knowledgments for their communications. Thefe are; Sir Jofeph Banks; Sir Ashton Lever; John Gideon Loten, Efq; 1 te Governor in the Dutch Settlements in India; Mr. Zimmerman, Mathematical Profeffor at Brunfwick; and the celebrated Mr. Pallas, now in the fervice of the Emprefs of Ruffia. With fuch helps, it is not extraor dinary that a much more complete lift of quadrupeds has been formed than ever before appeared in our language, or perhaps in any other. The number of fpecies now defcribed amounts to 412.

With respect to the eaty and natural method followed in this work, as it is the fame with that of the Synopfis, nothing further need be faid of it. The account of the manners, ufes, &c. of each animal, annexed to the defcription, is concife; but, in general, contains the most interesting particulars known concerning them. On the whole, much enter ainment and inftruction may be derived from this book, which, we doubt not, will be confidered by naturalists as a ftandard in its kind, till the bounds of knowledge in this branch are much extended by future researches.

A very confiderable number of plates is given in the work, which feem in general to convey faithful and ftriking images of the feveral fubjects.

LA W.

Art. 29. The Trial of the Hon. Mrs. Catherine Newton, Wife of John Newton, Fiq; a Daughter of the Right Hon. and Rev. Lord Francis Seymour; at the Confiftory Court of Doctors Commons: on a Libel and Allegations, charging her with the Crime of Adultery with Mr. Iham Baggs, a young Oxonian; Mr. Brett, a Player; Thomas Cope*, &c. &c. Containing the whole of the Evidence In Two Parts. Svo. 2 s. 6d. each. Etherington,

&c. 1:82.

The fentence pronounced by the court was, " That John Newton, Efq; fhould be divorced from bed, board, and mutual cohabitation with Catherine Newton, his wife."

MEDICAL.

Art. 30. De Morbis quibufdam Commentarii. Auctore Clifton Wintringham, Baronetto, M. D. Colleg. Medic. Londinenf. & Parifienf Socio, Societatis Regiæ Sodali, & Medico Regio. 8vo. 49. boards. Cadell. 1782.

The refpectable Author of this volume has prefixed to it the following notice to the Reader.

"Commentarios infequentes edendo id tantùm voluit auctor, eas notationes indicare, eafque admonitiones interponere, quibus morborum quorundam diftin&tio, præfagitio, et fanatio, certiores forent; utpotè quas ægrotorum curatio per annos quadraginta, tam urbe Londinenfi et ejus fuburbanis privatim, quàm in valetudinariis militaribus peregrè appofitas et indubias reddidiffe videatur."

Thefe commentaries are dawn up in the form of aphorifms, not arranged in any particular order, only in gene al fo as that thofe relating to the fame fubje&t follow each other. Much deference is undoubtedly due to the learning and long experience of the Author;

*Her coachman. Her footman, alfo, and a Captain Acland, are named in the title-page; and divers other perfons.'

yet

yet in many points it can fcarcely be doubted, that both the theory and pra&ice of the art are improved fince the date of his obfervations. The Boerhaavian doctrines prevail through the whole, and feem confiderably to influence the practical conclufions.

Art. 31. The Works of Jofeph Elfe, Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hofpital, and Member of the Royal Academy of Surgery of Paris. Containing a Treatife on the Hydrocele, and other Papers on different Subjects in Surgery. To which is added, an Appendix containing fome Cafes of the Hydrocele, with a Comparison of the different Methods of treating it by Cauftic and Seton. By George Vaux, Surgeon. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Johnfon. 1782.

This republication of the works of the late ingenious Mr. Elle will, we doubt not, be acceptable to the friends of that art which he practifed with fo much reputation. As they were noticed by us at their first appearance, it is unneceffary for us to give our Readers any further information concerning them.

The fhort Appendix, by Mr. Vaux, is defigned to fhew, from actual experience, the preference due to Mr. Elle's method of curing the Hydrocele by caustic, to that by feton, which Mr. Pott has recommended. The fuperior advantages of the former are here afferted in the most pofitive manner, and feem confirmed by fome cafes which allowed a fair comparison of the fuccefs of both methods.

RELIGIOUS.

Art. 32. Strictures on a Pamphlet, entitled, "The State and Behaviour of English Catholics from the Reformation to the Year 1780," wherein the falfe Infinuations of that Pamphlet in forming a doctrinal Union between the Church of England and the Church of Rome are refuted; the Proteftant Affociation vindicated from feveral Calumnies thrown upon it in that Work: and an Enquiry who were principally concerned in the execrable Riots in June 1780. 8vo. 2s. Dilly. 1782.

We have fo fully delivered our fentiments on the principal fubjects difcuffed in this performance, that a repetition of them would be judged in every view fuperfluous. Our fentiments are in no respect altered; but are rather confirmed by every oblervation we make, and from every reflection into which we are led, whether political or ecclefiaftical-whether as members of fociety at large, or of the Protestant Church in particular.

There is nothing new nor firiking in the argumentative or declamatory part of this pamphlet. The Author's reading hath been partial and confined; and his principles appear to be narrowed by a bigoted education, and fhaded by the prejudices of a darker age.

All that is new in this publication relates to the hiftory of the Proteftant Affociation-we are prefented with copious extracts from the Minutes of that Society: its letters, petitions, refolutions, &c. &c. In justice however to the members of the Affociation, we think it fair to transcribe what our Author hath advanced in answer to infinuations which have been thrown out against the general band of affcciators respecting the riots in 1780. After the riots were fuppreffed, and many perfons who had been concerned in them were in custody, and the Proteftant Affociation, who had been the means of affembling fo large a multitude, had denied the leaft connection with the rioter,

and

and Government was not in poffeffion of any proof that would criminate the Committee or Affociation; it was determined to arrange the names of the London Proteftant Petition in alphabetical order, and print it. A copy of this book I have now before me. It is a handfome 4to volume, confifting of 289 pages, and each page of three columns of names. Had any perfon, who had figned the Petition, been amongst the rioters, and brought to trial, he must by this means have been at once detected: but it is a certain fact, that of 44,000, who figned the Proteftant Petition, not one was found amongst the perfons either tried, executed, or flain and not one of the perfons who were tried or executed were ever at any meeting of the Affociation. This is to me a moft fatisfactory proof of their innocence. Had they been concerned as a body, it is not poffible that every individual fhould have escaped. It is fo truly afonifhing, that it is with difficulty the fact gains credit. But the fact is certain. The Affociation has a multitude of enemies, who have diligently laboured to convict them; but hitherto, and for ever, they must labour in vain...... But though none were brought to trial, it may be faid, yet fome might be flain. None were found among the dead; none were ever miffing. The Papifts who were tried, hanged, and found among the dead, are a demonftration that they were more concerned as rioters than the Proteftant Affociation.'

The ingenious Author of the pamphlet on which thefe ftri&ures were written, often fneers at the members of that Affociation, as perfons wholly illiterate and ignorant. His Anfwerer is evidently hurt at fo contemptuous an infinuation, and attempts to retort it by a ftroke of irony. As to your affertion, that the affociators were not qualified to combine ideas; their inferiority to you nuft readily be acknowledged. You and your party can conceive, as an undoubted truth, that a piece of bread is an entire man, is a God, is a proper object of worship; and that an old man, that dwells at Rome, has received a commiffion from heaven to deliver to the civil magiftrate to be put to death, and to condemn to the torments of hell, all that think and practife otherwife. Here is a combination of ideas for which the Proteftant Affociators, fuch is the dulnefs of their conceptions, acknowledge an utter incapacity!

The Writer concludes his pamphlet by drawing the main force of his arguments together in the form of a question; viz Whether Papilts can be good fubjects to a Proteftant ftate, and especially when there is a Popith pretender to the throne? To the refolution of this question the following queries may be propofed. Is not the King of Great Britain, according to the canons of the Council of Trent, a heretic, and anathematized ?-May not an anathematized prince, when circumstances favour, be rightfully d pofed for the intereft of the church? Ought not a good Papilt to delire the welfare of the church, and confequently the depofition of fuch princes, whenever the times will admit ?-And to thefe I beg to ade-Is it not altogether fitting, that, in a Proteftan: S a.e, men of fuch principles as thefe,

For an account of the State and Behaviour of the Enguh Catholics, fee Review for June 1781, p. 401.

be

be laid under certain restraints?'-What reftraints?-Let the Author answer this, and we will undertake to anfwer all his queries. Art. 33. A Plain and Short Account of the Nature of Baptifm, according to the New Testament; with a curfory Remark on Confirmation, and the Lord's Supper. By Gilbert Wakefield, B. A. late Fellow of Jefus College, Cambridge, and Claffical Tutor at Warrington. 12mo. 1 s. Johnfon. 1781.

The prefent tract is divided into three chapters. The first flates, that Baptifm, as performed by John the Baptift, and by the Apostles of Jefus Chrift, was the immersion of the whole body under water.' The 2d, that it appears highly probable, from a review of the New Teftament, and from confidering the nature of the institution itself, that baptifm was not performed upon infants in the days of Chrift and bis Apoftles. The arguments made ufe of under thefe heads are fuch as have been common to this controverfy ever fince the fubject of it hath been made a matter of difpute in the Chriftian church. The 3d chapter affects to prove, that baptifm, at whatever age, and in whatever form adminiftered, is now, and always was UNNECES SARY and IMPROPER to be practifed on the offspring of Christian parents.' In this more fingular part of the argument our Author follows the track of the celebrated Arian, Mr. Emlyn; though he hath not thought proper to hint at the obligation, or even to mention the name of his ingenious and worthy predeceffor.

Mr. Wakefield, according to the cuttom of gentlemen of the la house of Reformation, rings changes on CREDULITY and SUPERSTITION; BIGOTRY and ENTHUSIASM; IGNORANCE and INSINCERITY; IMPOSITION and SLAVERY, and all the cant of thofe who, thinking themselves in full poffeffion of REASON and TRUTH, look down with fovereign contempt on all who have not arrived to their ftandard of affurance, and who number modefty and candour among the virtues of the Chriftian.

I challenge (fays this champion) any man to fhew the inconfift ency of my conclufions with the Scriptures of the New Teftament. To them only I make my appeal. Whoever is unable to do this, and fhall abuse and condemn me, I make no fcruple to call a Fool.'

We shall not undertake to reprefs the ardour of this Writer (who feems to fufpect that he may be called indifcreet by fome, conceited by others, and profane by many'), nor fhall we endeavour to baffle the force of his argument by any laboured difcuflions of the fubject. We think the original command, to preach the Gospel to every creature, and the connecting baptifm with faith and repentance, which are neceffary, not for one æra of time, or for one clafs of people, but for all, and that too to the end of time, a strong prefumption at least in favour of the perpetuity and univerfality of this rire. And this prefumption, fo far from being contradicted, is confirmed, by the other directions refpecting baptifm in the New Testament. Mr. Wakefield may laugh at this obfervation, and, if he pleafe, may put his terrible menace in execution, and call us FeOLS!!! If he does, we hope we shall not be eager to follow an example which candour and decency will not approve.

I

SER

Preached at the Cathedral Church of Hereford, before the Contribators to the General Infirmary at Hereford, July 3, 1781. By A. Rudd, M. A. Prebendary of Hereford, and Matter of the Grammar-School. 8vo. 1s. Hereford, printed.

This sermon, published by defire, is ingenious and fenfible.. The following paffage we infert in the Author's words: In examining the hiftory of other kingdoms, particularly the ancient, and comparing their establishments and practices with thofe of our own age and nation, if it be found that there be more in the former of glory and grandeur, it must yet be allowed, that the later ages of the world have cultivated the arts of humanity with fuperior fuccefs. "If we attend, for inftance, to the manners and initutions of the Romans, during the most profperous condition of the empire; if we review their public buildings and monuments of art, we shall be ftruck, even from the idea that their ruins give us, with the extent of their defigns, and the fuccets with which they were executed,--the remains of their architecture, however, are calculated only to infpire us with notions of their magnificence; fuperb temples, Juanptuous villas, and triumphal arches, forming the whole of this auguft fcene; no hiftorian has mentioned, and no mouldering ruin authorifes us to furmife that they had any boufes of compaffion, where age might repofe or fickness be relieved.'-1 he rights of the poor were, he adds, at this feafon, totally difregarded.-This leads him to fpeak of the happy alteration introduced by the mild genius of Chriftianity. The Sermon is well. fitted to the occafion.

CORRESPONDENCE.

The pamphlet concerning which P. D. makes enquiry came to hand, and will be duly noticed. It waits its turn, in company with a crowd of other publications, which have not yet been able to gain admittance.

+++ The Reviewers prefent their compliments to the gentleman who figns Your humble Servant and Reader," and wish it were in their power to give him any information concerning the books after which he enquires. They have not yet met with the "Latin fyftem of Philofophy, written by Dagoumer; nor do they know that the "Theological Differtations, by Teyler's Society at Haarlem," is published.

The Conclufion of JENYNS's Difquifitions in our next; together with the Answer to the 7th Difquifition. Alfo Mr. Scott's Poetical Works.-The History of the Bible, by a Lady, is under confderation.

The Remainder of Rouffeau's CONFESSIONS, with the Reveries of the SOLITARY WALKER, in our next. The former part of this article was given in our laf APPENDIX.

Erratum in our Laft.

P.0, Art. 21, 1. 18, del. the words, as a kind of degradation?