4. If the body is left dead from obstruction to the circulation, as from fibrinous concretion, the body, in so far as the external surface is concerned, will be chilled to the temperature of its surrounding medium in two hours.

5. In these last three named forms of death, if the death be slow, the heat of the surface may sink to that of the surrounding medium, even before life has ceased.

6. The body, when dead, will sink steadily in temperature to the medium of its surrounding envelope in the air, to the air; in a stone tomb, to the tomb; but it will not afterwards rise in temperature by the application of any external warmth, short of such as would destroy its tex

ture.

7. After all forms of death, the age and corporeal condition of the person must be taken into account; youth and old age, great thinness of structure, deficiency of food, and states in which blood is diverted from its systemic course, quicken the decline of the animal heat.

8. In taking observations for medico-legal purposes, in any suspected case, the mere test of the hand is altogether unreliable; for as the terms heat and cold are relative only, and as between the hands of different observers the greatest natural difference may prevail, that which to one hand would signify warmth, to another would signify cold. If any observations in respect to temperature be made, therefore, it should be carried out with the thermometer; the points at which the temperature is taken being the flexures of joints, the mouth, or the nostril.

W. I. S. HORTON.

LICENSE TO EAT FLESH (3rd S. iii. 172.) — In the Churchwardens' Accounts of Allhallows Barking, occurs the following:

"Feb. 16, 1635. Recd of Sir Wm Russell, Knt. for a lycense to eat flesh during Lent, 13 4d."

This money appears to have been devoted to the poor. JUXTA TURRIM.

EXECUTION BY DROWNING (3rd S. iii. 187.) In 1697, Gordon, of Gordon's-town, in his Court at Drainy in Morayshire, sentenced a woman convicted of theft to be drowned in the Loch (Lake) of Spynie. This was stated in the first edition, published in 1798, of Mr. Baron Hume's Treatise on the Criminal Law of Scotland; and in the second edition, published in 1819, he mentions that in the intermediate period (viz. in 1811) the Loch had been drained, and a female skeleton (undoubtedly that of this poor woman) found in its bed, with a ring on one of the fingers.

G.

SAM. WESLEY, Sacheverell, aND ATTERBURY (3rd S. iii. 90, 175.) There may be some truth both in the statements of Lord Macaulay and John Wesley. Bishop Atterbury was a warm

patron and friend of the younger Sam. Wesley, and may very well have availed himself of the assistance of the elder in the preparation of the speech for Dr. Sacheverell.

JOB J. BARDWELL. WORKARD, M.A.

DAVID BROWNE (3rd S. iii. 189.)—David Browne was son to the gardener and cowman of Mr. Peter Wright, an attorney at Macclesfield; who took him as a boy, and placed him in his office, where he ultimately succeeded him. Mr. Wright was agent to the Earl of Derby, and Browne thereby had access to many papers of local interest. He had a taste for local antiquities and history. His papers passed into the hands of his son, who afterwards resided in or near Bath, and died a few years ago. Some of his papers were published in the Macclesfield Courier. What became of those he left behind him, I in vain endeavoured to dis

cover.

E. H.

Supporters of THE FRENCH ROYAL ARMS (3rd S. iii. 189.) Up to 1830, the supporters of the French Royal arms were the two angels in armorial dalmatics, holding banners charged with the

arms.

But since that date no supporters appear to have been used; and, indeed, the use of the Bourbon-Orléans arms (France with a label arg.), which were at first borne impaled with the following coat, viz.-Az. the tables of the constitution, or.—was discontinued, and the latter alone employed.

Under neither of the empires have supporters been used. JOHN WOODWARD.

REGIMENTAL MEDALS (3rd S. iii. 191.) — The medal alluded to was probably instituted in imitation of the "Order of Merit of the Fifth Regiment of Foot (Northumberland Fusiliers)," of which an account will be found at the end of Carlisle's Account of the several Foreign Orders of Knighthood, p. 536. J. WOODWARD.

RALEIGH V. PALEY (3rd S. iii. 149.)-Your correspondent H. S. G. is in error in supposing that the famous Sir Walter Raleigh bore for his arms: "Gu. on a bend vair, between six crosses, crosslet arg." By the way, is this blazon correct? I do not understand it. The arms recorded for the family of Raleigh, to which Sir Walter belonged, are: Gu. five fusils in bend arg. in chief, a label of three points, az. Prince (Worthies of Deron, P. 663,) says there were three great families of this name, giving distinct coats of arms. William Ralegh, Bishop of Winchester, ob. 1249, bore Checky or and gu., a chief vairy; which coat is descended from that house. now borne by the noble family of Chichester, as

having been seated in Cornwall; although, in one I am not aware of any family of the name of the windows in Helland Church in that county,

is an escutcheon of arms of about the fifteenth century charged with the arms as borne by Sir Walter Raleigh, impaling: Az. three lozenges, two and one, arg. Can any of your readers inform me to what family this latter coat belonged? JOHN MACLEAN.

Hammersmith.

PRINCES OF WALES, ETC. (3rd S. iii. 184.)-Upon what authority does CHEVRON make Charlotte, the daughter of George IV., Princess of Wales? Her Royal Highness was usually called "the Princess Charlotte of Wales;" but no female has ever been created Princess of Wales; nor could any female inherit that title under the limitations which have ever been observed in the descent or creation of the dignity of Prince of Wales, since the time of Edward I. YORK.

PARISH REGISTERS temp. THE COMMONWEALTH (3rd S. iii. 191.)-The entry mentioned by H. T. E. as being continued all through the Commonwealth, is very singular. It may have been occasioned by the circumstance, that the parishioners appointed the Rector, or his clerk, to be the registrar under Cromwell's Act of 1653: so that the

book never got into the hands of a lay registrar, as many of the books did at that period; much to the displeasure of the clergy, as the Wootton Vicar thus records:

"Levellers and phanaticks, by what was above writt,

but thro' shame blotted out, blush not at their own rushing into other men's offices,-a bold but witless Justice of ye Peace makes his neighbouring ministers cyphers, whilst he forceth ye King's subjects (quite against the graine) to elect, and he to confirm, a mere layman in the office of Parish Register- Proh pudor! fronti enim nulla fides.'"

JOHN S. BURN.

edition (that of 1720) of the Muscipula includes the translation of Holdsworth's poem by Samuel Cobb of Trinity, Cambridge. A HAMPSHIRE HOG.

CHARLES V. AND YUSTE (3rd S. iii. 62)- MR. CANON DALTON, in his interesting Note respecting Charles V. and Yuste, has the following words:

The Monastery of San Yuste, St. Just, or St. Justus, "The Monastery of Yuste is often erroneously called,

as if the place was named after a saint. This mistake is made even by some Spanish writers as well as French and English."

I should be very glad of further information on this subject. A few years since, having then occasion to turn my attention to this matter, I felt certain that Spanish writers had not made any mistake when they used the prefix of "Saint," and called the monastery "San Yuste" and "St. Justus."

MR. CANON DALTON says, "that Yuste is not a small stream being the same as that of a saint saint's name, but a small stream," &c. But the

was a fact not likely to be lost on the monks, and it appears that the idea thus suggested was adopted; and that the monastery was known by the saint's name, expressed in Spanish or Latin at different writers' pleasure. I still prefer this explanation to the idea of Spanish writers having

made a mistake.

There are two parishes called St. Just, with churches dedicated to that saint, in Cornwall. Will any contributors to "N. & Q." inform me of other churches with this dedication?

WICKHAM.

Or hammers verses, or do'st Bacon eat,-
Attend, while I thy great Forefathers trace:
Their wars, their kingdoms, and their Princely Race.
Assist, while I thy native Country sing,

And tune its Praises on no vulgar String."

N.B. The absence of Scotch County Histories, such as those of England by Dugdale and others, has been much felt; and it occurs to me, that the deficiency might to a great extent be supplied by a "Landed Gentry for Scotland," during the whole of the seventeenth century. Such a work would, no doubt, entail an immense amount of labour; but there are antiquaries in Edinburgh well able to perform the task.

SP.

MR. PEACOCK (3rd S. iii. 209.)--Watts's dismis

"Tuque, Holdsworthe! domi vetulæ seu rancida rodis Offa Suis; tumidi carmen servile magistri Seu jussu componis; ades dum prælia Avorum Ingeniumque cano, et patriæ præconia terræ." Was Mr. Richards (of Jesus College, Oxford,) the author of Hoglandia, father, or otherwise related, to the famous Dr. Richards of Hyde Abbey School-the Orbilius plagosus of his day? My

Mark Lane, dated Feb. 26, 1702, is signed by "Thomas Rowe, Pastor," and by Nathaniel Peacock and John Antrim; who were, no doubt, deacons. See Milner's Life and Times of Dr. Isaac Watts, p. 187. Dr. Sewal of Boston, and his father Judge Sewal, are mentioned in the same work, pp. 555, 558. In Watts's Hora Lyricæ is "An Elegiac Song," of small poetic merit, the sudden death of Mrs. Mary Peacock, sent in

་ on

ROD IN THE MIDDLE AGES (3rd S. ii. 212.)I would suggest that, instead of inquiring whether the subject of the picture, said to exist in some cathedral in Italy, of the Virgin Mary whipping the child Jesus rest on any legendary authority, it would be well to ask whether the picture exists at all, and if so, where? These assumed facts are often mistakes, if not altogether fictitious. GEORGE BOUET.

ETYMOLOGICAL NOTE: "JUMP" (3rd S. iii. 190.) In the sense of bare sufficiency, approaching to deficiency, attributed to "jump" by your correspondent MR. BENJ. EASY, the Scots have jimp (adj.), and jimply (adv.), probably the same word. "Great wits jump." What is the exact meaning? and is it a quotation, or a mere proverbial expression ? C. B.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Chronica Monasterii S. Albani: Thoma Walsingham quondam Monachi S. Albani Historia Anglicana. Edited by H. T. Riley, M.A., &c. Vol. I. A.D. 1272-1381. (Longman.)

This is, as our readers will perceive, a new and important addition to the series of Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages, now in course of publication under the direction of the Master of the Rolls. The value of Walsingham's English History has been so long and so generally recognised, that it is superfluous to waste one word upon that point; while the fact, that both the editions-viz. that published under the auspices, if not the immediate supervision of Archbishop Parker in 1574, and that afterwards edited by Camden in 1603, are alike difficult to be procured, and when obtained, are inaccurate and imperfect is sufficient to justify the issuing of a new and carefully-edited version in the present series. The task has been entrusted to Mr. Riley, the editor of the Liber Albus; and a perusal of Mr. Riley's introduction, in which he explains the sources from which the former editions were taken- the plan on which the present text, which is essentially that of the Arundel MS. in the College of Arms, formerly the property of Belted Will Howard, is formed -the sources from which Walsingham and the St. Alban's Chronicle derived the history contained in them-and the relation which Walsingham's history bears to the Historia Ricardi II. published by Hearne will satisfy the reader that, in entrusting this work to Mr. Riley, the Master of the Rolls has exercised a sound discretion.

Journals and Correspondence of Thomas Sedgewick Whalley, D.D., of Mendip Lodge, Somerset. Edited with a Memoir and Illustrative Notes, by the Rev. Hill Wickham, M.A. 2 Vols. (Bentley.)

The author of the Diaries here printed, and the recipient of the many letters contained in these two handsomely-printed volumes, was a descendant of an old English family, who, having been educated for the church,

was presented by the then Bishop of Ely to the Rectory of Hagworthingham, in Lincolnshire, with this singular proviso, that he was not to reside on it, as the air of the fens was fatal to any but a native; and it is but justice to Dr. Whalley to add that he seems very faithfully to have fulfilled his part of the agreement. The Dr. was an accomplished scholar, and Hannah More describes him as something better. "She had," she said, "known many persons who appeared to live near heaven, but only Mr. Whalley who seemed to live in heaven." Wilberforce's description of him is not so flattering. He describes him "as the picture of a sensible well-informed and educated, polished, old, well-beneficed, nobleman and gentleman's house-frequenting, literary and chess-playing Divine, of the best sort (not adulatory), -I hope beginning to be serious." Such as the man was, such is the book before us, which, containing numerous letters from Miss Seward, Mrs. Siddons, and Hannah More, gives us very amusing pictures of the state of society as it then existed, intermingled with literary, theatrical, and political smalltalk.

Glimpses into Petland. By the Rev. J. G. Wood. (Bell & Daldy.)

A very slight reflection suffices to show that the author of the Illustrated Natural History must, in addition to his scientific knowledge and tact for putting that knowledge forth in a popular form, possess a thorough love of his subject, and be a petter of all kinds of pets. In giving the history of some of these, Mr. Wood has produced a book, which is, as he says, "written with a motive, and conveys a moral;" and all who share the opinion which Cobbett's strong sense urged him so frequently to insist upon that by teaching children to be fond of animals, tures, will gladly place this little volume in the hands of we insensibly teach them to be kind to their fellow-crearead with interest. their own little people, by whom we are sure it will be

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Notices to Correspondents.

Barnaby Googe by Mr. Pinkerton, and Nonjuring Ordinations by Mr. Macrae, with many other Papers of interest, in our next.

A. I. The work of Mendoza is not rare. Brunet prices it at from 20 to 30 francs.

A. J. DUNKIN. The Conjuror; or, the Turkey and the Ring, a Comic Tale, was published by Dutton in 1810, 16mo. It is not in the British Museum or Bodleian.

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The office of provost marshal was certainly a very uncongenial one to a person of a refined or poetical mind. Riche, Googe's friend, comrade, and namesake, thus describes its duties, in his Pathway to Military Practise:

"The Provost is to have the charge of the Marshalsea; he must be provided of fetters, gives, handlockes, and all manner of irons for the safe keepinge of such prisoners as shall be comitted to his keepinge. He is to see due execution of all malefactors having received sentence of death, and to apprehend the authours of any disorders. He must rate the prices of such victuall as shall come into the Campe. He is to see the Campe cleanly kept. The watch being set, he must not suffer any noyse or great stirre."

Googe, writing to Burghley on September 16, of the same year, informs him of a report of a Spanish invasion, and mentions the sad state of the country, even the people of the Pale being void of reason and religion. His next letter to Burghley is dated December 2, 1582, and is as follows:

" My deuty in moast humble sort to your goodd Lordshypp consydered, itt may please the saame to understand thatt my offyce hear, bye reason off the careffull governement off Syr Nycholas, ffalleth nott out to bee so beneficyall as I seeked ffor, so as I thynk itt wyll bee a very small thyng moare than the bare ffee. The Governer determyneth to have mee lye att the Castell of Athenrie, where as yett theyr is neyther coveryng nor floar. Iff itt maye bee floored and covred the plaace wylbee off suffycent strength. I hadd at thys present prepared myselfe to have travayled thorrowt all Connaught and Thomond, to the end I myght better have been hable to have advertysed your Lordshypp of the staate off the contrey. Butt itt pleased God to restrayne mee by a myschance receaved upon my Legg, wheroff I have beene in some Danger. The earl and hys brother Jhon Burk are [nott wythout great paynes takinge off the Governour] thorowly agreed, and I beleve wyll bothe off them prove verey good subiects. The Mayre of Gowlwey and hys brethern are in great hatred on wyth the other, and, iff the Governor hadd nott prevented them, woold long ear thys have gone togyther bye the eares. God long preserve your Lordshypp. In haast and payn ffrom the Towne off Aloan the ij off december, "Your Lordshypps most faythfull and humble Servant

"BARNABE GOCHE."

The earl Googe mentions was Ulick Burke, Earl of Clanrickard. Though of the conquering race, the lineal descendants of the Norman De Burgos, the Burkes had become Hibernicis ipsis Hibernior, and adopted that curse of Irish chieftains, from the family wars it occasioned, the Tanistic mode of succession. Richard, second

Googe notices, died in the August previous, and Malbie's wisdom was called into play to settle the succession peaceably between them without their having recourse to the usual method by bloodshed. And, as arranged by Malbie, Ulick took the title, and John the barony of Leitrim; the rest of the lands being equally divided between them. Though at Malbie's suggestion they publicly proclaimed themselves friends, they still remained enemies, and Ulicke murdered John in the following year. On March 11, 1583, Googe again writes to Burghley thus:

Lordshypp moast humbly consydered, itt may please the "My especyall goodd Lorde, my deuty to your goodd same to be advertysed, thatt I have hytherto by reason of the hurt off my legg whyche nowe, I thanke Chryste, I have almoast thorowly recovered, I remayne altogether in Athloane. wherebye I am nott able, bye cause off the ffaylynge off my purposed jornay, so certeynlye to certeffye your Lordshypp off the gentlemen off the contrey as my desyr was to have done. Neyther am I able to doo in that poynt as I wolde, bycause her Majestye hath nott alowde mee any one man in paye, whych hath nott heretofore been seene, by whych I am off necessyty driven to reteyn the people off the contrey, who are comonly more naturally gyven to spoyle and extorchen than the Englyshman is. Neyther can I, syns they serve wythowt paye, use what meanes soever I can, restryne them off theyr evyll demeanure; besyds servyng altogyther wyth such kynd off companyons, I am allwayes in danger to have my throat cutt amongst them. Wherffor iff itt may be, I beseech your Lordshypp thatt I may have alowed me iff butt a dosen horse in paye. So shall I both be able to doo her Maiesty better servysse, and the contrey shall have no cawse to complayne off mee.

"The Earl of Clanrykard doth hytherto keepe hym selfe in goodd order, and Jhon Burghe in my oppynyon wyll ffor hys parte prove verrey well. Butt for the gether as dydd Eteocles and Polynces in Thebes. brotherlye affectyon betweene them, they remayne allto

of

"I cann nott see butt the contrey wylle contynew in goodd order durynge the tyme of thys Governor, whome nott aloanly they, butt ower myghty monarche * Ulster, do contynually ffear, knowynge that hys comon dallyons wyth them is Veni, Vidi, Vici. And yett iff my Lord off Ormond beatt earnestlie the bushes of Monster, itt is nott unlyke butt ower berryes wyll be moare pesterd wyth vermyn than they have ever been beeffore.

"Ffor my owen parte, I can verry well away wyth the dyscomodyous off the contrey, saving onley the deddly fflux beynge the dayly destruxyon off ower contreymen, Albeyt I have herd itt reported to your Lordshypp bre neyther spareth shee any whytt herr owen inhabytants. some off great countenans, thatt itt is onlye an accydent to campes, whych is untrew; beyng so extreme as no physyck hear wyll helpe itt. I was never moar affrayd off my skoolmaster than I am off itt, and yett I trust in God to eskaap itt.

who, suspectynge thatt I wanted money, sent mee se"The Governor contyneweth hys good usage off mee, cretlye by hys man ten pownd; whych consydering hys fformer bountye, I woolde not reseave.

* An ironical allusion to Turlough Lynagh. † Dysentery.