n.:

V.:

adj.:

adv.:
pron.
i., etc.

H.

hair, hair-brush, hair-pin, half, hall, hammer, hand, handkerchief,
handle, hang-nail, hash, haste (with "make"), hat, hay, head, heap,
heart, hearth, heaven, heel, hen, hiccough, hill, hoe, hole, hollow,
home, hood, hook, hoop, hooping-cough, horn, horse, house.
hand, hang (hung), hatch, hate, haul, have (has, had), hear (heard),
help, hiccough, hide (hid), hit, hold, hollo, hop, howl, hug, hunt
(look for), hurry, hurt, hush.

happy, hard, heavy, high, horrid, hot.

n.: V.:

is, itch.

n.:

V.:

n.:

V.:

adj.: adv.:

n.:

V.:

adj.: adv.:

pron. :

kettle, key, kid, kiss, kitchen, kite, kitten, knee, knife, knob, knot.

keep (kept), kick, kill, kindle, kiss, kneel, knit, know.

L.

lace, ladder, lady, lamb, lamp, lap, larkspur, leaf, leg, leggin, lemon, lesson, letter (2), light, lilac, line (on paper), lion, lip, little, load, lock, log, lump, lunch.

laugh, lay (laid), leave (left), lend, let, lick, lie (lay), lift, like,
listen, live, lock, look, lose (lost), love.

lame, last, left, light, like, little, long, loose, loud, low.
like.

M.

ma'am (madam), mama, man, mane, mantel-piece, marble, mark, market, match, matter, meat, medicine, middle, minute, Miss, mitten, money, monkey, moon, more, morning, mother, mountain, mouse (mice), mouth, much, mud, mug, mule, music, mustache, mutton.

make (made), march, marks, mash, may (might), mean, meet (met), mend, mind, move, must.

mad, many, mean, more, muddy.

mighty (= very), more, much.

me, my, mine, myself.

n.:

N.

nail (2), name, neck, needle, negro, nest, Nestlé (prepared food), net, netting, nickel (coin), night, night-gown, nobody, noise, nose, nothing.

n.:

V.:

off, on, out, over.

our, ours.

of, off, on, over.

or.

oh.

P.

pail, paint, palm (of the hand), pan, pansy, pants, papa, paper, parlor, parrot, party (at play), path, patch, patience, pea, peach, pebble, pen, pencil, people, pepper, pet, petticoat, picture, piece, pig, pile, pillow, pin, pin-cushion, pipe, pistol, place, plait, plate, plum, pocket, point, poker, pony, porch, pot, potato, powder, prune, puff, pull, pulse (of the arteries), pump, pup, puppy, puss, pussy.

paddle, paint, pat, pay, peck, peel, peep, pet, pick, pinch, pink, play, please, point, pop, pour, pout, preach, pump, push, put. pink, poor, precious, pretty.

adj.: adv.:

presently.

n.:

V.:

adj. :

adv.: prep.:

n.:

rabbit, rag, rail, railroad, rain, rainbow, rat, reading (print), rest (the), rhubarb, ribbon, rice, ring, road, robin, rock, room, rooster, rope, rose, row, rug.

raise, rattle, read (read), reckon, rest, ride (rode), ring (rung), rip, rise (rose), rock, roll, rub, rumple, run (ran).

ready, red, right (2), ripe, round.

right, 'round.

'round.

S.

sack, saddle, salt, sand, sash, saucer, school, scissors, seam, seat, seed, see-saw, shade, shadow, shawl, sheep, sheet, shelf, shirt, shoe, shoulder, shovel, side, sir, sister, skin, skirt, sky, slate, sleeve, sleigh, slipper, smoke, snake, snout, snow, soap, sock, sofa, soldier, somebody, somerset, something, son, song, soot, sore, soup, spark, spider, spit, splinter, sponge, spool, spoon, spot, spring, squirrel, stable, stairs, star, steam, steam-car, stick, stink, stocking, stool, stopper, store, story, stove, strap, street,

V.:

adj.:

adv.: pron.

n.:

V.:

adj.:

string, student, study, suds, sugar, sun, sunlight, sunshine, supper, switch.

say (said), scare, scold, scrape, scratch, scream, see (saw, seen), see-saw, send (sent), set, sew, shake, shall, shave, shine, shoot, show, shut, sing (sung), sit (sat), skip (leap), slap, sleep, slide, smell, smile, snap (the finger), sneeze, snow, soil, speak, spill, spit, splash, spoil, squat, squeal, squeeze, stand, stare, stay, step, sting (stung), stir, stoop, stop, strike (struck), suck, swallow, sweep (swept), swim, swing (swung).

sharp, short, sick, sleepy, smart, small, smooth, soft, some, sore, still, straight, sweet.

slow (ly), so (2).

she.

T.

table, tack, tea, tear, thing, thread, throat, thumb, thunder, tie, time, toddy, toe, tongs, tongue, tooth (teeth), toothache, top, town, toy, train (R. R.), trap, trash, tree, trouble, trough, trunk, tuck, turtle.

take (took), talk, tear (tore, torn), tell (told), think (thought), throw (threw), thunder, tie, touch, travel, treat, trot, try, tumble, turn.

the, thirsty, tight, tired, two.

that, their, theirs, them, these, they, this, those.
through, to.

adv.:

then, there, to-day, together, to-morrow, to-night, too.

pron.

prep.

C.:

n.:

V.:

adj.:

adv.:

pron. :

till.

U.

uncle, university (grounds and buildings).
unbutton, undress, untie.

ugly.

up.

us.

wagon, waist, waiter, wall, wardrobe, watch, water, way, well, wheel, whip, whiskey, whistle, wind, window, wing, woman, wood, woodpecker, woods, word, work, world (in the), worm, writing.

waggle, wait, wake, walk, wallow, want, was, wash, watch, wear
(wore), went, whine, whip, whisper, whistle, will (would), wind
(wound), wink, wish, work, wrap, write.

warm, wee, wet, white, whole, wide, wrong.
well, when, where, while, why.

we, what, which (2), who (2), whose (interr.).
with, without.

In this table irregular verbal and nominal forms are not
counted as separate words, except in case of defective verbs,
as am, was, been; but the different pronominal forms are
counted, and pronominal adjectives are treated as pronouns.

It will be observed that s begins the largest number, and c
the next largest save B; and yet the child cannot utter any
initial sound (8, sh, ch, k) represented by s or by c.

II. The Hebrew Verb-termination un.

BY CRAWFORD H. TOY,

PROFESSOR OF HEBREW IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

Grammars have been, til within a recent period, littl more than collections of the fenomena of languages at some particular point in their development, the point chosen being usually that of the greatest literary finish, the classic period; forms and uses not occurring in this period are either ignored or dismist with the vague statement that they are archaic. Now, however, a ful grammatical treatment is considered to include a history of every form, from its genesis, thru its changes and its varieties of use, up to its extinction or the latest discoverabl shape that it assumes. The combination of these several histories gives us a picture of the formal movement of the language-the formal part of its inward life-and thus furnishes important data for the critical treatment of literary documents. As a contribution to this department of Hebrew grammar, it is proposed here to examine the history of the verbal personal termination in n.

Before, however, we can consult the old Hebrew literary documents in order to trace the history of this form, there is a preliminary question that must be anserd, namely, whether we now possess the literature in the shape in which it left the hands of the authors, that is, whether it faithfully exhibits the usage of various times, or has been so workt over at some period or periods that certain original differences hav been wiped out, and it now shows only the usage of the copyists or editors thru whose hands it past. Unfortunately the data for determining this question ar few, but there is stil something that may aid us in forming an opinion. In the first place, it is improbabl that any important changes were made in the Old Testament text after the Canon was substantially made up, say about a century after the begining of our era (there were canonical differences of opinion and discussions after this, but they related to one or two books only). The