554 Situation of the Armies before ibey engaged, in the plain between that town and Sulowitz were feen two columns of ca no great efforts could be made, but în Saxony. The Aufirian fuccours were to be kept off, and the Saxon army to be.valry, each confifting of about 5 fquataken. Towards the end of September it was known, that Marihal Brown had received orders to relieve the Saxons. A His army was encamped at Budin, near the conflux of the Elle and the Egra; and for executing thefe orders he had the choice of three ways: 1ft, by attacking and defeating Marshal Keith's army, which was no easy task; 2dly, by marching to the left, and entering Saxony through Bilin and Toeplitz,which B would have expofed his flank to the Pruffians, and even risked his magazines at Budin and Weljern; and 3dly, by fending a detachment thro' Leutmeritz, and proceeding to the Saxons by Bobmifch-Leipe and Schandau. This laft meafure could not produce any thing decifive; the ground in the neighbourhood of Schandau and Ober-Raden being fo difficult, that a fmall body of troops might trop the whole army. The king, however, judging his prefence neceflary in Bohemia, left the camp at Sedlitz on the 28th, and the fame day reached the camp of Jondorf. On the 29th, the D army in Bobemia was ordered to march, the king going before with 8 battalions and 20 iquadrons, encamped at Tiranitz, where the fcouts of the army brought advice, that Marshal Brown was, the next day, to crofs the Egra. It was now neceifary to draw near the enemy, in order to obferve all their motions, and awe them by an army ready for action. On the oth, therefore, the king led on all the troops in two columns. The van had fcarce gained the heights of Bafcopol, when they perceived a camp in the plain of Lowofiz, its right joining the Elbe and Wilkota, Lorvofitz in its front, Salowitz on its lett, the extremity of which extended itself, behind the ponds of Schirkowitz. The van continued its march to Welmina, a village fituated in a bottom, furrounded by mountains, most of which refemble the form of a fugarJoaf, drons. It was then determined to draw up the army, and immediately one column of infantry formed on the right, the other on the left, and the cavalry compofed a fecond line. The ground where they formed contained only the fix battalions of the van, but continued to widen towards the left. The declivity of the mountains was covered with vineyards, divided into many little inclofures by ftone walls three feet high In thefe vineyards Marshal Brown pofted his Pandours to stop the Pruffans; fo that as every battalion of the left entered the line, it was obliged to engage. But the fire of the enemy being faint or unsteady, it confirmed the opinion that Marthal Brown was reс treated, and that the Pandours and bodies of cavalry feen in the plain were his rear. The fog, which hid every thing, did not difperfe till paft eleven. Orders were given for canonading the cavalry in the plain, upon which it altered its form feveral times. Sometimes it appeared numerous; fome. times drawn up chequer-ways; fometimes in three contiguous lines fometimes 5 or 6 troops filed off to the left and difappeared. At last it was thought, that by ordering 20 fquadrons of horfe to charge, this rear-guard would be difperted, and an end put to the action. The dragoons having formed at The king ordered the foot to advance with all poffible dispatch, occupy the heights, and take poffeffion of all the paffes leading into the plain of Lowghtz. The army arrived late, and remained all night in coluians, at a imall distance from the van-guard. Next day, October 1, the king fent at day-break to reconnoitre; but a thick og on the plain prevented any clear oblervation. The town of Lowohitz was perceived as through a crape, and E the foot of the eminence where the infantry were pofted, charged and broke the Auftrian horfe: But they received a flank fire from the infantry in Lowofitz and Salowig, which obliged them to return to their pofts at the foot of the mountain; and it was now first apprehended, that the enemy were in front with their whole army. The king was then for placing his cavalry behind in a fecond line, but before his order could be given, they charged a fecond time, bore down all oppofition, paffed through the fame flank fire as Gat the firft charge, purfued, the enemy above 300 paces, and, in the excefs of their ardour, croffed a ditch ten feet. wide; 300 paces beyond this ditch was another, behind which appeared the Auftrian infantry, in order of battle. Immediately 60 pieces of cannon play'd He repaffed the ditch, and returned to the infantry at the bot of the mountain, without being followed. The king would not admit of any more the Prufian horfe, which there fuch Circumftantial Account of the Battle of Iowofitz. fuch fallies, and therefore ordered the cavalry to port itfelf in the rear of the infantry. About this time the fire on the left wing began to increase: Marfiral Browne had fucceffively brought on 20 battalions, who, puffing by Loduchitz, lined the banks of the Elbe, to fupport the Pandours in the vineyards, where the Prufen infantry drove them from one wall to another; and, continuing to purfue, feveral of them threw themfelves into the Elbe; whilft another body' fheltered themfelves in the first houses of Lorofitz, and made a fhew of defending them. The fe cond line of infantry then mixed with the firft, the left itretched itself to the Elbe; and in this difpofition advanced towards Low fitz. The grenadiers fired in through the doors, windows, and roofs of the honfes, and fet them on fire. In this action, tho' only the attack of a poft, every foldier of the left wing fired go fhot. The ammunition for their cannon was quite fpent ; not. with tanding which, the regiment of Itzenbitz and Manteufel entered Lowofitz with their bayonets fixed, and drove before them nine fresh Auftrian batalions, which Marshal Brown had just posted there. The battle concluded with the flight of the Auftrians in great diforder, but the cavalry was prevented from taking advantage of it, firit, by the broad ditch, and fecondly, by the mafterly difpofition of Marthal Brown, in taking all the left of his infantry, which had not been attacked, to cover his broken troops as they fled; and in this order he waited the approach of night to retreat. At an hour after midnight he began his march towards his camp at Buddin, breaking down all his bridges over the Egra. A 555 Marshal Brown took 249 of their horfe prifoners, whole horfes being killed after leaping the ditch, could not rejoin their regiment. The Pruffian army encamped on the field of battle, where, without moleftation, it foraged within cannon hot of the enemy. So early as the 6th, advice came, that Marthal Brozvie had made a detachment of 6000 men, which had moved to Raudmitz, and were advancing towards Bobmifchleipe. Tho' this detachment could caufe little apprehenfion, it was thought B that the Prufian army in Saxony, confifting only or 30 fquadrons, might want a reinforcement of horse; the king therefore went thither in perfon, with 15 fquadrons of dragoons. C D E F The next day the prince of Bevern was detached with a body of Sooo men to Schirkowitz, on the right; whence he fent out parties along the Egra, to reconnoitre the paffes. The intention of this army in Bohemia being only to cover the blockade of the G Saxon camp, it was not thought proper to make any farther progrefs in Bobemia, to take Leutmeritz, or pass the Egra. This action lafted 7 hours, during which the cannonading was inceffant on both fides; yet the Pruns loft no more than 653 men, among whom is Gen Lud. ritz: the wounded were 800, but ma ny of them are already well. They took from the enemy 500 prifoners, 4 pieces of cannon, and 3 ftandards. H On the tenth, the Saxons in the camp of Pirna entleavoured to throw a bridge of boats over the river at Wilfead. The Pruffians had there a redoubt, from whence Capt. Dick-wede, with firty of Beveren's grenadiers, fired on the boats. He took (even or eight of them, and others he funk; fo that the design mifcarried. The enemy then loaded their pontoons on horfes, and carried them to a place near Konie fein, oppolite to the village of Halbflædtel. This outlet of their camp had attracted the attention of the Saxons, as being the most ealy, on account of the fuccours they expected from the Auftrians. The poft of Pirna has this defect, that it is as difficult to come out of it as to force it. The Saxons could attempt to force a paffage out only by Hermsdorf and He lendorf This would have been attended with great lofs, though there was a probability of faving at least a part of their men. They appear to have been entirely unacquainted with the fituation of Habfalt, Burgersdorf, Ziegenruck, and Schandau, and with the difpofition of the Pruffians in thele pofts. Gen. Lefebuitz, with eleven battalions and fifteen fquadrons, were pofted between Schandau, and a village, called by the people of the country, Windischefere; and oppofite to him, in the villages of Mitteldorf and Allendorf, encamped marthal Brorun with his detachment. Lefchwitz was ftronger than Brozon. The imprac ticable fituation of thefe rocks hindered the Aufirions from advancing to Burgerdorf. This could not be done without att cking a body double their num ber, or filling off two a-breast, in ught of Gen. Lejch cuitz, towards Afła.dt. The place by which the Saxons intended to pals is a final plain, in the center of which itands Lilienftein, a steep rock. On both 556 Unfuccessful Attempt of the Saxons to escape. B both fides of this rock, five battalions 1 Such were the fituations of the Pruffian, Saxon, and Auftrian troops, when the king arrived on the fourteenth with his dragoons at the camp at Struppen. The Saxons, depended on the Auftrians maA king vigorous efforts to relieve them. The Aurians waited for the notice of a certain fignal to begin the attack, which was not given. The Saxons were in a place through which their was no paífage, where they laboured under unfur mountable difficulties; fo that tho' the king of Poland, who was at Konigfein, was ardent for making an attack, his generals convinced him that it was impoffible. Marshal Brown retreated, on the 14th, towards Bohemia. Warneri, with his Huffars, fell upon the rear of the Auftrians, confifting of 300 Hufjars and 200 Pandours; and, routing them, the Hungarian infantry was put to the fword. The king of Poland feeing his army in fuch a fituation, that it could not force a paffage and without all hopes of provifions or fuccours,permitted his troops to furrender themfelvesprifoners of war. Count Rutofski was appointed to draw up the capitulation. (which See p. 539) The king of Poland being defirous of removing into his kingdom, he was fupplied with horfes, both in Saxony, and thofe parts of the king's dominions through which he was to pafs. On the 16th the Saxon army marched out, and was conducted to the Pruffian camp, E where most of the foldiers entered, and the officers were permitted, on their parole, to depart. On the 18th the king of Poland fet out for Warfaw. The troops were withdrawn from all the places in this road; and the fame regard fhewn to his perfon, as crowned heads obferve to each other in the most profound peace. The queen of Poland, and royal family, ftill continue in their capital; and have the fame honours paid them from their enemies as from their fubjects. After the furrender of the Saxons, the king returned into Bohemia, to bring back his army to winter in Saxony. On the 25th Marthal Keith broke up his camp at Lewofitz, and pofted himself in Linai, his rear-guard not feeing the face of an enemy. On the 28th the Pruffians marched to Newendorf. On the 29th, at Schonwalde, the cold was increafed to fuch a degree, that the piquets for the tents could not be driven into the ground. On the 30th the army re-en tered Sixony, where it was cantoned between Pirua and the frontier along the Elbe. Gen. Zoftrow, with his brigade, was posted at Gijbubel and Gettlebe F H where Diftrefs of the Poor in the Vale of Evesham. where he was attacked by the Pandours; but they were repulfed with lofs, and purfued beyond Peterswalde ; fince which the advanced pofts have been disturbed no more. At the fame time that the army at A Lorvofitz was quitting Bohemia, Marfhal Schwerin was ordered to return into Silefia. He had paffed the Elbe at Jaromitz; and, after procuring all the forage poffible, he marched towards Scalitz, to which place fome thousands of Hungarians followed him, but a body of his troops attacked and drove them as far as Smirfitz, after which he marched unmolested. On the fecond of Nov. he entered the county of Glatz, and put his armyinto places of cantonment. The campaign is concluded, and the army is gone into winter quarters. Mr URBAN, Gloucestershire, Dec. 25. Have been your conitant reader the e five and twenty years; and it is with pleafure I look on thofe many volumes which have given fo much fatisfaction to all parts of this and other nations, and to which we are frequently beholden, for a knowledge of thofe things we had been otherwife ftrang ers to. B 557 and endeavour to point out fome means and fhall speak briefly of their wrongs for their redrets. 'Tis the misfortune of the poor to be ly of thofe of whom they buy their the prey of many, but more particularbread. The first principle laid down by a baker, when he comes into a parim, is, to get all the poor in his debt, he then makes their bread of what weight or goodness he pleases, and I have icen a twelve-penny loaf so badly manufactured, that it was almost impoffible for any human being to eat it, and the his wife, and perhaps 4 or 5 children, weight but 7 pounds and a half. A man, are not able to earn above 6 thillings a week by any labour, and are to be fed only with this bread moiften'd with water? 'Tis worthy therefore the confideration of thofe in power to redrets this grievance. There should be, I think, nefs of the bread in every parith, who an inspector into the weight and goodfhould be obliged, under a fevere penalty, to examine thefe particulars himself, and make a true report of every bakers practices to a magiftrate; for the odious name, as it is called, of an Informer, bas deterr'd many a one from doing juiceto himfelf, and country. As to the weight county at the quarter feflions, because indeed, that ought to be fixed in every the prices of cora vary fo often, as well as the mealure. With us the baker buys gallons to the bushel: He has therefore one 9th part more at his fetting out, than the bakers who are obliged to make to the common allize of bread inthe metropolis. He has labour, loufe-rent, fire, on fo much easier terms, hatthele ought and every thing elfe in proportion, upto be confidered. Befides I have feen a combination, betwixt the baker and farmer to lay the country under contribu tion; thus they make a private bargain to give a lack of wheat into a load; that is, over and above a load; they then go into market, and the wheat that Thould or would be bought for 121, the G load, is publickly fold for 13 to enhance the price, which the perfons who buy by retail are obliged to give; and this they call making a market. But were the affize given out for each county at the quarter feflions, this could not be done. Yours, &c. A. B. F You must know, I live in a country happy to a proverb, being close to one E of the finest vales for corn in the world; I mean, the vale of Ewelham: A vale, having the advantage of a navigable river to Bristol, but which, to the misfortune (at this time) of the country in general, and the poor in particular, has drained us of all our corn. You may fee, even at this time, contrary to the intentions of the legillator, at a remarkable borough in that vale (or within its precincts) wretches, who ten years ago were not worth a load of corn, buying in a clandeftine manner, 40 or 50 loads on a market day, and fending it privately down the water; infomuch that in this country they have raised wheat to 8 s a bufhel, and have brought all the poor in the neighbourhood into a starving condition. And if these are the evils we feel, in a country which affords fo much grain; with what pity! what concern! muft we think on the condition of the poor, that are 50 or 60 miles to the northward, who, this wet season, have been in great meafure, deprived of the benefitof an harvest, the corn they have reaped, being of very little ufe! I plead the care of the poor, to whom, Indeed, the rich stand indebted, for all the comforts and conveniencies of life; H P. S. Within thefe four years, I have feen, within fix miles of me, 2 or 300 od wheatricks; you will fcarce fee now two in a parifh; fo that unless timely care be taken wheat mutt be, before harvest, 10 or 12 s. per bushel, and barley in proportion. 855 STR Charaller and Defcription of the King of Pruffia. Ince the military operations of the king of Pruffia have rendered him the object of univerfal curiofity, a great variety of prints have been published as his portrait, which are fo different from each other, that they may all be reasonably fufpected as fpurious. For this reafon, we have not contented ourselves with copying any of them however attefted, but we have procured one of thofe medals that were ftruck upon his reformation of the law in 1748. This is faid, by thofe who have often seen him, to be a molt exact and ftriking refemblance; it is indeed probable in the higheft-degree, that a medal ftruck in honour of a prince, who values himself as a patron of the polite arts, has preferved fuch a likenefs as will do honour at once to the artift and the patron. The bust on this medal we have procured to be engraved with the utmost exactness, and as a farther gratification to the curious, have alfo added the reverfe of the medal, to fhew the motto and device. There are however, feveral particulars in his perfonal appearance which a buft and a graving cannot exprefs; it is therefore neceflary to fupply the unavoidable defect of the print by a defcription.The Meteorological Journal of the Weather, in 1429,594145 NW M. r. foggy & clo. day. 20 30,1 44 48S W M. funth, rain Aft. king of Pruffa will on the 24th of next. Meteorological Journal of the Weather in |