to have war at this moment. She may even want the war earlier. The defensive and offensive preparations of the Soviet Union and China must, therefore, be completed before 1960. Whether we can prevent the United States from starting the war depends upon how much success we have in isolating her and how effective is our peace offensive. If the war can be averted, the success of our plan of peaceful penetration for the other parts of Asia is almost assured.

"In the case of India, only peaceful means should be adopted. Any employment of force will alienate ourselves from the Arabic countries and Africa, because India is considered to be our friend.

"10. ARABIC COUNTRIES AND AFRICA

"After India has been won over, the problems of the Philippines and the Arabic countries can be easily solved by economic cooperation, alliances, united fronts, and coalitions. This task may be completed in 1965. Then a wave of revolution will sweep over the whole continent of Africa and the imperialists and the colonizationists will be quickly driven into the sea. In fact, this powerful movement may have been under way much earlier.

"With Asia and Africa disconnected with the capitalist countries in Europe, there will be a total economic collapse in Western Europe. There, capitulation will be a matter of course.

"11. THE UNITED STATES

"Crushing economic collapse and industrial breakdown will follow the European crisis. Canada and South America will find themselves in the same hopeless and defenseless condition. Twenty years from now, world revolution will be an accomplished fact. If the United States should ever start a war, she would do so before the liberation of Japan, the Philippines, and India. The courses of action in that event are outlined in the memorandum on military aid."

That is the end of the statement that Senator Knowland had placed in the Record, and for the purpose of this presentation, we have made a map of the statements made here, with the time phases, and passed them out.

I appreciate the opportunity to get that in the record, Mr. Chair

Mr. PROUTY. Mr. Chairman, could I ask one question at this point? Chairman CHIPERFIELD. Yes.

Mr. PROUTY. Why was this speech made?

General STEWART. This was presented in the Record by Senator Knowland. It is dated April 29, 1954.

Mr. PROUTY. Where was the speech made?

General STEWART. This is purported to be "An outline of Mao Tse-tung's Memorandum on New Program for World Revolution, carried to Moscow by Chou En-lai in March 1953."

Mr. PROUTY. We got that through intelligence services?

Mr. VORYS. Do you have any idea or does Mr. Drumright or anyone else have any idea, of the authenticity of it, other than Senator Knowland's introductory statement?

General STEWART. I do not, sir.

Mr. VORYS. Mr. Drumright.

STATEMENT OF EVERETT DRUMRIGHT, DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR FAR EASTERN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Mr. DRUMRIGHT. Senator Knowland sent a copy of that to the Secretary of State about 2 months ago. We looked it over. Some of us felt that it has some of the earmarks of authenticity. It sounds logical; it sounds in line with Communist outlines of objectives, but we have no absolute confirmation of its authenticity. I don't know where Senator Knowland obtained it.

Mr. JUDD. We had the same thing last year. It is like the Tanaka Memorial. Nobody would believe the Tanaka Memorial outlining the Japanese plan of conquest until the Japanese followed it out, point by point by point. Everybody said, "It is a forgery. It can't happen."

As a matter of fact, the only problem is how do you get people to believe it? If you go back and study the report that humble yours truly made to this committee on November 14, 1947, pretty nearly all the points were in that. Almost 7 years ago.

COMMUNIST PLANS FOR WORLD REVOLUTION

Mr. VORYS. Do you consider that this Mao Tse-tung statement is authentic?

Mr. JUDD. Yes, I do. This is what the Communists talked about doing as long as 24 years ago, to my personal knowledge. The dates in it are later. They expected then to be able to do this in the 1960's instead of 1973. This later estimate may be too pessimistic because if they get a thing going, it can go faster, rather than slower, and they wouldn't have to wait until 1973 to break the revolution in the Western Hemisphere, and so forth.

Mr. PROUTY. Does this purport to be a speech or a private conversation?

The Tanaka Memorial is a Japanese document written in the 1920's (ie., prior to Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931) in which its supposed author. Prime Minister Tanaka Glichi, advised the Emperor to adopt an aggressive, expansionist policy toward China. This document was later shown to be a forgery.

Dr. Judd is here referring to an oral report to the committee made by the Study Missions to Europe and Asia; see pp. 234-256 of the printed hearings on "Emergency Foreign Aid" (80th Cong., 1st sess., November 1947). The report made reference to Communist policies.

Mr. JUDD. It is a memorandum, Mao's analysis. They go to Moscow for negotiations two or three times a year to give their ideas and get Moscow's ideas.

You can compare this memorandum with Stalin's little booklet, the one the Kremlin got out in September 1952, just before the World Congress which was in October 1952. He outlined essentially the same thing without the dates and details but the basic program. Štalin said the most important event in World War I was the falling away of the Soviet Union from the single world market, and the most important event in World War II, and since, was the falling away of the "people's democracies" in Eastern Europe and of China, from the single world market.

Now, Stalin said, the remaining world market is not adequate for the capitalist powers. It is inevitable that there will be capitalist wars to get the markets. In effect, he said, "Comrades, we have this thing won. We don't need to start an economic war. The economic factors are such that the capitalists will quarrel among themselves; we have the ground for subversion laid in Asia and the shrunken world market will force the industrial capitalistic powers to fight among themselves, and what he called "the deepening crisis of the world capitalist system'-is inevitable."

It is a public document, and I wish I had it here. Stalin said America has imposed her will upon France and Britain under the guise of the Marshall plan in order to keep her own economy going, but it is certain that eventually France and England will rise up to free themselves from America's dominance, and so she will lose that control.

He said that people argue there is a greater gap between the capitalist world and the Communist world than there is between the various nations of the capitalist world. He said "No, that isn't so." The capitalist world united France, America and England against Germany, another capitalist country, and even when Germany went to war with them, they turned around and-America, France and Britain-helped the socialist country, the Soviet Union, against their fellow capitalist country, Germany. He gives all these illustrations of the capitalists fighting among themselves, and even at time, helping the socialists because the desire for profits is so inherent and dominant in the capitalist system.

People say that Malenkov, and others, have deviated from Stalin's policies and, therefore, there is more hope since Stalin died. If they

7 Information on the Marshall plan is to be found in footnote 4 of the Mar. 19, 1953 session of the Subcommittee on National Security in this volume.

8 Georgi M. Malenkov was Premier of the Soviet Union at the time of these hearings. Dr. Judd is referring to the so-called "Soviet peace offensive" which was made a major feature of Soviet foreign policy after Stalin's death in March 1953 and the subsequent seizure of power by a triumvirate comprised of Premier Georgi M. Malenkov. Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov, and Layrenti Beria. head of the Soviet secret police. This policy, first announced in a speech by Premier Malenkov to the Supreme Soviet on Mar. 15, 1953, stated that the Soviet Union believed that no dispute or undecided issue could not be resolved through peaceful means on the basis of mutual understanding among interested countries and world powers, including the United States. Three major points in this new Soviet foreign policy were that the Soviet Union would (1) discuss a Korean truce on what were considered to be Western terms, (2) reduce pressure for German reunification. and (3) adopt a more cooperative attitude in working with Western powers in the United Nations. At the time. this policy shift was widely regarded as the most active Communist attempt to promote peace since the beginning of Korean armistice negotiations. Western leaders, however, believed that it was no more than a tactical shift motivated by a need to ease foreign and domestic tensions facing the new Soviet regime, and that the Soviets' ultimate goal, the overthrow of the "free world," remained unchanged.

will go read Stalin's last will and testament, everything Malenkov has done follows out to the letter the line he laid down.

This Mao memorandum is a public document like Stalin's. It is like Mein Kampf,10 but nobody would believe that, either. "It just can't happen here." I am more pessimistic than that.

General STEWART. That is why I thought it was appropriate to enter this into the record of this committee.

Mr. JUDD. Could I ask one more question of Mr. Drumright? You said there were some parts of it that seemed to be authentic.

Is there anything in it that so far as you know conflicts with or is contrary to the general world program of the Communist Party, insofar as we are familiar with it?

Mr. DRUMRIGHT. I believe, Dr. Judd, a reply which the Secretary [of State] sent to Senator Knowland said we thought it had all the earmarks of an authentic document and pointed to a program which we believed the Communists were trying to carry out.

Mr. JUDD. Would it be possible to have a copy of that reply put in the record?

Mr. DRUMRIGHT. I will look into that.

Mr. JUDD. It was a public reply, wasn't it?

Mr. DRUMRIGHT. It was a private reply.

Mr. JUDD. If it could be made public in connection with that, I think it would be valuable.

Mr. DRUMRIGHT. We will look into it.

[The document referred to follows:]

Hon. WILLIAM F. KNOWLAND,

United States Senate.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, D.C., March 18, 1954.

DEAR BILL: Thank you for your letter of March 9 and for the memorandum which it enclosed purporting to have originated with Mao Tze-tung and to set forth a new program for world revolution.

The strategy set forth in the memorandum may be one which the Chinese Communists intend to follow. The memorandum presents an accurate exposition of what the Communists may want to see take place and which they may do their best to bring about. I am glad to have it. It would be interesting to know the source of the memorandum.

Sincerely yours,

JOHN FOSTER DULLES.

PLANS FOR ADDITIONAL TESTIMONY

General STEWART. Mr. Chairman, General Chase is here today, and with the chairman's permission, I suggest General Chase answer any questions anyone wants to put to him. And then we have the chief programers of each service, Army, Navy, and Air Force, present this morning, and with the committee's permission, I would like, at the appropriate time, for them to take the seat I have occupied

10 Mein Kampf (My Struggle) is a book written by Adolf Hitler which was, in essence, the manifesto of the German National Socialist (Nazi) Party. It was begun in April 1924 while Hitler was in Landsberg Prison serving 9 months of a 5-year sentence following the Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923, and was finally completed in 1926. In the book, Hitler outlined his plans for the German conquest of Europe to secure Lebensraum (room to live, "living space"). especially to the East (i.e.. the Slavic countries), the enslavement of the "inferior" Jews and Slavs, and the concept of a German state which would rule Europe, dominate world affairs, and be comprised of members of the "Aryan race" who would command a mighty industrial economy.