concerts. Two of the chief springs are under the old Kurhaus -the Kesselbrunnen and the Kranchen; the temperature of the former is 116 degrees Fahr. This building is connected with the Kursaal by a fine hall. There are baths in the Kurhaus, also in the Nassauer Hof, and in the Neue Badhaus, on the left bank. A covered suspension bridge connects the gardens with those on the right bank. There are also baths in the Vier Thurme.

"The waters generally are recommended in bronchial and pulmonary affections, and in the dyspepsia of such as have only a tendency to phthisis.

"The action of the waters is that of a mild alterative, diuretic and laxative, and they are believed to favourably influence all catarrhal affections of the mucous membranes."-Tanner.

The interviews between the King of Prussia and the French envoy, which preceded the declaration of war between France and Prussia in July 1870, took place at Ems.

[About six miles from the Eltville station is SCHLANGENBAD (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST"), to which diligences go several times daily in one hour. It is a little village surrounded by wooded hills, much resorted to for its baths. It has two bathhouses, the Old and New Badhaus, and has generally about 850 visitors in the season. The waters are efficacious in diseases of the skin. A band of music plays frequently in the grounds.

About four miles further on towards Wiesbaden, is LANGENSCHWALBACH (Hotels: see "HoTEL LIST"). Its mineral springs are, the Weinbrunnen, so-called from its fancied resemblance to wine, and the Stahlbrunnen, both of which contain iron, and rank among the best iron waters in

WEAVING Frankfort we pass some unimportant places before reaching Gross-Karben, close to which station are the famous TAUNUS SPRINGS, the waters of which are sent in great quantities to England, America, and other countries, and are So much esteemed. The springs are the property of M. Freidrich, the proprietor of the Hotel du Nord, at Cologne. FRIEDBERG (21 miles) (Hotel: Trapp). This curious old town is situated on a hill, and surrounded by walls. Within the precincts of the picturesque Castle is an old Gothic Church, and there are the ruins of another in the town. We cross a viaduct 70 ft. high, and proceed to NAUHEIM (23 miles) (Hotels: de l'Europe, Bellevue). Here is a famous hot salt spring of 95 degrees Fahr. The Kurhaus is a fine building, situated in a park. Previous to 1873 there were gaming tables here. Passing Butzbach (29 miles), we see the ruins of the Castles of Fetzberg and Gleiberg, before reaching GIESSEN (41 miles) (Hotel: Kuhne). It is beautifully situated on the Lahn. The University, founded in 1607, possesses a fine library. The celebrated Liebig was a professor here

1824-52. (Branch lines to Ems, Coblenz, and to Cologne.) Proceeding down the valley of the Lahn, we cross that river before reaching MARBURG (60 miles) (Hotels: Pfeiffer, Ritter). It is a picturesque old town, situated on the side of a hill by the Lahn in a beautiful position, was once a stronghold of the Teutonic order. Among its interesting objects are the Castle of the Landgraves of Hesse, now a prison; the University, which has usually 450 students, and has had among its students Luther, Zwingli, and Melancthon. The Church of St Elizabeth is a Gothic edifice of the thirteenth century, the style of which is regarded as exceedingly pure. It is in a state of excellent preservation.

The conferences between the Swiss and Wittenberg Reformers took place in one of the halls of the old Castle of Marburg.

The University was founded in 1527 by Philip the Magnani

mous.

We cross the Lahn, and pass, amongst other places, Wabern (104 miles), where the Elector had his country seat. We then cross the Fulda by a viaduct of thirteen arches, and reach GUNTERSHAUSEN (116 miles) (Hotel Bellevue). A branch turns off here to Eisenach (see Route 135). Passing Wilhelmshohe, we reach CASSEL (124 miles) (Hotels: Royal, du Nord), formerly the capital of Hesse Cassel, now belonging to Prussia. In the principal square called Friedrich's Platz, is a statue of the Elector Frederick II., the Elector's Palace, and the Museum. The Augarten, a beautiful park, adjoins this square. The Museum contains a Library, a Cabinet of Curiosities, comprising numerous specimens of clocks and watches of various ages, and some fine wood and ivory carvings, and

gems; a Collection of Antiquities, and ancient and modern sculptures; and a Natural History Collection. The Picture Gallery contains some good pictures by Rembrandt, Paul Potter, Van Dyck, Teniers, Holbein, Rubens, Murillo, Titian, and other noted inasters. It contains about 1400 pictures.

The Church of St Martin, in the Friedrich's Platz, a handsome Gothic building, contains several monuments of the Electors.

In the Augarten is an elaborate marble bath, containing statues and bas-reliefs. Near it is the orangery.

About 3 miles from Cassel, connected with it by a beautiful alley of limes, is WILHELMSHOHE, which is called the Versailles of Germany. The gardens contain the Summer Palace of the Elector, near which is the Theatre, and a Fountain, said to be the largest known, except that at Chatsworth. Its jet is 190 ft. high. The New Waterfall, near the inn, is 130 ft. high.

The Cascade of the Karlsburg consists of a number of stone steps, extending 900 ft. up a hill to the Temple of the Winds, which is crowned by a colossal statue of Hercules. About halfway up is a representation of the Giant Enceladus, overwhelmed by the crags of Mount Etna. The statue of Hercules is of copper, 31 ft. high, standing on a pyramid, which is supported by the octagonal structure abovementioned, rising to a height of 1,312 ft. above the Fulda. Near the cascade is a miniature castle, called the Lowenburg, surrounded with agreeable gardens and pleasure grounds. The armoury contains some interesting relics. In the chapel is a fine sarcophagus of Carrara marble over the grave of Wilhelm I. Wilhelmshohe was built with moneys received by

the Elector for his subjects, the soldiers he sold to the British Government for the war in America (1776). It was assigned to Napoleon III., after the battle of Sedan, as his residence, and he resided here until April 1871.

ROUTE 144.

FRANKFORT TO WURZBURG NUREMBURG, RATISBON, AND VIENNA.

THIS IS THE MOST DIRECT ROUTE BETWEEN COLOGNE OR FRANK FORT AND NUREMBURG, RATISBON, LINZ, AND VIENNA.

Express fares to Nuremburg1st class, 21.70 m.; 2nd, 15.10 m. Distance, 145 miles; express, six hours. To Vienna-1st class, 68.50 m.; 2nd, 50.10 m. Distance, 464 miles; express, fifteen hours.

(For the journey as far as HANAU (11 miles), see page 518.)

ETTINGEN (18 miles) is celebrated for the battle fought near it in 1743, between the English, and Austrians, and the French. George II. commanded the allied forces in person. AsCHAFFENBURG (25 miles) (Hotel: Friedhof) is situated on the right bank of the Main. It was a Roman station. The Schloss is a square building with towers, erected in 1614. It contains a Picture Gallery and Library. In the park is the Roman villa, or Pompeianum, an imitation of the house of Castor and Pollux at Pompeii. The Cathedral was originally founded in 980, but the existing building was con

structed partly in the thirteenth century, though traces of the former structure remain. It contains two bas-reliefs in bronze, representing the Virgin, and Albert II. of Brandenburg, executed by Vischer in 1526, and another of Otto, Duke of Bavaria, dating from 1575. [A railway connects Aschaffenburg with Mayence on the Rhine, distance 46 miles, fares, 1st class, 6.25 ;. 2nd, 4.15.1

Leaving Aschaffenburg, we pass through the Forest of Spessart, a remnant of the ancient Hercynian forest, and presently cross the Laufach, and go through a tunnel of about two miles long to Heigenbrucken. Beyond Partenstein, we enter the valley of the Lohr, and reach the station of that name on the right bank of the Main. Gemunden (57

miles) is situated at the confluence of the Main and the Saale. Above it, see the ruined Castle of Schoeneberg, destroyed

in 1243.

We presently reach WURZBURG (80 miles) (Hotels: *Kronprinz von Baiern, Russischer Hof). This ancient town is pleasantly situated on the Main. It is connected with the suburb of Mainviertel by an ancient stone bridge, adorned with statues of saints, &c. There are some very quaint, picturesque old houses to be seen in various parts of the town. At the end of the Domstrasse is the Cathedral, originally founded in the 8th century. The earlier portions of the present building are of the 11th and 12th centuries. In the interior are monuments of the Prince-bishops and others. The Neue Munster, near the Cathedral, is built on the spot where the Irish Saint Kilian suffered martyrdom. In a niche on the outside of this church is a monument to Vogelweide, the Minnesinger, who died in 1230, leaving

a sum of money to be laid out in food for the birds to be given to them at his tomb every day. The monument bears an inscription to that effect. The chapter sub. sequently appropriated the bequest to themselves.

"Vogelweide the Minnesinger,
When he left this world of ours,
Laid his body in the cloister,

Under Wurzburg's minster towers.
And he gave the monks his treasures,
Gave them all with this behest:
They should feed the birds at noon-
tide

Daily at his place of rest;

[A line goes off from Wurzburg to Bamberg and Baireuth; distance to Bamberg, 63 miles. Half-way to Bamberg is Schweinfurt Junction, where a line goes off north (16 miles) to KISSINGEN BATHS (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST"). Of its three springs the Rakoczy and Pandur furnish saline, and the Maxbrunnen acidulous and alkaline waters. The Soolen-Sprudal is remarkable for the ebb and flow of its waters. The waters of Kissingen are efficacious in cases of chronic disease, gout, &c. Visitors, about 7,000 annually. Visitors

strels

Near the Cathedral is the Royal Palace, formerly the residence of the Prince-Bishops. It contains 285 apartments, some of which are magnificent. The Chapel is richly decorated in the style of the age of Louis XIV. On the north side of the town is the Julius-spital, an asylum for aged and infirm persons. In the market-place is the Marienkapelle, a fine Gothic structure of the 14th and 15th centuries. The University, founded in 1582, is celebrated as a school of medicine. The Citadel stands on a hill covered with vineyards. It commands a magnificent view, but permission must be obtained to visit it. The famous Stein wine is grown at Wurzburg.

a tax for the use of the Kurhaus, &c., as at Baden-Baden and Wiesbaden.

The Kurgarten is the great rendezvous. It is a large space planted with trees in front of the Kurhaus, and the Arcade, in which is the Conversation Haus.

The vicinity abounds in delightful promenades and excursions.

BAMBERG (Hotel: Bamberger Hof), beautifully situated on the Pegnitz. Its most noteworthy object is the Cathedral, a fine Byzantine edifice founded in 1004. The old Palace of the Prince-Bishops of Bamberg is a fine edifice. [Distance to Wurzburg, 64 miles, to Nuremburg, 46 miles.]

Leaving Wurzburg, and passing several stations, the most important being Furth, we reach NUREMBURG (145 miles) (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST").

Cabs.-hour, one person, 40 pf.; two persons, 60 pf; three or four persons, 80 pf. Baggage, small, 10 pf.; large, 30 pf., per package. Porter into the town, under 1 cwt., 30 pf.

English Church Service in summer at the Hotel Bariére.

This was formerly one of the most important towns in Europe.

It is still distinguished in many branches of industry, especially in the manufacture of lead pencils, wooden toys, mirrors, bronzes, &c. It is a curious old town, containing numbers of medieval houses, together with several magnificent ones of later date. The River Pegnitz runs through the town, dividing it in two equal parts, which are named after the large church in each, St Sebald's side on the north, and St Lawrence's side on the south. The Church of St Lawrence is a fine Gothic building of the 13th century; the towers are surmounted by handsome spires. The portal at the west end is richly decorated, and contains statues of the Virgin and several saints, and representations of various Scriptural incidents. The stained glass windows are magnificent. Many of the sculptures are by Albert Durer.

A prominent object in this church is the pix of white stone, 64 ft. high, beautifully carved by Adam Krafft. It rises nearly to the roof of the church, and the top, which bends over, has been compared by Longfellow to the crest of a fountain.

In the market-place is the Catholic Church, or Frauenkirche. Its portal, like that of St Lawrence, is adorned with figures of the Virgin, Saints, Prophets, &c. The interior contains some good paintings and sculptures.

The Schone Brunnen (Beautiful Fountain), also in the marketplace, consists of a fine Gothic obelisk, 56 ft. high, adorned with many statues. The Goose Market, near the Frauenkirche, contains a bronze fountain, called the Gansemannchen, which represents a peasant carrying two geese out of whose bills flow streams of water. In a street leading out of the principal market-place, is the house once inhabited by Hans

Sachs, the shoemaker-poet of the 16th century. Another Nuremburg poet of the same period was Melchior Pfinzing, secretary to the Emperor Maximilian, who composed a nuptial ode called "Theuerdank," on the occasion of the Emperor's marriage with Mary of Burgundy.

The Rathhaus contains a good collection of pictures. Öpen daily, fee 35 pf. The great hall is adorned with those of Albert Durer. Under this building are secret passages leading various directions to the fosse outside the walls of the town.

in

St Sebald's Church was originally built in the 10th century. The greater part of the existing structure is of the 14th century. The portals are finely carved. The interior contains some handsome stained windows, and good sculptures, and a painting by Albert Durer. The Shrine of St Sebald, in the choir, is a chef d'œuvre of Peter Vischer. It is a beautiful Gothic canopy of bronze, in open work, adorned with statues of the Twelve Apostles, above which are twelve of the Fathers of the Church, and cupids, sea-monsters, &c., amid foliage and flowers.

Melchior Pfinzing lived in the Parsonage-house of St Sebald, on the north-west corner of the square in which the church is situated. It has a handsome oriel window.

The Gothic Church of St Maurice, near St Sebald's, is used as a picture-gallery; it contains some good paintings. In the neighbourhood is a bronze statue of Albert Durer, by Rauch.

The Castle, or Burg, is at the north side of the town. It is a fine, massive building, of the eleventh century. It stands on a rock, and commands an extensive view. Part of it is fitted up