he had darkened and misrepresented, by his chimerical doctrines.

oftentimes at divers neighbouring meetings, and sometimes had good service therein.

In this year, 1713, I went from Philadel- About this time I had an inclination to alter phia, in the Hope galley, John Richmond, my condition to a married state; and Martha, master, to South Carolina. We were about the widow of Joseph Brown, appearing to be a month at sea; and when it pleased God a suitable person for me, on the 15th of the that we arrived at Charleston, in South Caro- second month, 1714, we were joined together lina, we had a meeting there, and divers others in marriage, with the unity of Friends in afterwards. There are but few Friends in general. We had a large meeting at our this province, yet I had several meetings in marriage, the solemnization thereof being atthe country. The people were generally lov-tended with the grace and goodness of God; ing, and received me kindly. What I had to and for example sake, we made but little prodeclare to them, I always desired to speak to vision for our guests: for great entertainments the witness of God in the soul, and according at marriages and funerals began to be a growto the pure doctrine of truth in the holy Scrip- ing thing among us, which was attended with tures; and there was openness in the people divers inconveniences. in several places. I was several times to visit My wife was a sober and religious young the governor, who was courteous and civil to woman, and of a quiet natural temper and me. He said I "deserved encouragement," disposition; which is an excellent ornament and spoke to several to be generous, and con- to the fair sex; and indeed it is so to both tribute to my assistance. He meant an out- male and female; for, according to the holy ward maintenance; for he would have me Scriptures, "A meek and quiet spirit is with encouraged to stay among them. But I told the Lord of great price." him, that though it might be a practice with them to maintain their ministers, and pay them money for preaching, it was contrary to our principles to be paid for preaching, agreeably to the command of our great master, Christ Jesus, who said to his ministers, "Freely ye have received, freely give:" so that we are limited by his words, whatever others are: and those who take a liberty contrary to his doctrine and command, I think must be antichrists, according to holy Scripture. The longer I staid there, the larger our meetings were; and when I found myself free and clear of those parts, I took my passage for Virginia in a sloop, Henry Tucker, master. I had a comfortable and quick passage to James' river, it being about two hundred leagues. The master of the vessel told me, "That he believed he was blessed for my sake." I wished him to live so as that he might be blessed for Christ's sake. Some reformation was begun on him in our voyage; which was the goodness of God, through Christ, to him, and not to be attributed to me, any further than an instrument in the divine hand; for of ourselves we cannot do any thing that is good, it being by grace, through faith, that we are saved, which is God's gift to the soul.

I was at divers yearly meetings in 1715, viz., at Choptank, in Maryland; at Shrewsbury and Salem, in New-Jersey; all which meetings were very large and comfortable; many things being opened therein, tending to convincing and establishing the people in the truth and doctrine of Christ. I was likewise at divers other meetings in those provinces, which were large and satisfactory.

At Salem yearly meeting I was sent for to the prison, where there was a young woman who was to be tried for her life. She desired that I would pray for her, and charged me to warn the young people to be careful not to keep bad company; "for," said she, " it has been my ruin, and brought me to this shame and reproach." She had been tenderly brought up and educated. I knew her when she wore a necklace of gold chains, though now she wore iron ones. Upon which subject I had afterwards a large opportunity to speak to the people in a very moving manner; which seemed very much to affect the youth and others in the meeting, which consisted of many hundreds of people. I saw this young woman afterwards, the jury acquitting her; and I told her that her life was given her for a prey; and reminded her, how it was with her when she was in prison in chains; and I advised her to walk more circumspectly for the future; which she said she hoped she should do.

After I had been some time in Virginia, I got a passage up the bay of Chesapeak, and had several meetings in Maryland, Friends In the year 1716, I had some concerns being glad to see me; and we were comforted which drew me to the island of Bermuda, in Christ our Lord. I made some little stay where I went twice that summer. My family at a place I had in that province, called Long- increasing, I traded a little to sea for their bridge, and then returned to Philadelphia, support and maintenance: and I can truly where I lodged at the house of my very kind say, I carried on my affairs and business in friends Richard and Hannah Hill, and was the fear of God, having an eye or regard

which I was an eye-witness: though it is to
be observed, that those rocks in the Summer
islands, are not so hard as in some other parts
of the world, particularly to the northward;
for here they saw them with saws, and cut
them with axes like wood. I was told there
were sixty sail of vessels then at these islands,
and all were driven on shore but three, and
ours was one of the three that rode out the
storm; for which I was truly thankful. In
this great storm, or hurricane, several sloops
were driven upon dry land, so that after the
storm was over, one might go round them at
high water, and several were blown off the
dry land into the water. One that was ready
to be launched, though fastened on the stocks
with two cables and anchors put deep in the
ground, yet the violence of the wind blew her
into the water, and dashed her to pieces.

therein, more to his glory, than to my own
interest. We had a rough passage to this
island in the first voyage, and were forced by
distress of weather, to cast some of our goods
into the sea; and the storm being very violent,
some of the seamen thought we should be
devoured by the waves. As for me, they had
shut me up in the cabin alone, all in darkness,
and the water came in so that they were forced
to take it out in buckets. When the storm
was a little over, the master came to me, and
asked "How I did all alone in the dark?" I
told him pretty well; and said to him I was
very willing to die, if it so pleased God; and
indeed I expected no other at that time. After
this great storm was over we arrived at Ber-
muda in a few days; going into the harbour,
the bottom of the vessel struck the rocks, but
we got well in; for which I was thankful to
the Almighty. I staid on the island about a About this time the Bermuda people had
month, and had several meetings; to some got a vast treasure of silver and gold, out of
of which, many came who were not called the Spanish wrecks; and at a meeting which
Friends. They were all sober, and some well I had on the first-day of the week before the
satisfied; and the people of the island gene- hurricane, or storm of wind, it came weightily
rally received me lovingly, and were very on my mind to exhort them not to be lifted up
kind to me.
Our ancients, who bore the bur- therewith, nor exalted with pride: for I de-
den and heat of the day, met with very dif-clared to them, that the same hand who took
ferent treatment. I tenderly desire that we it from the Spaniards, could take it from those
who come after them, may be truly humble who had now got it out of the sea; and if he
and thankful to the Almighty for all his pleased, by the same way; which was a storm
mercies.
that cast away the ships going from Spain.
And indeed so it happened the same week;
for it was reckoned by men of experience and
judgment, that they lost more by the storm,
than they had gained by the wrecks of the
Spaniards. A sober old man, not of our pro-
fession, told me the next day after the hurri-
cane was over, that what I spoke in the meet-
ing was soon come to pass: and he added, I
was a true prophet to them. Many houses
that were not blown down were uncovered.
My landlord's house being old, several thought
it would be down; but by the good providence
of God, it was one of those which stood. I
was in my store, which stood also, though I
expected every minute when it would have
been blown down. It was by the mercy of
God we were preserved, and not for any merit
of ours. I entreated the Lord in the midst of
this great wind, that he would please to spare
the lives of the people; for many of them
After some little stay at home, I went a being seafaring men, were very unfit to die;
second time that summer to Bermuda, and at which time I thought I was sensible of the
then also I had some meetings, and did some answer of my prayer, and he was pleased to
business on the island. It was my constant be entreated for them: for, notwithstanding
care, that my worldly affairs should not hin- the violence of the storm, and the great de-
der me in my religious concern for the good struction it made, yet not one man, woman,
of souls. It happened at this time there was child, or creature was lost, that I heard of, in
a mighty hurricane of wind, that blew many all the island, which was to me very admira-
houses to the ground, and very many trees ble. The Friend of the house came to me
up by the roots, and rent rocks asunder, of after the storm abated, and said, "The Lord

66

By reason of my outward affairs, I had opportunities with some persons of great note and business on this island; and sometimes opened the principles of Friends to their satisfaction; some of them told me, They never understood so much concerning our Friends before; and if what I said was true, they had been misinformed." Divers such opportunities I had with several on this island, there being but very few of our Society.

These are called the Summer Islands, or Bermudas, there being many little islands in the midst of the main island, in form like a horse-shoe they are about two hundred leagues distance from the capes of Delaware. It is rare to see hail, snow, or ice there.

After I had done my business, and had been for some time on the island, I had a ready and comfortable passage home, where I was joyfully received.

had heard my prayers for them." Although bless you, I will not eat any of you." Anthey could not by any outward knowledge, know that I had prayed for them, yet they had a sense given them, that I was concerned for them before the Almighty; which indeed was true. Oh! that we may never forget the merciful visitations of the high and lofty One, who inhabits eternity!

other said, "He would die before he would eat any of me;" and so said several. I can truly say, that at that time my life was not dear to me, and that I was serious and ingenuous in my proposition: and as I was leaning over the side of the vessel, thoughtfully considering my proposal to the company, and While I was on the island I was invited to, looking in my mind to him who made me, a and kindly entertained at the houses of several very large dolphin came up towards the surof the gentry, and at the governor's, who in- face of the water, and looked me in the face. vited me several times to his house. Once II called the people to put a hook into the sea was with him, and some of his chief officers and take him, for here is one come to redeem at dinner, with divers of the first rank, where me, said I to them; and they put out a hook, I was treated very kindly; and after dinner and the fish readily took it, and they caught the governor's practice was to drink the king's him. I think he was about six feet long, and health, and he hoped I would drink it with the largest that ever I saw. This plainly them. " "Yes," said the rest at the table, "Mr. showed us that we ought not to distrust the Chalkley, (as they called me,) will surely providence of the Almighty. The people were drink the king's health with us." So they quieted by this act of providence, and murpassed the glass, with the king's health, till it mured no more. We caught enough to eat came to me; when they all looked steadfastly plentifully of till we got into the capes of to see what I would do; and I looked as Delaware. Thus I saw it was good to desteadfastly to the Almighty, and said to them, pend upon the Almighty, and rely upon his I love king George, and wish him as well as eternal arm; which, in a particular manner, any subject he hath; and it is known to thou- did preserve us safe to our desired port, blessed sands that we pray for him in our meetings for be his great and glorious name, through Christ, the worship of Almighty God; but as to drink- for ever! ing healths, either the king's, or any man's else, it is against my professed principle, I looking on it to be a vain, idle custom. They replied, "That they wished the king had more such subjects as I was; for I had professed a hearty respect for him:" and the governor and they all were very kind and friendly to me all the time I was on the island.

After I had finished my concerns, I embarked in the sloop Dove, for Philadelphia, she being consigned to me in this and the former voyage. It being often calm and small winds, our provisions grew very scanty. We were about twelve persons in the vessel, great and small, and but one piece of beef left in the barrel; and for several days, the wind being contrary, the people began to murmur, and told dismal stories about people eating one another for want of provisions. The wind being still against us, and for aught we could see, likely to continue so, they murmured more and more, and at last, against me in particular, because the vessel and cargo was consigned to me, and was under my care, so that my inward exercise about it was great. Neither myself, nor any in the vessel, imagined that we should be half so long as we were on the voyage; but since it was so, I seriously considered the matter; and to stop their murmuring, I told them they should not need to cast lots, which was usual in such cases, which of us should die first, for I would freely offer up my life to do them good. One said, "God

I now staid at and about home for some time; after which I was concerned to visit Friends in several places, and in the adjacent provinces, as Maryland, New-Jersey, &c., and was at many marriages and funerals, at which, many times we had good opportunities to open the way, and also the necessity, to be married to Christ Jesus, the great bridegroom of the soul; and also to exhort the people to consider and prepare for their latter end and final change; which many times was sanctified to divers souls, and the Lord's name was glorified, who is worthy thereof.

The

In the year 1717, I went into Maryland to look after my affairs in that province; and as I travelled, I had divers meetings at Nottingham, and at Bush-river, about which time, at Bush-river, several were convinced. meeting I found in a growing condition in that which is good, several persons meeting together in silence to worship God, according to Christ's institution, which was, and is, and ever will be, in spirit and in truth. For the encouragement of all such, Christ hath said, that the Father seeketh such to worship him; and again, "Where two or three are met together in my name, there am I in the midst of them." And if Christ be in the midst, there is no absolute need of vocal teaching, except it be the will of the Lord to call any to it. Let the spiritual Christian read and judge.

After my return I had several meetings in the country, near Philadelphia; and about the

latter end of the eighth month I was at several marriages, one of which was on the third-day of the week, about fifteen miles above Philadelphia, over Delaware river; the next was over the river again, about twenty miles below the city; and the third was about twenty miles further down the river, and on the opposite side at Salem, on the following days; so that I crossed the Delaware river three times in three days, and rode about one hundred miles. The meetings were all large, and matter suitable to the occasion freely opened to the people. These remarks are not intended to set up man, or exalt flesh, but to stir up others to come up to the work of Christ in their generation. All the glory and goodliness of man is but as the grass, which soon withers, without we dwell in the root of true religion, and in the holy life of Christ. That God may have the glory of all his works, is the end of all the labours and travels of the servants and faithful ministers of Christ.

waited also for the wind. We lay there two nights, and on a first-day morning set sail, the weather being very cold, and the ice thick on the sides of our vessel, and on our ropes. The day that we left Bombay-hook we got out to sea, took in our boat and went on our way; and in four or five days we got into warmer weather.

In this voyage I wrote something on the common prayer, used by some of the church of England whose conversations were very loose and corrupt, which I entitled, "A truly tender scruple of conscience, about that form of prayer, called the common prayer, used by the church of England and her members," &c.

In this voyage we saw several ships, but spoke with none; and in twenty-seven days from our capes we arrived at Barbadoes, and came to anchor in Carlisle bay.

I had been twice in Barbadoes before, but this was the quickest passage by one day. Here I was lovingly and tenderly received by my friends. I took my good friend Joseph Gamble's house for my quarters, most of the time whilst I staid on the island, and visited Friends' meetings several times over, there being five of Friends' meeting houses in the island, and our meetings were sometimes large and open.

In the tenth month, 1717, divers considerations moving me thereto, I took a voyage to Barbadoes, in the Snow Hope, J. Curtis, master, and from thence to Great Britain and London; partly on account of business, and hoping once more, if it pleased God, to see my aged father, my brother, relations and friends; which voyage I undertook in the solid fear of God. I desired the concurrence Our stay was longer than we at first exof my wife, and my friends and brethren of pected, by reason of a great drought, they the meeting to which I did belong, in this having no rain for more than a quarter of a undertaking, the which I had in a general year, which was a great hindrance to trade way, and the good wishes and prayers of on the island. While I was here, our ancient many particulars, with a certificate from our Friend, George Gray, died. I was at his monthly meeting, signifying their unity with funeral, at which there were many people; my conversation and ministry, and present and on this occasion we had a large meeting undertaking. I felt the love and goodness of at our meeting house at Speights-town, where God therein, but in many respects it was a I had a seasonable opportunity with the peogreat cross to me, especially leaving my be- ple, opening to them the necessity of thinking loved wife and children, and many of my of, and preparing for, their latter end; and dear friends, whom I loved well in Christ; pressed them earnestly thereto. They were and crossing the seas was always trouble- generally attentive and sober, and some were some to me, being sickly, especially in windy broken into tenderness. While we were buryor stormy weather. The confinement was ing the Friend, there appeared a dismal cloud worse to me for the time than a prison; for hanging over the island, such an one as I it would be much easier to me to be in prison never saw before. I thought it was of the on land, upon a good account, than in prison colour of the flame of brimstone; and exat sea, I always looking on a ship to be a pected there would have been a great storm, perilous prison, though it was my lot to be or gust, and much rain, they having had very much therein. As for my natural life, I always little for many weeks, or some months; but gave it up whenever I went to sea; and I it went over, and there was no rain or wind thought that was the least part of the hard- as I remember. Soon after, some people ship, never putting much value thereon. But came in from sea, and said it rained ashes to sea I went, for the reasons mentioned, and from that cloud; and they brought some to got from Philadelphia to Newcastle the first the island, some of which ashes I now have night in said vessel, and to Elsingburgh next before me: the taste of them seems to me to day, where we lay for a fair wind about two be a little sulphurous, and they have some days, then sailed to Bombay-hook, where we glittering particles in them; in colour and met with two other vessels bound to sea, who smell I think they differed little from common VOL. VI.-No. 1.

5

ashes. Herein the Almighty and Infinite Being signally showed his mercy and favour to poor mortals; for had not his mercy prevented, he could as easily have rained down the fire as the ashes. He rained fire and brimstone on the cities and inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah, for their pride and idleness, much of which abounds among the inhabitants of Barbadoes, the people being very luxurious. Oh! may the inhabitants of that isle, and all others, consider their ways and doings, and not provoke the great Lord, the Sovereign of heaven and earth, as many of them do by their evil lives and voluptuous conversations. May they kiss the Son, though not with a Judas kiss of profession, or speaking well or fairly of him only, but with divine love manifested through obedience, while his wrath is but a little kindled against them, and before it break out into a flame.

may be seen in calm weather, when the sea is low. When the wind blows, a great body of water being pent in a large hollow place, it forces it up into the air, sometimes ten, fifteen, or twenty yards high, according as the strength of the wind is, and makes a report like a cannon, or thunder, a great way off. I believe I have seen it ten or twelve miles out at sea. I was also at a place called Oliver's cave, which we got to with some difficulty, in going down the steep and craggy rocks. There is on the outward part next the sea, a very large vaulted place, in the form of a half circle, about one hundred feet high, as near as I could guess. In this large vault, behind a rock, is the mouth of the cave, not the height of a man at the first entrance; after going in a few yards, one may walk upright comfortably, the bottom being pretty plain and smooth for about a hundred yards, and then we come into a large cave which is formed archwise, and about ten or fif teen yards high, as we thought, being much

almost as regular as if it had been done by art, which we beheld with admiration, by the help of wax candles and other lights, that we made and carried for that purpose.

After this funeral I was sent for to Bridgetown, to the burial of a master of a ship, a young man, who was very fresh and well a few days before. There was a great appear-higher in the middle than at the sides, but ance of people, and I was pretty largely opened in the meeting, on the words of the prophet, where he says, "All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field. The grass withereth, the flower fadeth, because the spirit of the Lord bloweth upon it: surely the people are grass. The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; but the word of our God shall stand forever." I treated of this Word, its wonderfulness, its duration, and its work in man; also of the fading constitution of mortal man, though young and strong, as that young man was a few days before, whose corpse was then before us.

I was at several other burials on this island, which proves a grave to many new-comers, it being a hot climate, and those who are not accustomed to it being very thirsty, and it is not easy to quench their thirst; so that what is called moderate drinking, throws many strangers into a violent fever, and oftentimes is the cause of their death. I note this as a caution to those who may transport themselves there, that they may shun that danger; which might be avoided by drinking cool drinks, of which they have many sorts very pleasant, viz., cane, sugar-reed, and white sorrel, pine, orange, and divers others. I advise such, as they love their health, to refrain from drinking much hot drink or spirits.

I saw several natural curiosities on this island, which among the great numbers of the works of God, do show forth his praise and glory. One to the leeward part of this island, which is called the spout, sends up a vast body of water into the air, occasioned by a great cavity in the rocks under the water, which

When I had done my business in Barbadoes, having been there about thirteen weeks and loaded our vessel, we sailed the 10th of the second month, 1718, for London.

We had a good passage, being five weeks and two days from Barbadoes to Great Britain, in which we saw several vessels at sea, but spoke with none. After sight of the land, we got in two days to Beachy-head, which is about fifteen leagues from the Downs or Deal. We sailed along the shore by Folkstone, where we took in a pilot, and had a comfortable passage through the Downs, and up the river Thames to London, where I met with my dear and aged father, and loving brother, sister and cousins, and many others of my near and dear relations and friends.

In this voyage I wrote some things which opened in my mind at sea, upon that excellent sermon of Christ's upon the mount, as it is recorded in the holy Scriptures of the New Testament, in the fifth, sixth and seventh chapters of the evangelist Matthew, but have since heard that the same is better done by an abler hand; and therefore it may suffice here to repeat the advice, which in the course of my travels I have often had occasion to give, viz., that the professors of Christianity should frequently read this sermon, and be careful to practice the same; that they may not only be Christians in name, but in deed, and in truth.

After visiting my relations and some meet