ERRATA IN THE HISTORY OF EUROPE.

Page 12, Col. 2, line 11 from bottom, for injudicially read injudiciously

20, for procuring read pecuniary

3, for after read often

28, for they read thefe

29, for Lifle read Quesnoy

3, & paffim, for Crevelæur read Crevecæur
6 from bottom, for they read the old governments
18 for unacceptable read inapplicable

3 from bottom, for this read his

for Mons read Mans

3 from bottom, for probable read poffible

20 from bottom, for country read "countrymen, and add, and with the refources of their country.

11, for effect read affect

2, 15, for war read woe

I,

31, for militia read military -22, for Auftrians read Heffians

THE

CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF EUROPE.

CHAP. I.

Ideas entertained of the Power and Situation of France by the Coalefced Powers at the
Commencement of the War. Their mutual Sufpicion. Their Prefumption on their
firft Succeffes. Clofe of the Campaign in 1793 unfavourable to them in the Nother-
Lands and on the Rhine. Activity of the French in preparing for the next Cam-
paign. Numbers and Resolution of their Armies. Abilities of their ruling Men.
Prodigious Preparations of the French for the Campaign of 1794. Willingness with
which they fubmit to Burthens in Support of their Caufe. Their military Lift double
to that of the Coalefced Powers. The Promotion and Military Talents of Jourdain,
Hoche, and Pichegru. Aptitude and Patience of the common People in France in
the enduring of Hardships. Violence and Impetuofity of the French in Action.
Bravery and Difcipline of the Auftrian Armies. Enthufiafm and Perfeverance of
the French Soldiers in attacking their Enemies. Colonel Mack fent by the Imperial
Court to concert Measures for the enfuing Campaign with the British Miniftry.
Project of the French relating to the Netherlands difcovered and fruftrated. Hes
of the Republican Adminiftration in confequence of the Rivalship fubfifting between
the Houfes of Auftria and Brandenburgh. The Duke of Brunswick difcontented at
the Manner of conducting the War. His Refignation of the Command of the Pruf-
fian Armies. Pernicious Effects refulting to the Confederacy from the mutual Jea-
Loufies of Auftria and Brandenburgh. Advantages arifing to the French from the t
Caufe. French and Pruffian Commiffioners meet at Frankfort, on the Pretence of
fettling an Exchange of Prifoners. Sufpicions of the Public on this Occafion. Po-
licy of the Pruffian Miniftry in its Conduct with the Members of the Confederacy.
Ideas of the People of England refpecting the Views of Pruffia, The King of Prul
fia declares his Refolusion to recede from the Confederacy against France, and af-
Jigns his Reafons for taking this Step. He withdraws his Troops from the Confede
rates. Endeavours of the Emperor to procure the Acceffion of the Empire to the
Defigns of the Coalition against France, and to obtain Supplies from the Diet. He
propofes raising the People in a Mafs; but is oppofed by the Prussian Deputy.
VOL. XXXVI.

U

Preju

Prejudice to the Caufe of the Confederacy from thofe Difagreements. Subfidiary
Treaty concluded between Great Britain and Pruffia. Difcontents produced therchy
amo ng great Numbers of the People in England. Their Sufpicion of the good Farth
both of the Auftrian and Pruffian Minifters. Movements of the French Armies in
the Netherlands. Condition of the Auftrian Forces, and thofe of the other Confede
rates. A Council of War held by the Allies. Plan of the enfuing Campaign propofe
by the Auftrian Miniftry. Produces an Altercation, which ends in a Determinatis
of the Emperor to command the Confederate Army in Perfon. He repairs to Bruf.
fels, and is inaugurated as Sovereign of the Auftrian Netherlands. He affume
the Command of the Allied Army. The French attacked and defeated near Landrecy.
Siege of that Town undertaken. The French attack the Troops of the Hereditary
Prince of Orange, and are repulfed. They obtain fome Advantages over General
Alvinzy, but are forced to retire. They are attacked by the Duke of York, and
obliged to retreat to Cambria. The Duke attacked by the French, but compels them
to retire with Lofs. They are repulfed at the fame Time by Prince Cobourg. Ge-
neral Pichegru attacks General Clairfait, defeats him, and takes Menin and Cour-
trai. Landrecy furrenders to the Allies. General Jourdain invades the Duchy
of Luxembourg, and defeats the Auftrian General Beaulieu. The Duke of York at
tacked by the French near Tournai. The French repulfed. They force General
Clair fait to abandon Courtrai with great Lofs. They are defeated by General
Kaunitz near Mons. The Allies attack the Frh in the Neighbourhood of Lifle,
and gain fome Advantages. The French attack the Allies, and obtain a complete
Victory. Principal Causes of their SucceJes. Great Defeat of the French, who are
driven back as far as Lifle. Again defeated with great Lofs by General Kaunitz.
Bouillon taken by the Auftrians, under General Beaulieu, who defeats a large Body
of French. He is compelled by General Jourdain to retire towards Namur. The
French defeated with great Slaughter by the Hereditary Prince of Orange, and
forced to withdraw from Charleroy. The Siege of Charleroy refumed. Battle of
Fleurus, wherein the Allies are entirely defeated, and lofe great Numbers. De-
bilitated Stars of their Army. Charleroy furrenders to the French. Ypres befieged
by General Moreau, who gains a great Victory over Clairfait, and takes that Town.
Confequences of those two Events. Bruges fubmits to the French. The Duke of
York moves towards Oudenard. Tournai furrenders to the French. Oudenard
Jaken

CHAP II.

Arrival of Lord Moira at Oftend. Evacuation of this Town and March of Lord
Moira to the Affiftance of the Duke of York. Oftend furrendered to the French
Exultation of the French at their Succeffes. Diligence and Activity of the French
Armies in improving them. Prince Cobourg defeated and Mons taken. Bruffels
furrenders to the French, who establish their Form of Government in that and other Pla-

ces.

Reunion at Bruffels of the French Armies of the North and of the Sambre and
Meufe. Immenfe Captures by the French of Provifions, Ammunition, Military
Stores, and Magazines of every Kind. Ghent taken by the French. Engagements
between the French and the Troops under Lord Moira. He effects a Junction with
the Duke of York. Their joint Operations against the French. They quit Mechlin.
Movements of the Duke of York. Prince Cobourg proposes to attack the French,
But the Dutch decline his Propofal. Reafons affigned for their Conduct. The He-
reditary Prince of Orange endeavours to appofe the French, but is compelled to re-
tire. General Clair fait defeated near Louvain, with great Slaughter. That City
akes by the French. Project of the Allies to form a Line of Defence between Ant-

erp and Namur. Fruftrated by the expeditious Movements of the French. Cap-
re of both thefe Cities. The Auftrians routed at Liege by General Jourdain, to
hom that Place furrenders. The French invade Dutch Flanders. The Dutch
acuate Lifle. Cadfand furrenders to General Moreau. Siege of Sluys by the
rench. Its brave Defence. Surrenders to the French. Succeffes of the French
pon the Rhine. Kayferflauern and other Places taken. The French furprised and
defeated by Marshal Mollendorf at Kayferflauern. They gain a complete Victory
ver the Pruffians at Edikhoffan. Another over both the Pruffians and Auftrians
Tripstadt. Confequences of thefe Victories. The City of Treves furrenders to

he French. The French retake Landrecy, Quefnoy, Valenciennes, and Condé, with

mmenfe Quantities of Stores and Artillery. Their inexorable Treatment of the

Emigrants. Their Capture of the Towns in Flanders. Brave Defence of Nieuport.

Situation of the Dutch at this Period. Endeavours of the Stadtholder to excite them

to unite in Defence of their Country. Difcontents and Complaints of the People of

Holland. Preparations of the Dutch to oppofe the French, Breda and Bois le Duc

put in a Pofture of Defence. The Duke of York Stations his Forces near thefe

Towns for their Protection. Preparations of the French to attack the Duke of

York. Their immenfe Superiority of Numbers obliges him to remove to Grave, af-

ter fuftaining their Attack of his Pofts on the River Dommel with great Refolution.

Confternation in Holland at the Approach of the French, Proclamations of the Stadt-

holder and the States, exh rting the People to Vigour and Unanimity in their Defence.

Addrefs of Prince Cobourg to the Inhabitants of Germany bordering upon France.

Addrefs of the Emperor to the fame. Sentiments of the Princes and States of the

Empire at this Time. Embally from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor, who

engages to profecute the War on receiving a large Subfidy for that Purpose. Prince

Cobourg refigns the Command of the Confederate Armies. Reafons alleged for

his Difmiffion

26

CHAP. II.

General Jourdain defeats, near Liege, the Auftrians, commanded by General Latour.
Ufe made of an Air Balloon upon this Occafion. The Auftrians again defeated
with
great Slaughter, and compelled to abandon Aix la Chapelle, which is taken
by the French. The French meet with a Check from General Clairfait. They
attack the Chain of Pofts he had formed from Juliers to Ruvemond, and after a
Battle that lafted four Days, completely defeat him, with great Slaughter, and
force him to retreat to Cologne and cross the Rhine. Juliers, Cologne, and other
Places furrender to the French, who endeavour to conciliate the Inhabitants by
their Regularity and Moderation. Reduction of Coblentz by General Moreau.
Worms and other Towns on the Rhine fubmit to the French. General Pichegru
appointed to the Command of the Army deftined for the Invafion of Holland.
The British and Dutch Forces obliged, on Account of his vaft Superiority of Strength,
to remain entirely on the Defenfive. The French reduce the Fort of Crevecoeur,
and Shortly after Bois le Duc. The Duke of York retires to Nimeguen. The
French attack the British Pofts with Succefs, and force them to retreat across the
Waal. They advance to Nimeguen, and obtain further Advantages. They be-
fiege that Town, and meet with a refolute Defence. It falls into their Hands
through an unfortunate Accident. Surprize excited by its fudden Capture.
Confiderations on the Difpofition and Conduct of the People of the United Pro-

vince

vinces at this Crifis, and on the Political Ideas current in the Netherlands and
Germany. Advantage taken of them by the French. Maeftricht besieged and
taken by them, after a long and obftinate Defence. Pichegru prepares to ima
Holland. Inferiority of the Forces oppofed to him. Diftracted Situation of
Dutch

47

CHAP. IV.

Military Operations of the French in Spain. Difference between the prefent and
former State of Spain. Its Decline and want of Population fufficient to encoun•
ter the French. Their Preparations for the Campaign of 1794. They fu
attack the Western Borders of Spain, and rout the Spaniards near St. Jean De
luz, and at other Places, and take a Number of Prifoners, with an immenfe Quan-
tity of Artillery and Warlike Stores. General Dugommier forces a Spanish Army
to lay down their Arms. Count De L'Union defeated by the French, in attempting
to raife the Siege of Bellegrade, which furrenders to them, with a large Garrife.
General Dugommier obtains a fignal Victory over the Spaniards, but is flain.
Honours decreed to his Memory. Battle of St. Fernando Defigueres, wherein a
large Army of Spaniards is forced into its Entrenchments, and Count De L'Uma
killed. St. Fernando Defigueres taken by the French, together with a numerent
Garrifon, and an immenfe Booty of all Kinds. The Spaniards again defeated,
and unable to keep the Field on their Eaftern Frontiers. Succeffes of the French
on the Western Borders of Spam. General Delaforde forces the Spanish Camp at
St. Jean Deluz, and takes a large Number of Prisoners, and a great Quantity &
Military Stores and Provifions. A remarkable Victory gained by the French our
a Spanish Army of fuperior Force. Loffes and Confternation of the Spaniards;
Rapidity of the Motions and Succeffes of the French. Fontarabia and St. Sebaftian
fubmit to them with their Garrifons. Immenfe Magazines of all Kinds fall into
their Hands. Conduct of the French towards the Spaniards, diminishes the
Averfion to the Politics of France.
French Revolution.
Alteration in the Spanish Character fince the
A large Buddy of Spaniards defeated by a small one g
French. Defertion of fome Spanish Troops to the French. The Spanish Lines,
extending near forty Leagues, are forced by the French, and the Spaniards routed
with great Lofs of Men killed and taken. Difcouragement of the Spanish Cou
and Miniftry. Thew fruitless Attempt to raife the People in a Mass. Diftrejs
of the Span fh Government.
Operations of the French in Italy. Political View of the Effects produced by the
The Methods it employs to raise Money. Military
Revolution on their National Capacity and Strength of Exertion. Former Dif
appointments and Difafters attending the French in the Invafion of Italy. They
open the Campaign in that Country by the Siege of Oneglia. Their cautious Con-
duci towards the Republic of Genoa. Oneglia befieged and taken by them.
Confequences of this Capture. They defeat the Sardinians and Aufirians, pene-
trate into Piedmont, and feize large Quantities of Provifions and Warlike Stores.
Exploits of Dumerlion their chief Commander. He forces a strong Encampment
of the Sardinians. Numbers of them are killed and taken, with all their Cannon
and Magazines. He attacks and carries the Sardinian Entrenchments at Colde
Sanda, and compel them to abandon that Pafs with great Lofs, Confternation of