This expression is duly given in Dr. Murray's 'New English Dictionary, and is explained as a corrupt form of "another gates.” F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. See 'N. & Q.,' 6th S. xii. 298, second column. R. H. BUSK. WORDSWORTH: "VAGRANT REED" (7th S. iii. 449). Surely this means the wanderer's walkingstick, a valuable support and "solace"; but he must also sit down now and then, or he will not get over his ground. C. B. M. "Vagrant reed," or cane, means a walking-stick, which is of little use to those who are tired. JOHN HALLIDAY. NOCTURNAL NOISES (7th S. ii. 367; iii. 132).The following noises are heard at night in the region of C. S. Antonio, Buenos Aires : Tero real (Himantopus brasiliensis).—These fly in packs at night, and utter a cry somewhat like that of a pack of small hounds. There is a similar bird in Europe, whose cry is supposed to have given rise to the traditions of infernal packs hunting their ghostly quarry in the still small hours. Viuda loca (Aramus scolopaceus), of the ibis tribe. Its melancholy wail ascends all night from the dismal swamps. tL Prairie owl (Pholeoptyna cunicularia).-Has a special cry at night, bearing a striking resemblance to the faintly heard hail of some shepherd. Biscacha (Lagostomus trichodactylus).—A prairie dog, indigenous; has a bark. Vide, for further particulars on above, Ibis, 4th S., Nos. 12, 13, and 14, and Proceedings of the Nat. Hist. Society of Glasgow, January 9, 1877. Added to these I might mention the tree frog, the common silver fox, and the occasional restless twittering of the tree sparrow. Lastly, the inane baying of the native domestic dog, an animal always thin, always bellicose, of no earthly use, and whose name is legion. H. GIBSON. way, Edinburgh. SITWELL STOTEVILLE (7th S. iii. 27, 154, 314, 397, 505).-It would be wasting time to discuss the question, if it can be called a question, whether "the base of modern German has any connexion with that of ancient Gothic." When MR. PYM YEATMAN has acquired the rudiments of the science in which he undertakes to instruct one of its greatest masters, he will discover that PROF. SKEAT is, as usual, altogether in the right. This himself, has, in his hurry, misquoted my note and young man," as he very properly describes has failed to understand PROF. SKEAT'S masterly "6 rash little article. ISAAC TAYLor. MR. YEATMAN appears to have forgotten that at the first reference I asked him to produce evidence of a statement, conspicuously made by him in 'The Feudal History of the County of Derby,' that Sitwell and Stoteville are forms of the same name. This he declined to do, on the ground that he would thereby "spoil one of the best chapters" in a forthcoming book. Subsequently, however, and especially at the last reference, he has freely and fully expressed his opinion as to the derivation of the word Stoteville, which is not at all the point in question, and he thanks DR. CHARNOCK and CANON TAYLOR for answering his " query as to the derivation of this name.' The query was not MR. YEATMAN'S, but mine; and that query might have been answered with less trouble and in less space than it has taken to discuss matters which are irrelevant to the point at issue. A county history should be a book in which one would expect to meet with some degree of accuracy; and if, for example, the author of such a book were to make the statement that Shakespeare and Breakespeare are variants of the same name, he would naturally be called upon to produce evidence in support of such an opinion. MR. YEATMAN is in the position of a party in an action to whom a written interrogatory has been exhibited, which he is bound to answer on pain of having his case struck out. If he fails to answer, the judgment of your readers must be that the statement was a guess, unsupported by any evidence, documentary or philological. I hope, therefore, that he will, for his own satisfaction, if not for the satisfaction of those who desire to know the truth of things, briefly indicate the grounds on which the statement is made. S. O. ADDY. Sheffield. Stuttgart. Merian spells it thus in a famous BARONESS BELLASIS OF OSGODBY, LINCOLNSHIRE, 1674 (6th S. xi. 188; 7th S. iii. 418, 477).— CUTHBERT BEDE will find a portrait of Susan Armine, Lady Bellasis, at Hampton Court, where it is mistakenly called Lady Byron. The almost entire absence of beauty confirms this assumption, which is the opinion of both Virtue and Walpole. She obtained a promise of marriage from James II. when Duke of York, after the death of Anne Hyde; she is said to have been his mistress. He procured for her the title of Baroness Bellasis of Osgodby for life, she having been the heiress of the Armines of that place. He also persuaded her to become a Roman Catholic. She was the second wife of Sir Henry Bellasis, son of John, Lord Bellasis, and nephew of the Earl of Fauconberg, Cromwell's sonin-law. She died in 1713, having in middle life married one Fortrey, a "gentleman of fortune." WILLIAM DEANE. Hintlesham Rectory, Ipswich. If your correspondents had taken the trouble to consult The Complete Peerage,' now being edited by G. E. C., and published in the Genealogist, they would have found the date of death and place of burial of the above lady. ALFRED SCOTT GATTY, York Herald. TO RALLY (7th S. iii. 126).—It may not be too late to give a quotation of this word older than Mr. Goschen's address, but used in the same sense: appeared of consulting any French etymologist about it; but I have asked several diligent readers (both French and English) of French newspapers, who all support my impression that for the last twenty years, at least, it has been constantly adopted in journalistic language, if not by the most serious writers. the Athenaeum tries to poke fun at English people ARABELLA CHURCHILL (7th S. iii. 508).-Is it not written in the book of the chronicles of 'N. & Q.' (5th S. iv. 488; v. 14) that the name of Arabella Churchill's youngest child was also Arabella, and that she died at Pontoise, Nov. 7, 1704, aged thirty? C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. The Cottage, Fulbourn, Cambridge, "Lord John Russell proposed a series of resolutions ARMS OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE PRIOR TO 1581 by which it was hoped the breaches which had arisen (7th S. iii. 495).-Is it likely that Sir Francis between Upper and Lower Canada would be healed. Drake was entitled to bear arms prior to 1581 ? These propositions were fiercely attacked, but Mr. Glad- In Prince's Worthies of Devon' it is stated that stone, amongst others, rallied to the support of the "his father was a minister," and in a note at the Government."Life of the Right Hon. W. E. Glad-end of the article it is stated that "in a recent stone, by G. Barnett Smith (1879), vol. i. p. 85. ROBERT F. Gardiner. Baronetage the father of Sir Francis Drake is said, but without any authority being cited for it, to have been a sailor, by name Edmond Drake." In Prince's Life' of Sir Bernard Drake is the following account of the bestowal of arms on Sir Francis: "NOM DE PLUME" (7th S. iii. 348).-As after a lapse of several weeks no reply has been sent to MR. BOUCHIER'S interesting inquiry, I will make a reference to a statement which appeared in the "About this time it was, that there fell out a contrast Athenaeum of April 19, 1884, p. 505, on the sub- between Sir Bernard, and the immortal Sir Francis ject, in which it is positively stated that the ex- Drake; chiefly occasioned by Sir Francis, his assuming pression is an entirely English invention. As this Sir Bernard's coat of arms, not being able to make out is only signed by an anonymous "French Journal- his descent from his family, a matter in those days, when ist," it does not seem absolutely satisfactory. On the court of honor was in more honor, not so easily digested. The feud hereupon encreased to that degree, the other hand, during a lapse of nearly three years that Sir Bernard, being a person of a high spirit, gave Sir it appears to have remained uncontradicted. Never-Francis a box on the ear; and that within the verge of theless it seems to me to be too good to be true that an English person should have hit on so serviceable an expression in a foreign language, and one that has certainly been found serviceable by the French. I have not had the opportunity since the query the court. For which offence he incurr'd her Majesty's displeasure; and most probably, it prov'd the occasion of the Queen's bestowing upon Sir Francis Drake, a new coat of everlasting honor, to himself and posterity for ever; which hath relation to that glorious action of his, the circumnavigating the world: which is thus em NOTES AND QUERIES. blazon'd by Guillim, Diamond a fess wavy between the This in an error which I have seen repeated in other accounts of Sir Bernard, the fact being that he died and was buried at Crediton (about seven miles from Exeter), but his monument is at Musbury, as stated by Prince. HENRY DRAKE. THE FIRST PRINCIPLES OF PHILOLOGY (7th S. ii. 445; iii. 161, 277, 315, 411).-Personally, I must thank CANON TAYLOR for his courteous and temperate reply, though I think his whole case weak. 1. Why resort to Germanisms like ursprache and urvolk? (a) Ur="original" is an inseparable particle, prefixed and taken directly from the Lat. orior; so Anglice "primitive speech," we might say "uptongue" but that it would increase Dr. Murray's labours. (b) As to urvolk, it is our "aborigines," and such people never can be identified till you define the country intended. The first process is an ethnological inquiry for the man," Adam," who first spoke; the second process is to analyze his speech, when found. [7th 8. IV. JULY 2, '87. but always metamorphic. In this way Gaulish became Romance; but the Canon's illustration is most unhappy. That hereditary pennist refers French rouler to an imaginary "roul." This is needs no intermediate root, thus: Lat. rota, late rotulare; Provençal rotlar, rolar; French roler, the very pity of it, for the transition is clear and rouler. See Scheler. Why confuse matters with a needless hypothesis when the disappearance of the t explains it all? Then, as to the equation help thinking of the Misses Scales, who are always given, viz., "ro, ra, re, rhy, ari=ar!" one cannot practising "next door." root ar is only the common Indic verb ar ririnami, which has given us the Latin orior; while the This imaginary Aryan allied form ar ri arami gives us the Latin rota. fear may prove tedious to many and too diffuse for the editorial limits of space, I would_call 4. Before parting with this subject, which I attention to the spread of language by lateral exeasily paralleled elsewhere-as, for instance, by the tension. We know it has gone on in Alsace-Lordecay of Welsh in that province, and of Irish and raine, where French supplanted German; and it is Gaelic in the sister isle and Scottish Highlands; so that the ethnic is always in conflict with the philogreat Aryan ursprache. logic aspect of the question in our search for the A. HALL. iii. 405).-Eliza Swann's charm to stop the bleed- The Child was meek, gentle, and good, The charm is said to be used in the neighbour- 2. The term Aryan is delusive, because it presupposes the qualities predicated of an unknown result. The Canon suggests two localities for inquiry: (a) the aborigines of the Baltic; this is exclusively ethnological, and we know that if so-called Aryan they must have been Sclavonic, representing a western extension of the Sarmatii. (b) The Baikals of Siberia, on the contrary, were UralAltaics, i. e., the Scythians of Herodotus, the Turanians of Dr. Hyde Clarke, all migratory-A change of a single letter will make good F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. nomads. So, when we have thus found our MOTTO OF WATERTON FAMILY (7th S. iii. 452). aboriginal Aryan, and duly scratched him, we shall meet with an agglutinative or monosyllabic form of speech, not now recognized as Indo-European. What, then, becomes of our Aryan ursprache, which presupposes an incorporating, a synthetic or inflec-kind "=fremit kin= unkind kindred ? tional form of speech? 3. As to roots. than a biological illustration, holding that lanI prefer a geological rather guages underlie and overlie each other, cropping up here, disappearing there, in regular lines of stratification-nothing permanent or continuous, Fremd is "stranger" in Anglo-Saxon as in modern Is not this "Better kind frende than fremd HERMENTRUDE. 461).-The extracts from Sir John Maclean's 'His- Yorkshire, London, and Sussex; so early as 1135 in Yorkshire. The branch which settled in Jamaica came from Sussex, where they owned a good deal of land, and the present representatives descend from Henry Lawrence, the president, through John (not Sir John), one of his younger sons, who emigrated to that island after the Restoration. B. F. SCARLETT. "And so became possessed, in 31 Hen. VII.," &c. As Henry VII. only reigned twenty-four years, i. e., 1485-1509, I wish to ask MR. GOODRIDGE where the 31 Hen. VII. comes in? EDWARD R. VYVYAN. In Randolph's 'Archipelago,' 1687, there is an account of a storm in 1683 in which two ships from New England found themselves. One went ashore in Mount's Bay; the other, although in great distress, reached Plymouth Sound in safety (pp. 98-108). W. C. B. he gives us in the beginning of his work an epitome of the geography of the world, as men then understood it, which, though almost entirely a compilation from other books which have come down to us, gives an interesting picture of what men in the fourteenth century thought our world was like. In the second, Higden has had the good fortune to be translated into English by two different persons. John Trevisa, the Cornishman, who became chaplain to Thomas, Lord Berkeley, who died in 1416, and another unknown author. Both these English writers have made some additions to the text that was before them, but the value of their labours mainly now consists in the good prose style which they wrote. It was believed that eight volumes would be sufficient to contain the whole of the three texts of the 'Polychronicon,' but John Malverne's Latin continuation has been discovered. This hitherto unknown document, with the glossary and indices, compose the volume Malverne's chronicle does not add any facts before us. of first-class importance to the knowledge which we already possess, but it is full of minute touches which those who endeavour to write history accurately will know how to value. Some of his statements must have been made, we think, on insufficient information. Wat Tyler is called John, not Walter, and Ball, the fanatical preacher, figures as Balne. This latter may possibly be the correct form. Surnames were in a fluent condition in those days. Men who had the luxury of possessing one were careless as to spelling so long as the sound was nearly right; but the Christian name was a sacred thing, in which no error was likely to occur. In the war with Scotland, in 1384, we are told that the Duke of Lancaster saved the Abbey of Melrose and the city of Edinburgh from destruction. If this be true, it casts a favourable have been but too ready to think evil. There are many light on the character of one of whom modern historians horrible details as to the cruelties practised upon a Car Does W. S. B. H. know that there was a lead-melite friar, who had brought charges, which we do not ing article in the Times of May 17, 1882, on the above? I cut it out at the time and pasted it in my book of newspaper extracts, and cannot, unfortunately, send or offer to copy it. M.A.Oxon. doubt were without foundation, against the duke. The varied tortures the wretch underwent are too horrible to think of. If the duke was really privy to what was being done, his worst enemies could not give him too bad a character. We believe, however, that he was not aware of these horrors until it was too late to intervene. We are told that the duke was displeased when he heard of what had taken place, but not until the unhappy Carmelite "ab hac instabili luce migravit et in pace quievit." Nearly one-half of this volume is occupied by the glossary to the whole of the nine volumes and the indices. These latter we have not tested, but we have carefully examined the glossary. It seems to be as nearly perfect as such a work can be. Readers who have the advantage of possessing the book on their own shelves will do well to consult it whenever the modern dictionaries are at fault as to a medieval English word. Unless we are much mistaken, there are not a few words to be met with here which have not hitherto found their way into any dictionary whatsoever. We wonder how many of our readers are aware that there were base and spurious coins called "rosaries." The Latin of Higden's text is "rosarios," which Du Fresne explains as "monetæ adulterinæ." We wish some one would be more explicit, and tell us exactly what these deceitful coins were like. Had they a rose or a string of prayer beads on them? The Family of Brocas of Beaurepaire and Roche Court. With some Account of the English Rule in Aquitaine. By Montague Burrows, Capt. R.N., M.A., F.S.A. (Longmans & Co.) THIS is one of the most interesting family histories ever published, and it was indeed fortunate that the chest NOTES AND QUERIES. containing these deeds came into the hands of one so fitted to bring them before the public in the manner they deserve. The beginning of the preface is more like the opening of a novel than the introduction to a work of antiquarian value. We are told that a chest of English oak, made some time in the fifteenth century, was discovered, containing "some six hundred deeds and papers, commencing with the De Roches' property in 1271, taking up that of the De Brocas in 1320, proceeding continuously through the ages till the Gardiners succeeded to the Brocas estates, and ending abruptly enough in 1782." It is impossible to estimate too highly the value of a find of this kind, nor can we, in such a limited space, do justice to the way in which the work of arranging and putting in order these deeds has been done. Prof. Burrows has been unwearied in his endeavours The Dictionary of Religion. Edited by the Rev. William THIS work was begun by the late Rev. J. H. Blunt, and [7th S. IV. JULY 2, '87. tension. The standpoint from which the various articles a special purpose. There is, of course, no finality; and a book such as this is capable of almost indefinite exof England. Very judicious steering is, of course, necessary. Reference, however, to such lives as Pusey, are written is, as was to be supposed, that of the Church Stanley, Colenso, Wesley, and to such even more dangerous headings as "Eternal Punishment," shows that the whole is written with tact and right feeling. Some questions sent to 'N. & Q.' might be avoided by a reference to these pages. London Life seen with German Eyes. By Wilhelm F, Brand. (Field & Tuer.) Mr. Brand writes goodnaturedly, and displays some Ir is always edifying to read what foreigners say of us. acuteness of vision. For English readers, however, his book is too charged with statistics. When, however, à propos to dinner parties, we read that the special English soups are ox-tail, mulligatawny, and cayenne, and that the heavy sherry which accompanies them is of the information is not, to say the least, out of date. "chiefly manufactured in Liverpool," we marvel if some Howard's Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica an elaMR. BURKE, Somerset Herald, is compiling for Dr. borate pedigree of the Darwin family. Many valuable documents have been lent by members of the family, which will enable the compiler to make this important genealogy most complete. It will be illustrated with woodcuts of signatures, including those of Sir Francis Darwin, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, Charles Darwin, Josiah Wedgwood, and many others. struck off on quarto paper for private circulation. A few copies will be Notices to Correspondents. address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, To secure insertion of communications correspondents signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." of voyages and travels selected from writers of all with Waverley Abbey, near Farnham, see 3rd S. v. 176. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and |