Brandywine, battle of, 429. Brasidas, 66.
Bravalla, battle of, 207.
Brazil, discovered, 284; independent, 488. Breda, compromise, 330; declaration of, 378; treaty of, 358, 364, 379.
Bremen, free city, 222; in league of Rhine cities, 249; not ceded to Sweden, 316; remains free in 1903, 464.
Bremen, bishopric, ceded to Sweden as a
duchy, 316; Danes capture and sell to Hanover, 396.
Brennus, British prince (?) 37; at Rome, 100.
Brentford, affair of, 347.
Breslau, battle of, 404; peace of, 401; fall of, 469.
Bretigny, peace of, 258, 268.
Bretwalda, 178.
Brienne, de, 447.
Bright, John, 542; resignation, 546. Brissot, Girondist, 451, 452, 454.
Bristol, captured, 267; by Rupert, 347; sur- rendered, 349.
Britain, geography, religion, mythical his- tory, 36; probable history to the year 411, 37; Irish invasion, 39; expedition of Cæsar, 139; conquest begun, 150; de- scription, 163, 164; Roman Britain, 176; Teutonic conquest, 176. See England. Britannicus, 150.
Brithnoth, death of, 205. British Museum founded, 439. Brittany (Bretagne), independent, 182, 201; under Henry II. of England, 231; con- tested succession, 257; final union with French crown, 320; annexed to France, 333.
"Broad Bottom Ministry," 433. Broglie ministry, 527, 529, 533. Bromsebro, peace of, 315, 352. Brook, Lord, grant in Conn., 296. Brougham, lord chancellor, 539. Brown, John, hanged, 556.
Bruce, claimant for Scottish crown, 264.
Bruce, Robert, coronation, 269; wins Ban-
nockburn, 267; death, 268.
Bruhl, c., 403.
Brunanburh, battle of, 205.
Brundisium, siege of, 141. Brunhilde, 181.
Brunswick, 222, 316, 490.
Brunswick, d. of, manifesto, 452; com- mands Prussians, 469; expedition, 472. Brunswick-Lüneburg, duchy of, 224. Brute, 37.
Brutus, Decimus, 144, 145.
Brutus, L. Junius, 89; consul, 93; puts his son to death in 509 (accidentally omitted from the first paragraph in page 95).
Brutus, M. Junius, 133; murder of Cæsar,
144; death, 145.
Brythonic Celts, 37.
Buccaneers, 417.
Buddhism, its origin, 23: introduced into China, 31; into Japan, 33.
Buena Vista, surrender of, 554. Bulgaria, revolt in, 521; principality of, 523, 524.
Bull of Alexander VI., dividing the world, 282; ausculta fili, 254; clericis laicos, 254, 266.
Bull, golden, of the H. R. E., 248; of Hun- gary, 277.
Bull Run, battles of, 557. Bunker's Hill, battle of, 427. Bunyan, John, 389.
Bunzelwitz, 405.
Burford, battle of, 180.
Burghley, baron, 328.
Burgoyne, gen., 428; surrender of, 429. Burgundians, on the Oder, 164; around Worms, 170, 171; on the Rhone and Saône, 172; subjugated, 181.
Burgundy (see Burgundians), part of Frankish kingdom, in the second divis- ion, 181; in the third, 182; given to Lothar in the treaty of Verdun, 187; after his death, assigned to the west Franks, 193; divided into transjurane under Rudolf, 209; and cisjurane under Boso, 193, 201; these two united into the kingdom of Burgundy or Arles, 198; which Rudolf III. bequeathed to Henry II., 198; and which was united with the empire, 198; the duchy of Burgundy re- mained with France, was seized by John II., and given to Philip the Bold, 258; growth of its power, strife with kings of France, 259; Burgundy and Orléans, 259; in the Hundred Years' War, 260; death of Charles the Bold, the duchy united with France, 262; the other Burgundian lands fell to Maximilian of Germany, 253, 801; the duchy claimed by Charles V., 302; these claims renounced by Charles, 805; new kingdom of Burgundy proposed by Joseph II., 408.
Burke, Edmund, 441.
Burkersdorf, battle of, 406.
Burleigh, baron, sec. of state, 338. Burlingame, Anson, 562.
Burma, 22, 30; invasion of, 444; 1st Bur- mese war, 541; 2d, 546; annexed to In- dia, 546.
Burnet, b. of Salisbury, 386.
Burnet, William, gov. of New York, 417; of Mass., 418.
Burr, Aaron, vice-pres. of U. S., 549; duel with Hamilton, 549; trial, 550. Burs-Nimrud, ruins of, 12 n. 2. Bute, lord, 439.
Butler, Irish gen., 313.
Button's Bay, discovery of, 299. Buzzard's Bay, discovery of, 290. "Bye" or Surprising" treason, 340.
Buchanan, James, U. S. sec. of state, 554; Bylot, voyage of, 299. pres., 556.
Bucharest, peace of, 473. Buckingham, d. of: (1) favorite of Richard III, 275; (2) d. in the reign of Henry VIII., 334; (3) Villiers, favorite of James
Byng, admiral, 434. Byron, lord, 488.
Byzantium, captured, 61, 68: importance to Athens, 72; name changed to Constanti- nople, 159; capital of eastern empire, 161.
"Cabal" ministry, 380.
Cabochians overthrown, 259.
Cabot, John and Sebastian, discover North America, 283, 333; Sebastian, voyage of, 283; alleged voyage, 285; voyage to South America, 286.
Cabral, discovers Brazil, 284, 353. Cade, Jack, rebellion of, 271.
Cadiz, expedition of Wimbledon, 342; siege of, 473; capture, 527. See also Gades. Cadmus, 18, 45.
Cadoudal, executed, 465. Cadmon, 180.
Cæsar, C. Julius, leader of the democrats, 136; consul, 137; triumvir, 137; re- ceives Gallia Cisalpina and Narbonen- sis, 138; conquest of Gaul, visits to Britain, 139; war with Pompeius, 140; Pharsalus, 141; in Egypt, 142; veni, vidi, vici, 142; African war, 142; war with sons of Pompeius, 143; C. impera- tor, 143 reform of the calendar, 143; assassination, 144.
Cæsar, G. and L., adopted by Augustus, 148. Caffir war, 543.
Cairo captured by the French, 460. Cajetanus. See Vio.
Calais, captured by Edward III. of Eng- land, 257; only English possession in France, 272; lost, 321, 338. Calatrava, order of, 240, 328. Calcutta, 22, 390.
Calendar, reformed by Cæsar, 144; by Gregory XIII., 327; republican c. in France, 455.
Calhoun, John C., U. S. sec. of war, 551; vice-pres., 552.
California, discovered by Cortez, 285, 287; by Drake, 289; gold discovered in, 555; 31st State of the Union, 555.
Caliphate, early history, 182, 183; Haroun- al-Rashid, 186; division into c. of Bag- dad, 183; under Abbasides, 210; de- stroyed, 241; and the c. of Cordova, founded and broken up, 209.
Calixtinians, 252.
Calixtus II., Pope, 201.
Calmar, union of, 237, 238, 276; dissolved, 351.
Calonnes, 449.
Calpurnius, C., 118. Calvin, 304.
Calvinists, not included in convention of Passau, 305; nor in peace of Augsburg, 306; included in peace of Westphalia, 317.
Camaret, of Rouen, 284.
Camargo, Alonzo de, 287.
Cambray, league of, 300, 318, 326; peace of, 303.
Cambyses, k. of Persia, defeats Psamethik, 7; attempted conquest of Carthage, 19; conquest of Egypt, slaughter of Apis (?), 27.
Camden, battle of, 430.
Camillus, M. Furius, 100, 103.
! Canaan, 7, 8, 16. Canada. See New Frane, French in, 299; French claims to, 363: wars with Iro- quois, 364, 365; with British colonies, see King William's war, Queen Anne's war, George's war, old French and Indian war; in the peace of Ryswick, 362, 371, 388; in the peace of Utrecht, 363, 393, 435 in the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 404, 419, 438; Seven Years' War, 420; peace of Paris, 422, 439; ceded to Great Britain, receives representative gov., 585; divided into upper and lower C., 542; dominion of C., 545. Canaris, 488.
Canary Islands, discovery of, 279. Candaules, k. of Lydia, 21. Candia. See Crete. Cannæ, battle of, 115. Cannibals, 283.
Canning, e., gov. gen. in India, 546. Canning, George, home sec., 537; foreign sec., 539.
Canossa, castle of, 200. Canrobert, 500, 502, 514. Cantabri, 148.
Canterbury, 38; captured by Danes, 203; archb. of, see Dunstan, Anselm, Becket,
Canusium (Marcellus defeated at, in 209 B. C., accidentally omitted on p. 117). Canute. See Knut.
Cape Ann, settlement of Puritans at, 295; Augustine, discovery of, 284; Cod, dis- covered by Northmen (?), 281; by Gos- nold, 290; surveyed, 294; Florida, 285; Good Hope, rounded, 280; seized by England, 535, see Caffir war, Zulu war; Mendocino, discovered, 288; Peregrine, 300; Vela, 283; Verde, discovery of, 276.
Carnatic, 443.
Carnot, 454, 457, 459.
Carolana, 288; granted to Heath, 293; claimed by Coxe, 365.
Carolina, Carolana, regranted under this name, 293; granted to Clarendon, 358; fundamental constitution adopted, 358 invaded by French and Spanish, 363; Indian war, 417; proprietary gov. over- thrown, 417; divided into North and South C. (q. v.), 417; boundary rectified, 425.
Carolina, fort, 288.
Caroline, q. of England, 539
Carolingians, Austrasian mayors of the pal- ace, 182; kings of the Franks, 184; in Italy and Germany, 193; in France, 201. Carpi, battle of, 392. Carrhæ, battle of, 140. Carteret, Sir George, 358. Carthage, founded, 18; Meltzer's view con- cerning, 18, n. 1: constitution, 19; oppo- sition to Grecian colonization, 19; threat- ened by Cambyses, 19, 27; wars with Sicilian Greeks, 20; defeat at Ilimera, 20; treaty of commerce with Rome, 103; allied with Rome, 108; war with Rome. See Punic wars; destroyed, 12; occu- pied by Vandals, 172. See Phoenicia. Carthage, New, taken by Scipio, 117. Carthagena, 285; sack of, 290; sacked by
Drake, 339; attacked by Vernon, 419, 438. Cartier, Jacques, voyages to America, 287. Carus, Roman emp., 157
Carver, John, gov. of Plymouth, 294. Casco, destruction of, 351.
Casimir the Great, k. of Poland, 277. Casimir, John, 373, 374.
Cassiterides, visited by Phoenicians, 17 n.
Cassius, 144, 145.
Cassius, Sp. 97.
Cassivelaunus, 37, 139.
Castelfidardo, battle of, 503.
Castes, in Egypt, 3; in India, 23.
Castile, county, afterwards kingdom of, 209; final union with Leon, 210; king of, 276; united with Aragon, 328; supports Philip of Anjou, 392. Castillon, battle of, 272.
Castlereagh, at Vieuna, 482; foreign sec., 537; suicide, 539.
Catalaunian fields, battle of the, 173. Catalonia, 240, royal house extinct, 276; invaded 392,
Cateau-Cambrésis, treaty of, 321, 327, 338. Catesby, Robert, 310. Cathari, 227.
Catherine de' Medici, 321, 324.
Catherine, emp. of Russia, I., reign, 410; II., in seven years' war, 406; reign, 411; war with the Turks, 412, 413.
Catholic league, 308. Catholic relief act, 539. Catiline, conspiracy of, 136. Catinat, 370, 32.
Cato, M. Porcius, the elder, in Spain, 118; accuses Scipio, 120; "Carthaginem esse delendam," 121; the younger, absent from Rome, 138; returned, 139; at Dyrra- chium, 141; suicide, 142.
Cato street conspiracy, 538. Cattle plague, 544. Catullus, C. Valerius, 148. Caudine Pass, 105. Caulaincourt, 477, 480.
Causa fidei, reformationis, unionis, 251, 252. "Cavalier" parliament, 378, 381. Cavendish, F., sec. for Ireland, 546. Cavour, c. 503, 531.
Cawnpore, massacre at, 546. Caxton, William, 275. Ceawlin, k. of Wessex, 178. Cecil. See Burghley. Cecrops, 44.
Celibacy introduced, 200. Celtiberians, 35.
Celts, migrations of, 35; Goidelic and Bry- thonic, 35; Celts of Gaul. See Gauls. Celts of British isles, 36. See also Brit- ain. Celts in Italy, 35, 86; join Hanui- bal, 114; annihilated as a nation, 138. Censor, creation of the office, 99; one cen- sor plebeian, 102; power limited, 132; re- stored, 133; given to Cæsar, 143. Censorship of the press abolished in Eng- land, 388.
Census of American colonies, 423; of In- dia, 1881, 547 of Ireland, 543; of Japan, 445; of New France, 365; Roman c., 92; of U. S. 1st, 547; 2d, 549; 4th, 552; 5th, 553; 6th, 554; 7th, 555; 8th, 556; 9th and 10th, 560; of Virginia, 292, 293. Ceorl, 177.
Cerausius, emp. of Britain, 38. Cerdic, 178.
Cerealis, 152.
Ceres, $4.
Cerro Gordo, battle of, 554.
Ceylon, Buddhism in, 23; seized by Eng- lish, 535.
Chabrias, 70, 71.
Chæronea, battle of, 73, 131.
Chaireddin Barbarossa, 304.
Chait sinh, raja of Benares, 444. Chalcedon, battle of, 134; fall of, 191. Chaldea, 13.
Chaleur Bay, 294.
Châlons, battle of, 173; 516.
Chambers of Reunion, 368.
Chambord, c. of. See Bordeaux, d. of, 529. Champigny, storm of, 518.
Champlain, Samuel, voyage, 290; discov ers the lakes, 299; death, 300. Chancellorsville, battle at, 558. Chandra-gupta, 23. Chanzy, defeat of, 519. Chapultepec captured, 554.
Charge of the Light Brigade, 500. Charibert I., k. of Franks, 181, Charlemagne. See Charles I., emp. Charles of Anjou, 225, 226.
Charles, archd. of Austria, 392, 458, 460, 467, 471, 472.
Charles of Bavaria, 509.
Charles the Bold, d. of Burgundy, 260. Charles I., k. of England, government in Virginia, 293; in Spain, 342; marriage, 342; reign, 342-351; surrenders to Scots, 349; escapes, 350, execution, 351. Charles II., defeat and flight, 375; pro- claimed k., 378; marriage, 379; treaty of Dover, 380; death, 383.
Charles III., k. of France, 202; IV., the Fair, 255; V., the Wise, 258; VI., 259; VII, 259, 260; VIII., 262; IX., 321 "X", cardinal of Bourbon, 324; X., 488; abdicates, 489, 527.
Charles I., emp. of the H. R. E., the Great (Charlemagne), 184, 193; II., the Bald, 186, 187, 201; III., the Fat, 193, 201; IV., 248; V., ancestor of the Span- ish line of Hapsburg, 301; reign, 302; Charles and Luther, 302; wars with Francis I., 302, 303, 304; with Henry II., 306; Schmalkaldic war, 305; abdica- tion, 306. See Charles I., of Spain; VI., claims to Spanish succession, 390; reign, 337; pragmatic sanction, 398; death, 400; VII., election, 401; exile, death, 402. Charles, card. of Lorraine, 319. Charles, d. of Lorraine, last Carolingian heir to French crown, 202.
Charles of Lorraine, Austrian gen., 372, 404. Charles, k. of Navarre, the Bad, 258. Charles, k. of Spain, I., possessions in the Netherlands, 329; reign, 330. See, also, Charles, emp. of H. R. E., V.; II., 390; III., 414; IV., abdicates, 470. Charles, k. of Sweden, IX., 352; X., 373; XI., 373: XII., 394; wars with Peter the Great, 394, Varna, 395; in Turkey, death, 396; XIII., 472.
Charles Albert, e. of Bavaria, claimant for Austrian inheritance, 400.
Charles Albert, k. of Sardinia, 494. Charles Edward, young pretender, 438. Charles Gustavus of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, k. of Sweden, 352. Charles Martel, 183, 184.
Charles Theodore, 406; elector palatine,
claimant for the Spanish succession, 406. Charleston, Carolina, foundation of, 358, 359; capture by Clinton, 430; evacua- tion, 431, in the civil war, 537; evacua- tion, 559.
Charter Oak, 361.
Chartists, 542.
Chase, Salmon P., U. S. sec. of the treas.,556. Chastenoy, peace of, 322. Chateaubriand, 527.
Chatham, e. of, as Wm. Pitt in Broad Bot-
tom ministry, 438; sec. of state, 439; sketch of life, 439; prime minister, 424. Châtillon, congress at, 480. Chattanooga, battle of, 558. Chaucer, Geoffrey, 270. Chaumont, alliance of, 480. Chedorlaomer, k. of Babylon, 13. Cheops. See Khufu.
Chephren. See Khafra.
Chilperic I., k. of the Franks, 181. China, geography, 30; religion, 31; chro- nology, 31; origin of Chinese, 31; early dynasties, 32; brilliant epoch, 32; the three kingdoms, 32; Buddhism in, 23; brilliant period, 211; conquered by Mon- gols, 242; in the 15th cent., 278; Tatar conquest, 354; war with Russia, 390; French and English exp. against, 501; opium war, 542, 561; treaties with France and U. S., 561; war with Great Britain and France, 561; famine, 562; treaty with Russia, 562.
Chinese emigration to U. S. suspended, 560.
Chios, battle of, 412; 416; revolt, 488. Chippewa, battle of, 551.
Chlodwig, k. of the Franks, 173. Chlopicki, 490.
Chlotar I., k. of Franks, 181. Choiseul, d. de., 446.
Chosroes, k. of Parthia, war with Trajan, 30; k. of Armenia, 153; deposed, 189. Chosroes, k. of Persia, I., (Anushirwan), reign, 190, 191; II., Eberwiz, 191. Chotusitz, battle of, 401.
Chow dynasty in China, 32; later Chow, 211.
Chowaresmians, empire of the, 240. Chremonides, 79.
Christ, birth of, 11, 149.
Christian of Anhalt, 309; of Brunswick, defeated by Tilly, 310.
Christian, k. of Denmark, I., of Olden- burg, 351; II., union of Calmar broken, 351, 352; III., 352; IV., head of lower Saxon circle, in thirty years' war, 310; war with Sweden, 314, 352; VI, VII, 409; VIII., annexes Schleswig-Holstein, 409; IX., accepts the constitution, 505, 506.
Christiania founded, 209.
Christianity, first persecution, 151; under Decius, 156; under Diocletian, 158; made state religion by Constantine, 159; aban- doned by Julian, 160; reinstated by Jovi- anus, 160: adoption of pagan customs, 165; conversion of Goths, 170; of the Franks, 173; of Langobards, 175; begin- ning of the papacy, 175; conversion of Britons, 38; of the Anglo-Saxons, 179; of the Germans, 184; Christians persecuted in Persia, 189; tolerated in Persia, 190; conversion of the North, 207, 208, 209; tolerated in China, 211; conversion of Po- land, Prussia, Hungary, 277; preached in China, 355; introduced in Japan, but re- jected, 356; Jesuits in Canada, 364; per- secution in China, 444; Christians in Turkey, 522, 524; toleration secured in China, 562.
Christina of Sweden, 352.
Che-wang-te, emp. of China, built the Christopher II., k. of Denmark, 236.
Cherry Valley, massacre of, 430.
Chevy Chase, battle of, 269.
Chinese wall; destroyed books, 32.
Chierasco, treaty of, 311, 325.
Childebert I., k. of the Franks, 181.
Childeric III., k. of the Franks, 184.
Chili, invaded by Almagro, 287; indepen dont, 488.
Chrysanthemums, war of the, 243. Church, high and low, 433.
Churchill. See Marlborough.
Cibola, seven cities of, 287.
Cicero, birthplace of, 82; sketch of life, 136; speeches against Catiline, 137; banished, 138; recalled, 139; proconsul, 140: murdered, 145.
Coke, Sir Edward, 341, 342.
Cilicia, Semitic, 21; under Persia, 26, 27, Colbert, 366.
134; Roman province, 136.
Cimbri, invade Italy, 127, 128, 167.
Cimon, 57, 61; rivalry with Themistocles,
62; recalled to Athens, death, 63.
Cimon, peace of, 63.
Cincinnati, society of the, 432.
Cincinnatus, L. Quinctius, 98. Cineas, 108.
Cinna, 130, 131.
Cinq-Mars, marquis of, 326.
Cinque Ports, 264.
Circles of the H. R. E., 300.
Cisalpine republic, founded, 459; included in Italian republic, 454. Ciudad Rodrigo, captured, 473. Civil marriage compulsory, 521. Civil rights bill, 559.
Civil war, in England (Roses), 272; great rebellion, 347, 350; in France, 321, 322; in Portugal, 488; in Rome, 130, 140; in Spain, 490, 520; in Switzerland, 492: in United States, Shays's rebellion, 433; whiskey, 548; great rebellion, 557. Civilis, C., 168.
Clarendon, e. of, first interview with the king, 346; receives grant of South Caro- lina, 358; chancellor, 378; fall, 379. Clark, John, settles Rhode Island, 297. Claudia, 148, 319.
Claudius, Roman emp., conquest of Brit- ain, 37 reign, 157. Claudius Pulcher, 111.
Claverhouse, defeat, 381; victory and death, 386.
Clay, Henry, U. S. sec. of state, 552. Clay's compromises, 555.
Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 555.
Clemens Maximus, 161.
Clement II., pope, 199; III., 200; V., 254; goes to Avignon, 263; XIV., 416. Cleomenes, k. of Sparta, 55; III., 79. Cleon, 65, 66.
Cleopatra placed over Egypt by Cæsar, 142 meets Antonius, 145; fails to charm Octavian, death, 147.
Clermont, council of, 214.
Cleves-Jülich, contested succession begun, 308; ended, 372. [Geneal. table, 307.] Clientes, 90.
Cliff temples in India, 23.
Clinton, Sir Henry, 429, 430.
Clisthenes, reforms of, 54.
Clitus, murder of, 75.
Clive, lord, 442; sketch of life, 443; in India, 443, 444.
Clodius, P., 135; tribune exiles Cicero, 128; ultra democrat, 139; death, 140. Cloten, 37.
Clovis. See Chlodwig.
Colchester, taken by Fairfax, 351. Coleman, execution, 381.
Coligny, adm. de, attempts to found a Huguenot colony in America, 288; mur- dered, 321.
Collatinus, 89, 93.
College, execution of, 383.
Colleges of sacred lore, 85; founded, 170. Colmar, 186.
Cologne, diet of, 300; archb. of, el., 248. Colonies, Greek, 48, 49; Roman and Latin, 109; in America: Spanish, 282, etc. English, 291; Dutch, Swedish, 298; French, 299, 363. Colonne, 197, 447. Colosseum, 82, 152.
Columbey-Nouilly, battle of, 516. Columbia, 488.
Columbus, Bartholomew, 283: Christopher, voyages to America, 282, 283, 284; state of Japan at the time of his voyage, 278; Diego, 284.
Comitia, centuriata, origin. 92; growth of power, 94, 102; chooses censors, 99; de- cline, 107; democratic reform of, 112; reformed by Sulla, 130; further conser- vative changes, 132; powers transferred to the senate, 149: curiata, original con- stitution, 91, 92; changes in the consti- tution, 94 and n.; constitution in the 4th cent. B. C., 102: tributa, established, 96; summons Coriolanus, 97; made equal with centuriata, 98; constitution in 4th cent. B. C., 102; resolves made univer- sally binding, 107.
Commercial panic in England, 539; in U. S., 556, 560.
Committee of public safety, in England, 347; in France, 453, 455. Commodus, Roman emp., 154.
Commune of Paris 451, 454, 455; upris- ing, 532.
Comnenes, dynasty, 240: house, 240. Compton, b. of London, 383, 384. Compurgation, abolition of, 232. Concilium Germanicum, 184. Concini (Maréchal d'Anere), 325. Concord, battle of, 426.
Concordat in France, 319, 463. Condé, 315, 366, 368, 450.
Confederate States of America, 556; recog-
nized by Great Britain, 555.
Confederation of the Rhine, establishment,
468; dissolution, 479.
Confession of faith, 338.
Confirmatio chartarum, 266.
Conflans, treaty of, 250. Confucius, 32.
Congress, Continental, 426, 427; of United States, 547.
Connecticut, colony of, 296; charter, 358; united with New Haven, 358; govern- ment, 361, 362; slavery partially abol- ished, 432.
Conrad, emp. of the H. R. E., I. (of Fran- conia), 194; II. (the Salian), 198; III., crusade, 215; reign, 219; IV., 225. Conrad the Red, of Lotharingia, 195.
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