In a tomb at Thebes, this queen is styled "Royal Wife" only, and appears in connection with Thotmes IV., from which she was thought to have been his consort. Two double statues have since been discovered of this king, seated by the side of Queen Tiaa, who in both groups is called "The principal Royal Wife whom he loves," and the 'Royal Mother." M. Maspero, in his life of Thotmes IV., has shown that Queen Tiaa is to be regarded as the daughter of Thotmes III., probably by a mother who was not royal; that she was the queen of Amenhetep II., and the mother of Thotmes IV.1 Mr. Petrie notes that Tiaa could scarcely have been the "principal Royal Wife" of Thotmes IV., since another wellknown queen figures in that connection, and he also calls her the mother, instead of the consort, of that king. The young prince Thotmes appears in a Theban tomb as one of a group of small figures, who are called king's sons. The names of Thotmes' companions have been carefully erased, and there is nothing to show whether they were, perhaps, other sons, early deceased, of Queen Tiaa, or the children of slaves. No details of Tiaa's life are known. The fine statue in black granite of this king and queen, found in 1903 by M. Legrain at Karnak, represents Tiaa as a beautiful woman, with a face rather older than that of the young king by her side, whom she embraces. She wears the tight clinging robe and huge wig of Egyptian princesses, and on her brow is the royal serpent. A similar group, which was discovered twenty years ago in the Fayûm, has since disappeared. The name and titles of Tiaa occur on a fragment of a blue glazed vase now in the collection of Lord Amherst." In Tomb Thoutmôsis IV., xiv, xv, xix. 2 Queen Mut-em-ua. Cairo M., Room M, No. 322. 3 3 P., H.E., vol. II, 164, 165. "Royal Wife; Great Royal Mother; "Divine Mother; Lady of Both Lands." This queen is generally considered to have been the wife of Thotmes IV. She was possibly his half-sister, and the daughter of Amen-hetep II. Her son was Amenhetep III., who has made famous the name of his mother in his temple inscriptions at Luxor, where she is specially honoured. Although she is styled "Lady of Both Lands," the other title of birth, "Royal Daughter," is missing,1 but it is possibly supplied to her in that of a queen, whose name reads Arat, on a stela at Knossos, where she accompanies Thotmes. Mr. Petrie notes that this name is written by two signs, which may be "merely an idiogram for the 'goddess queen,'” referring probably to Mut-em-ua. The queen in this instance has the titles "Royal Daughter, Royal Sister, Great Royal Wife."3 Her son, Amen-hetep III., seems to have possessed rights through his mother, but was, perhaps, dissatisfied with his father's descent from the low-born Aset. This defect he proceeded to rectify by the same process as that adopted by his ancestress, Queen Hatshepsut. In his temple at Luxor, Amen-hetep records the renewed intervention of Amen, who again condescends to purify the race, and Amen-hetep is born of a divine father, while his mother is Mut-em-ua. It is significant that in these sculptures the royal descent of the queen seems a recognized fact. A different view has recently been taken by certain writers concerning the parentage of Amen-hetep III. This 1 MASPERO, Tomb Thoutmosis IV., xxvi. 2 P., H.E., vol. II, 170. 3 L., D., iii, 69 e. theory makes him the son of Amen-hetep II., or of some priest of Amen married to Mut-em-ua. M. Maspero says: "The answer to this question is given on the monuments. "At Luxor, in the scene of the theogamy, it is stated that "the god Amen came towards the queen under the form " of the Majesty of this husband Thoutmôsis IV." "At el Kab, Amenothes III. states that he completed "the little temple as a 'memorial of his father Thout"môsis IV.' The terms are sufficiently explicit to expel "all doubts; Thoutmôsis was certainly the husband of "Mut-em-ua and the father of Amenothes III." Several portraits of the queen were carved in the Luxor temple, where she was shown with that half mysterious, half pathetic beauty of expression, which is so often found in the low-relief sculptures of Egyptian women at this period. Mut-em-ua is also represented with Amen-hetep's famous colossi at Thebes which dominate the plain, and were known to the ancients as the statues of "Memnon." At the side of the throne, and by the feet of the seated Pharaoh, are the smaller figures of his mother and of his wife. A fine sacred boat in granite, seven feet long, still exists, with the name and titles of Queen Mut-em-ua engraved upon it. This boat may have belonged to the service of the Luxor temple, where the king's mother was of supreme importance. It is now in the British Museum." and Several princesses of the family of Thotmes IV. are on record. They were probably his daughters, and their names read, Thaa, Takheta, Petahuha, Takhetaui, Merytptah, Sathora, Neferamen, Uaay, Uaay, Henut-anu, Amenemapet. Many years ago when Rhind was excavating at Thebes, he made a curious discovery in a tomb which had been sealed under Amen-hetep III. 1 Tomb Thoutmôsis IV., xxiv. 2 A.B., 34. The burial place had been rifled, and in the lower chamber were broken and nameless mummies, while in the upper one, amongst fragments of tomb furnishings, there were a number of small wooden labels containing the names of the princesses above mentioned, who are described as "of the house of the royal children of Menkheperu-Ra" (Thotmes IV). The labels are supposed to have been used to designate the ownership of articles of tomb furniture, a matter which might very well give rise to confusion, where so many princesses were laid in the same tomb. The princess Takheta is thought by Petrie to have been the daughter of some captive woman of the Kheta tribes.2 All of these princesses living in the brilliant epoch of the Thotmes, may well have had stories of their own, full of interest and even bearing with importance on the history of their era; yet, with two exceptions, no word concerning them has descended to modern times, except the small labels in hieratic writing, left perhaps by chance in the Theban tomb. The exceptions are Thaa, whose canopic jar is in the Amherst collection, and the royal daughter Amenemapet, a portrait of whom is graven in the tomb of a scribe, Horemheb, at Thebes. She is there represented as a child, held on the knees of Horemheb, who was her tutor.1 NEBT-U, whose name is on one of the labels, appears to have been of more important rank than the others. She is called "king's daughter, daughter of the royal son Satum." Mention is made of this queen's name by an official, Nebamen, who lived in the reigns of two of the Thotmes, and who was, "keeper of the house of the Royal Wife Nebtu." Nothing positive of her position is known, beyond |