swedish Difpenfatory, published for the ufe of his pupils at Upal. The compendious and methodical manner D in which it is executed renders it a very valuable piece, and greatly useful to learners in the fcience of medicine. Its motto might have been, with the greatest propriety, multum in parvo. In about the compafs of eight or ten lines, In general, you have whatever is moft material relating to each fimple. The E method he uses is as follows: He gives 1. His own fpecine name of the plant, quoting the last book of his in which it is found. 2. Cafpar Baubine's name from his Pinax; or, if the plant was unknown to him, that of its first discoverer. 3. The country where it is produced. F In the fame line is expreffed, by a fingle epithet, whether it be an herb, a fhrub, or a tree; whether it be annual, biennial, or perennial; alfo whether it be indigenous; if not, whether it thrives well in common cultivations in gardens, or requires defence from the cold of the winter featon, or whether it will not at all endure this climate. 4. The Swedish officinal name, what part of the herb or tree is in ufe, or what preparation of it, if any, and the doles of each. 5. The quality of the plant, as manifeft to the fenfes; whether bitter, a romatic, acid, typtic, &c. whether fragrant, fetid, or inodorous; whether guminy, refinous, milky, &c. In the fame line is exprefied whether its repu(GENT. MAG. October 1756.) G 463 ted quality be uncertain, well known and approved; or whether it is cautiously used; whether it be rarely or frequently ufed; whether its ufe be principally in the fhop or in the kitchen. 6. Its reputed virtues, or the effects it produces in the human body, whe ther purging, emetic, diuretic, &c. 7. The difeates in which it is moft frequently ufed. 3. The compound medicines into which it enters in the Swadh Difpenfatory. At the latter end is added an Index morborum, with the imples applicable to each: Alio an Index virium, in which they are claffed according to their virtues. We shall give one example of his method, which will convey a tolerable idea of the whole; this thall be of the rhubarb from the Enneandria trigynia, P. 66. 199. Rheum foliis fubvillofis Hort. Upfal. 98. (Amm. Heib. 206.) Rhabarba rum Sinenfe falio crifpo flagellis rarioribus et minoribus. Loc. China, ad murum.- -Perennis, cicut. Vis. Purgans, antacida, tonica, adfirin- ij. Pulv. cont. vermes; Conf. Hamech. El. Diacath. Extr. Panchymeg. Pit. Cathol. Pil. fine quibus Tinet. Anim. Rhab. & ij. In the year 1749 the profeffor publifhed the firft volume of a collection of Thefes at Leiffic, in 8vo. 610 pages; the fame year likewife at Amferdam; the title as follows: Amantates academica, feu differtationes variæ phyficæ, medicæ, bòtanica, antehac feorfim edit,sunt collecte et aulæ cum tabulis ancis. As thefe thefes were faktained under him, and felcted by him, they may be regarded as aimo upon an equal footing with his own writings. The fubjects are very curious, but it wou'd not be confiftent with our defign, as it would take up too much room, to cuter into a detail of them here. volume under the fame title, printed In the year 1752 be felected a fecond at Stockholm in Evo, and at Amfier dam, 478 pages. Among the thefes comprifed in this volume oue is the Moierza medica, as it relates to the animat kingPPPP dom. |