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Duchy of Hesse. The Imperial Parliament consists of a Bundersrath of 58 delegates from the respective States, and a Reichstag of 382 members elected by ballot. NAVY 47 steamers. ARMY418,660 in peace; 1,315,634 in war. Railways, about 19,600 miles. POPULATION.-Total of the German Empire (1880), 45,250,000; of whom two-thirds are in North Germany; 27 millions belong to Prussia, 1

millions to Alsace Lorraine ; two-thirds are Protestants. This is exclusive of 10 million Germans in the Austro-Hungarian

ROUTE 128.

COLOGNE TO HANOVER AND BERLIN.

(DIRECT ROUTE.)

362 miles. 1st class (express),54m. 30 pf.; 2d, 40m. 20 pf.; 3d, 29 m. Time, express, 10 hours

15 min.

Empire, now shut out from the (For description of Cologne, see

new political Germany.

The soil of Germany is generally productive. Even among the sandy plains in the north there are fertile tracts bordering on the rivers; and the beautiful valleys and enclosed plains among the hilly regions often rival in fertility the best alluvial soils of other countries. The territory bordering on the east bank of the Rhine has a warmer climate and richer soil than any other part of Germany.

MONEY.

For table showing the value of the different coins of the German States in the money of Great Britain and the United States, see the last page of the Introductory Information.

page 523.)

EAVING Cologne we pass Mulheim (23 miles), a manufacturing town, and several unimportant places before reaching

DUSSELDORF (23 miles). (See Route 96.) Passing in succession Calcum (30 miles), and DUISBURG (39 miles), a busy town, we reach OBERHAUSEN (43 miles), where there are branch lines to Emmerich, and to Holland, and to Aix-la-Chapelle by Ruhrort. We next reach Altenessen (50 miles), where a branch goes off 2 miles to ESSEN (51 miles), where is Krupp's celebrated manufactory of steel guns. The fine cathedral contains a bronze candelabrum of seven branches, said to have been presented in 998 by the sister of the Emperor Otho III. The next stoppage is at DORTMUND (74) miles). Near the station is a lime-tree under which the secret tribunal of the Vehme held its sittings. The Vehme was a secret society formed for public protection during the anarchy which reigned after the death of Henry the Lion. In 1429 the Emperor Sigismund was here admitted into this remarkable association,

which then numbered 100,000 members. The Reinoldikirche (Church of St Reinhold), built 1421-50, contains some fine old stained glass and wood carvings. Passing HAMM (93 miles), where the direct line to Bremen and Hamburg by Osnabruck, goes off to the left, we cross the River Ems and reach BIELEFELD (135 miles), (Hotel: Dreikronen). This town is celebrated for its linen trade the largest in Westphalia. HERFORD (143 miles) is a manufacturing town situated on the Werra, near its confluence with the Aa. The next station is SOEHNE, where a line to Osnabruck goes off.

Passing Rehme (near which are some salt works and saline baths) and other unimportant places we reach MINDEN (163 miles) (Hotel: Victoria), a garrison town, and a place of some commercial importance. Its fortifications were destroyed by Frederick the Great at the close of the Thirty Years' War, but have since been rebuilt on a larger scale.

Passing Buckeburg, the chief town of the principality of Schaumburg-Lippe, which has a large palace with fine grounds, Haste, and WUNSTORF, we reach HANOVER (200 miles) (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST.")

ARRIVAL-Several of the best hotels are close to the station.

Cab hire-From the station to any place in the city, 1 or 2 persons, 75 pf; 3 or 4 persons, mark; by the hour, each hour, 50 or 75 pf.; trunks, 15 pf.

1

ENGLISH AND AMERICAN EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Klages Markt. Services-11 A. M. and 4.30 P.M.; winter, 3.30 P.M.

The capital of Hanover, which, since the events of 1866, has become a component part of the Kingdom of Prussia, is situated on the banks of the Leine, and is divided by the river into two

a

parts, the old and new town. The environs may be regarded as beautiful, contrasted with the city itself, which, particularly in the old quarter, presents gloomy aspect. The most interesting buildings are the Stadthaus in the market-place, founded in 1439, with an adjacent public library; the Royal Library, with its 100,000 volumes; the Theatre, one of the largest in Germany; the museum, with good natural history collections; a gallery of pictures; and the Royal Palace, which deserves notice for the magnificence of its internal decorations. Opposite it is the old palace of George V., now the Hotel de Ville. Among the public monuments are the Waterloo column in the Waterloo Platz, near the Palace, and the equestrian statue of Ernest Augustus, near the railway station.

The town has pleasant walks and pleasure grounds, which occupy the place of the old ramparts. In the immediate vicinity is the Royal palace of Herrenhausen, the favourite residence of George I. and II., in the grounds of which is the Royal mausoleum. A fine double avenue of lime trees extends from the city to this palace. The Zoological Gardens are at the southern end of the beautiful forest called Eilenriede.

The Tivoli beer garden in the city is one of the finest establishments of its kind in Europe. Hanover possesses the largest Aquarium in Europe except that at Berlin.

Herschel, the astronomer, was born at Hanover in 1738.

The next station is LEHRTE (210 miles), a junction for Harburg and Hamburg. Here the new line to Berlin branches off to the left and goes on to Berlin, passing through a country of no interest, via STANDEL and SPAN

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