first observer of the stars: and his descendents the Chaldeans were famous in their day. Some attribute the invention of it to Ham, styled "Ionichus. Ilic Ionichus accepit á Domino donum sapientiæ, et invenit astronomiam. Hic Gigantem Nimrod decem cubitorum proceritate, et nepotem Sem ad se venientem erudivit, docuitque quibus in locis regnare deberet. Multa etiam prævidit et prædixit. The author of the " Fasciculus Temporum mentions Ionichus as the son of Noah. Ionichus fuit filius Noe (de quo Moyses tacet) sapiens. Primò post Diluvium astronomiam invenit: et quædam futura prævidit; maximè de ortu quatuor regnorum, et eorum occasu. Cumque pater dedisset ei munera, ivit in terram Etham; et habitavit ibi, gentem constituens. Hic fertur consilium dedisse Nimroth, quomodo regnare possit.

Iste

The same history is to be found in the 26 Nurenberg Chronicle, printed in the year 1483: the author of which says, that Ionichus went to the land of Etham, and founded there a kingdom: and adds, hæc enim Heliopolis, id est, Solis terra. This, if attended to, will appear a curious and precise

23 Centesimo anno tertiæ chiliadis genuit Noe filum ad similitudinem snam, quem appellavit Ionichum. Ex Method. Martyre Comest. Hist. Schol. c. 37.

24 Methodius Martyr.

25 Fasciculus Temporum impress. A. D. 1474.

26 P. 14.

history. The antients continually give to one person, what belonged to many. Under the character of Ionichus are meant the Amonians; those sons of Ham, who came into Egypt; but particularly the Cuthites, the Iönim from Chaldea. They came to the land of Etham, and built the city, named Heliopolis, in the province of Zoan. Etham is mentioned by Moses; and was the first place in the" desert, at which the Israelites halted, after they had left Succoth. The author of the Fasciculus says, that Ionichus was a son of Noah, of whom Moses makes no mention. The truth is, it was only a different name for a person often mentioned: for Ionichus was Ham: and as titles were not uniformly confined to one person, it is probable that Chus also was included under this characteristic. Ionichus seems to be a compound of Iön-Nechus; and is undoubtedly a term, by which the head of the lönim was distinguished.

From hence, I think, we may be assured, that the Ionians were not of the race of Javan, as has been generally imagined. The latter were the original inhabitants of Greece:. and to them the Ionians succeeded; who were a colony from Babylonia first, and afterwards from Egypt, and Syria. There is a passage in Cedrenus, similar to that quoted above; shewing that the Iönim, the descendents

27 Exod. c. 13. v. 20.

28

of Ionah, were the first idolaters upon earth; and that they were upbraided by Plutarch for their defection from the purer worship. Ιωνες δε, δι εκ της Ies it should be Ιωνας), οιστισι μέμφεται ὁ Χαιρωνησιος Πλέταρχος, ὡς πλανην αγαλματων τινών εισαγωσι, τας κατ' ἔρανον φωςήρας θεοποιημένοι, τον Ήλιον και την Σε

The Ionians are the descendents of Iöna; and are the people, with whom Plutarch of Charonea is so offended, for being the first, who seduced mankind to idolatry, by introducing the sun and moon, and all the stars of heaven, as deities. They were the authors of that species of idolatry, styled Hellenismus, of which I have before treated. These histories, backed with many other evidences shew, I think, manifestly, that the Ionians were Iönim, a colony from Babylonia. They seem therefore to have been distinguished from the sons of Javan, by being styled I, Iones; whereas the others were styled Iaves: though this distinction is not, I believe, uniformly kept up. The people of Boeotia in the time of Homer were Iönim, and the Täones seem by that poet to be mentioned as a different race:

"Cedren. vol. I. p. 40. See also Des. b. Chron. p. 14, "Homer, ftad. N. v. 685.

And Attica is said by Strabo to have been called both Ionia, and Ias: 3 ή γαρ Αττικη το παλαιον Ιωνια xa: Ixs exaλeito. We find from hence, that it had two names; the latter of which, I should imagine, was that by which the primitive inhabitants were called. The Grecians continually changed the final into sigma: whence ", Ian, or Javan, has been rendered Ias. It was originally expressed, Izv, and Iaw and this was the antient name of Hellas, and the Helladians; as we may infer from its being so called by people of other countries: for foreigners abide long by antient terms. And according to the Scholiast upon Aristophanes, the Grecians in every country but their own were styled Iäones; by which undoubtedly is meant the sons of Javan. 3 Πάντας τες Έλληνας Ιαονας δι Βαρβαροι εκαλεν. The like evidence is to be found in Hesychius.: 3 de οι Βαρβαροι της Έλληνας Ιαννας λεγεσιν. All foreigners very justly call the Grecians Iannes. He had before mentioned, Ιαννα-Ελληνικη, επει Ιαννας της Ελ7.25 285. Ianna is certainly the land of Javan : and the purport of what this writer here mentions is, that Hellas was of old called Ian, or Jacan; because the natives were esteemed Iannes, or Javanes; being the posterity of the person so named. Ste

30 Strabo. 1. 9. p. 600.

"Schol. in Acharn. v. 106.
** It is so corrected by Heinsius.

επιεικώς

phanus also mentions Ιαών, and Ιγων : εκ δε τε Ιαων,

Iav. From the above it is

Iaones were meant all the

very plain, that by the antient inhabitants of

Greece; all that were the offspring of Ian, or Javan. But the Iones and Ionia related only to a 33 Ιώνες Αθηναίοι" οι Ίωνες, απο Ίωνος. Ένιοι και

The

part. της Θράκας, και Αχαίας, και Βοιωτας, Ἑλληνας. term Iones came from Ion; who was the reputed son of Xuth, as I have before shewn: and it was a name appropriated to some few of the Grecian families; and not uniformly bestowed upon all, though by some it was so used. The Iaones, or sons of Javan, were the first, who peopled the country, and for a while a distinct race. But when the Ionians afterwards joined them, and their families were mixed; we must not wonder if their names were confounded. They were however never so totally incorporated, but what some separate remains of the original stock were here and

Strabo says, that this

there to be perceived: and was to be observed even in the age when he lived.

There are some remarkable truths, which have been gleaned up by Joannes Antiochenus: and we shall find them to be worth our notice; as they relate to the origin of those people, who brought

33 Hesych.

34 Και της εν τῷ παρόντι Ελλαδος αναντίλεκτως ώσης την πολλην δι Bapagos xeo. Strabo. 1. 7. p. 495.