copper consisting of twelve ounces. The engraving below shows an example of these Italo-Grecian coins of the latest epoch, when Grecian liberty, and consequently Grecian art, had assumed in a great degree a Roman character; it is a copper coin of Capua after its subjection to Rome.

The silver coinage of the southern parts of the Italian peninsula became Romanised also, and the numerals XX., X., V., &c., are found upon them, denoting amounts in the Roman silver standard, instead of the globules used in the copper coinage.

This sort of semi-independent coinage quite disappeared in Italy and Sicily after the reign of Augustus, and the Roman coinage, with the exception of that of a few favoured Greek cities, and a few semi-independent provinces of Gaul, Spain, and Britain, became the coinage of the whole civilised world.

In concluding this brief notice of the Greek coinage of the finest period, I may, in a few summary observations, state in what manner this period of perfection disappeared. In Asia, Macedonia, and Epirus, the regal coins-after the time of Alexander the Great,-to a great extent superseded the autonomous coinage of cities, and the gradual decay of the regal coins will be found noticed in the account of the coinages of the different leading dynasties of Greek origin. In the states of Greece Proper a few fine autonomous coins were struck for a short time after this period, but we find even the Athenians coining under the protection of Demetrius Polyorcetes, and Mithridates; and the execution of their money gradually declined till the eventual domination of Rome swept away the last vestiges of the ancient style of art, on the Greek coinages; for although the Romans conceded the privilege of coining their own money to many celebrated Greek cities, both in Europe and Asia, such privi

leged places ceased to coin anything but copper, and seem to have been so influenced by Roman manners, that an entirely new style of coinage arose, which, though not like the old Greek, was yet dissimilar from the Roman, and which will be found described in the Roman series, under the head of "Greek Imperial."

A List of some of the most Remarkable Types* found on Autonomous Greck coins in Asia, Greece Proper, Italy, Sicily, &c. &c.

MASSILIA (Marseilles), a lion standing in repose, the tail coiled up.
CYRENE, the Silphium, a plant growing in that region.

THASUS, Hercules on one knee in the act of drawing the bow.

MYTILENE, a lyre.

MITHYMNE, a boar.

CARYSTE, a cock.

CHALCIS, a lyre.

PHOCIS, a bull's head, front view.

AMPHIPOLIS, a torch in a kind of stand.

OPUNTIA (of Locris), Ajax, armed with a sword and shield.

LAMIA, a vase surmounted with a leaf of ivy.

LARISSA, a bridled horse stepping.

LEUCADIA, the prow of a vessel.

ACARNANIA, Apollo sitting on a kind of throne extending one arm

with a bow.

ETOLIA, wild boar.

ETOLIA, a hero leaning on a knotted stick, on one arm a mantle

and sword.

SYCION (time of Achaian league), a Chimæra, a monster formed of
a lion and a stag, or some other animal.—And above, a dove
within an olive wreath.

MELOS, an apple.

NAXOS, a crouching figure of Silenus, holding in one hand a diot
or vase, and in the other a thyrsus.

CROTONA (Magna-Græcia), a tripod.

THURIUM (ditto), a bull in the act of butting.

SYBARIS (ditto), a bull in repose.

AINOS (Thrace), reverse-a goat.

ACANTHUS (Macedonia), a lion springing on the back of a bull; very
early coins of this city have sometimes the fore part of a
bull only.

HYLEA OF ELEA (Lucanian, Magna-Græcia), a lion overpowering

a stag.

* On late Coins, these types are most frequently found as reverses; the head or figure of a deity occupying the obverse.

CARTHAGE, a horse's head and palm-tree; sometimes a lion and

palm-tree.

METAPONTUM (Magna-Græcia), an ear of wheat.

HERACLEA (ditto), Hercules overcoming the lion.

TENEDOS, a double-headed axe, &c., &c.

CNOSSUS (Crete), the Labyrinth and other small types.

CHERSONESUS (ditto), Apollo sitting on the cortina, playing the lyre. PREESUS (ditto), a bull.

CYDONIA (ditto), a wolf suckling a child.

Cos (island), a crab and club.

SAMOS (island) by some attributed to Sardis of Lydia,-& lion's head, full face; and often on the reverse, a bull's head in profile.

CYZICUS, sometimes lion's head full face, similar to the above; and on early coins the winged boar.

TENOS (Cyclades), two dolphins and a trident.

ANDROS (ditto), a panther.

SYROS (ditto), a goat and an ear of corn.

MYARA, a tripod.

CORINTH, the pegasus.

EURYDICEA, a tripod.

MESSENIA, a tripod.

PYLOS (Messenia), a trident.

LACEDEMONIA or SPARTA, capital of Laconia, the caduceus of Mercury and sometimes a sitting Hercules leaning his left

arm on a club.

PHENEOS (Arcadia), Mercury carrying the infant Arcas.

STYMPHALIA, Hercules in the act of striking with the club.

TREZENE (Argos), a trident.

CHIOS, a diota or amphora, assumed at a later period than the original type of the griffon.

CUMEA (Æolia), a bridled horse, stepping.

CNIDUS (Doria), a lion's head in profile.

MYLASSA (Caria), a double-headed axe with a laurel wreath.

HISTIMA, a female figure sitting on the prow of a vessel.

LYTHUS, the head of a boar.

MELITA, a mythic figure with four wings.

MESSINA, a rabbit.

MILETUS, a lion and star.

NEAPOLIS (in Macedonia), a mask with the tongue put out.

PERGAMUS, an eagle on a thunderbolt.

POSIDONIA, Poseidon or Neptune.

SEGESTA, a dog.

SELEUCIA, the thunderbolt with flames projecting from each side.

SIDON, Hercules bending his bow.

SINOPE, an eagle holding in its claws a fish.

TARENTUM, a youth riding a dolphin, also the cockle-shell

TAUROMENIUM, a bull butting.

TRALLES, a serpent issuing from mystic chest, like the cistopho

ACHAIA, the monogram of Achaia, and a lyre with a wreath.

ARGOS, the fore-part of a wolf, more anciently two dolphins; on later coins, a bird perched on a club.

AMISUS, the parazonium.

ANTIOCH, a ram running, the head turned back towards a crescent

and stars.

ARCADIA, Pan sitting on a rock.

CALES (and other Campanian cities), a cock.

NEAPOLIS (and Campania in general), a human-headed bull crowned by a flying Victory.

CAMARINA, a swan in various positions, sometimes carrying a nymph. CENTURISSA, a bird on a ploughshare.

CHALCIS, an eagle and serpent on a thunderbolt.

CYME. a kind of diota, or rather a jug with one handle.
DYRRACHIUM, the gardens of Alcinous.

ELIS, the thunderbolt.

FALERIA, the thunderbolt enriched with ornaments.

GORTYNA, Europa on the bull.

Assus (Mysia), a griffon beneath, a bunch of grapes.

PARIUM, a mask or full face with the tongue thrust out (a Gorgon), also a bull and horse walking.

ABYDOS, a full face or mask.

ILIUM, Minerva with a distaff and spear.

SIGEUM, like Athens, an owl, sometimes side and sometimes full

face.

TEMNOS, Fortune with her attributes.

COLOPHON, a horseman and a lyre, frequently a dog.

ERYTHRE, a bow and quiver, and a club.

SAMOS, a bull, a peacock.

EPIDAURUS, a serpent twined round a staff.

CARYSTUS, (Euboea), a decorated head of a bull.

CHALCIS, an eagle with a serpent in its claws.

ERETRIA, a bull lying down.

ANDRUS (island), a vase with two handles, and a bunch of grap CEOs (island), fore-part of a dog.

CARTHEA, fore-part of a dog surrounded with rays, and a bee.

CORESIA, a star or a bee.

PAROS (island), a goat and a star.

PHANAGORIA, a bow and arrow.

AMISUS, an eagle on a thunderbolt.

CHALCEDON, a lyre between two olive trees.

CARDIA, a heart, the fore-part of a lion, a lion and ear of barley. THASSUS, a branch of vine.

EGAL, an ass suckling a Chimæra.

AMPHIPOLIS, a trophy.

LARISSA, Sometimes in the indented square a man overpowering

a bull.

APOLLONIA (Illyria), a cow suckling a calf.

AXIA (Locris), a thunderbolt.

THESPIE, a lyre with a laurel garland.

ELEUSIS, a SOW.

LACEDEMON, a club and the inscription within a garland.

GAULOS (island), a tripod.

CENE (island), a griffon and a grasshopper.

SARDINIA, three ears of corr on one stalk.

OLBIA, an eagle with a fish, other and very various types. Fer

Didot.

ISTRUS, an eagle with a dolphin in its talons.

ABDERA, a lyre, a griffon.

BYZANTIUM, a crescent and stars.

MARONEA, bunch of grapes, a fore-part of a horse.

MESEMBRIA, a crescent.

VELIA, a lion.

ZACYNTHUS, Esculapius sitting on a rock and placing his right hand

on a serpent.

ZANCLE, a dolphin, or sometimes a sickle, or as some describe
it, the semicircular port of a maritime town.

BRUTIUM, Sometimes a naked warrior, the dioscuri, an eagle, &c.
CAMARINA, Sometimes a lizard.

LEONTINI, a female figure holding two ears of corn.
MAMERTINI, a naked warrior with lance and buckler.
PANORMUS, a horse, &c.

SEGESTA, a dog beneath a globe.

SYRACUSE, a winged sea-dog, a dolphin, a quadriga, &c.
ORTHOSIA, a panther.

CHAPTER VII.

REGAL COINS OF THE GREEK SERIES.

OF THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN AUTONOMOUS AND

REGAL COINS.

THE coins previously described in this work have been principally such as belonged to what is termed the autonomous class; that is to say, such as were struck by republican states and free cities, and bore simply religious or national types.

Regal coins are distinguished from these in numismatic classification, as, being such as bear the name, and subsequently the portrait of a prince, in addition to, and sometimes to the exclusion of, national types; as those issued by