6

was afterwards presented. To the virtues of this parent, his son has borne affectionate testimony in his sketch of the Preacher in the Deserted Village,' where he is generally supposed to have described the character of his brother Henry, but according to the tradition in his own family, the poet intended it for a portrait, and it is said to be a faithful one, of his father.1 Such a tribute is alike creditable to the filial piety of Goldsmith, and to the man whose worth originally suggested so exquisite a model of primitive simplicity and Christian charity. He is also understood to have been the archetype of the Man in Black, mentioned in the Citizen of the World;'' and, perhaps, some additional traits of his character might be traced in the simple-hearted and benevolent Vicar of Wakefield. The only other relation whom our author has commemorated in his works, is his eldest brother Henry, who adopted his father's profession, and inherited much of his amiable and unostentatious character, together with a slight portion of that imprudence which seems to have been a family characteristic; for he married at the early age of nineteen, and, retiring to a country curacy, disappointed those sanguine expectations which his friends had formed of his future career, from the talent and learning which he is said to have displayed at college. For this brother, to whose good offices and liberality he had frequent occasion to appeal in the earlier part of his life, Goldsmith always entertained the warmest affection: he inscribed to him his ‘Traveller' in a strain of respectful fondness; he frequently consulted him about his literary plans; and, in 1767, when the Earl, afterwards Duke of Northumberland, who had just then been appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, invited the poet to an interview, and offered him his protection, he declined asking any favour for himself, but recommended his brother Henry to his patronage."

His father, who had already stretched his slender means to secure a liberal education for his eldest son, destined Oliver for some mercantile employment. He was accordingly sent to a sort of hedge-school in the parish, for the purpose of being initiated in the necessary branches of reading, writing, and arithmetic.

1 Narrative of Mrs. Hodson, Goldsmith's sister. See 'Life' by Percy.

2 Letters 13, 26, &c.

3 Sir John Hawkins's 'Life of Johnson,' 2nd ed., 1787, p. 419. See also p. 24 of the present 'Life of Goldsmith.'

1

2

His preceptor, of whom the schoolmaster in the 'Deserted Village' is supposed to be a faithful portrait, was an eccentric fellow, an old soldier who had served Queen Anne in Spain, during the War of the Succession; and from this learned vagabond, who encouraged his pupil's love of the marvellous by strange stories of his own travels and military adventures, young Goldsmith is said to have imbibed those wandering propensities and unsettled habits which formed so remarkable a feature of his character through life. Under such a master, his proficiency in learning was probably not very great. It is said, however, that, even at this early period, he gave such indications of talent, as encouraged his friends to alter his original destination, and educate him for one of the learned professions. This plan was first proposed by his mother, with whom he was always a favourite; and the chief objection to it being removed by an offer, on the part of some of his relations, to bear a portion of the expense, it received the sanction of his father; the more readily, perhaps, that the youthful poet had already begun to manifest irregularities of temper and conduct, which threatened to disqualify him for the quiet routine of business. He was accordingly withdrawn from the humble seminary of his military friend, and placed under the care of the Rev. Mr. Griffin, at Elphin: he was afterwards removed to. Athlone; and lastly, to Edgeworthstown, in the county of Longford, where he studied under the Rev. Mr. Hughes, preparatory to his being sent to the University. It was on his journey to the last-mentioned school, that he is said3 to have himself met with the adventure which suggested the groundwork of his comedy 'She Stoops to Conquer,' where 'the lover mistakes the house of his mistress's father for an inn. Having inquired of one Kelly, an itinerant fencing-master, whom he fell in with by the way, which was the best house in the neighbourhood, meaning the best inn, Kelly, wilfully mistaking his meaning, directed him to the squire's, where he soon after arrived; and, with all the importance of a youth who, for the first time, found himself his own master with money in his pocket, having

1 Mrs. Hodson's Narrative.

4

2 Particularly the Rev. Mr. Contarine and the Rev. Mr. Green. 3 Mrs. Hodson's Narrative.

4 In Dramatic Table Talk,' vol. iii., this gentleman is stated to have been Sir Ralph Featherstone, on the alleged authority of Sir Ralph's son. See also the Rev. Mr. Graham's speech on the anniversary of Goldsmith's birthday, Appendix to this 'Life.'

left his horse to be taken care of by a servant, who naturally supposed the young traveller had come on a visit to his master, he marched into the house, where he found the owner of the mansion, and ordered him to get ready a good supper. The gentleman at once perceived his mistake, but on ascertaining the name of his youthful guest, being an acquaintance of his father, he resolved to humour the jest. Young Goldsmith, with the extravagant liberality which so strongly marked his character in after life, invited his landlord, together with his wife and two daughters, to sup with him; and after spending a happy evening with them, retired to rest, having previously ordered a hot cake to be prepared for his breakfast. It was not till next morning, when he called for his bill, that he was informed of his mistake. Such is the story, probably exaggerated, if indeed it had any foundation in fact.

In June, 1745, he was sent to Dublin, and entered Trinity College as a sizar,' which implies that he had attained more than the usual proficiency in regard to previous study. Here, however, his progress was not so distinguished as might have been expected from a mind of great acuteness, and feelingly alive to the admiration which is secured by successful exertion. This has been ascribed to his misfortune in being placed under a tutor of harsh temper and violent passions, whose system of discipline appears to have been unnecessarily rigorous, and, in the case of Goldsmith, singularly injudicious. Upon one occasion, this gentleman thought proper to inflict corporal punishment on his pupil, then a youth of eighteen, in the presence of some young friends of both sexes, whom, with his characteristic indiscretion, he had invited to a supper and dance in his room. Indignant at receiving such treatment, he immediately disposed of his books and part of his clothes, and, privately leaving college, commenced the life of a wanderer.3 What little money he had was soon spent, and he now discovered the imprudence of having thrown himself upon the world, without friends, fortune, or prospects. He subsisted for some days on his last shilling, and

College Record.'

2 By Dr. Percy, Sir Egerton Brydges, Shaw Mason, Dr. Wilson, &c., and later by Prior and Forster. For some account, and some defence, of Wilder see our Appendix to this 'Life.'-ED.

3 His first intention was to get on ship-board at Cork, and quit his native country for ever.

after this was spent, experienced such extremity of hunger, that a handful of peas, which he received from a country girl at a wake, was considered by him as a luxurious meal. He at length adopted the prudent resolution of making his situation known to his brother Henry, who immediately supplied him with such necessaries as he required, and, carrying him back to college, effected an accommodation between him and his tutor, Mr. Wilder. This reconciliation, however convenient for both parties, was probably not very cordial on either side: the ingenuous nature of Goldsmith entitled him to more generous treatment than he appears to have received; while, on the other hand, his extreme thoughtlessness and repeated irregularities must have given frequent and just provocation to a man of hasty temper and bigoted to the strict observance of college rules. But on whichever side the fault lay, it is certain that the differences between tha tutor and his pupil had a very unfavourable influence on the studies of the latter; for he was not admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, till February, 1749.1 It has, indeed, been hinted, that his tardy progress at College ought to be ascribed less to the neglect of his tutor and his own irregular habits, than to an original slowness of parts which gave no early promise of future excellence. According to Dr. Johnson, "Goldsmith was a plant that flowered late; and this opinion has been adopted by several of his biographers, but apparently without sufficient consideration. His claims to superior scholarship were never called in question by those who knew him best and judged him most severely; and, indeed, his writings furnish sufficient evidence that his mind was deeply imbued with classical literature. We have no reason to believe, however, that such studies occupied much of his attention after leaving Dublin; his natural indolence, and the early necessity of directing his attention to pursuits more immediately profitable, render the supposition altogether improbable: we are therefore entitled to conclude, that his acquirements in this respect were made either at Mr. Hughes's seminary or at college, and that at one or both he must have been a successful, if not a distinguished student. We have also the testimony of his fellow-student, Edmund Burke, to his having displayed very considerable talent while at college;3 and

1 Dr. Wilson of Trinity College.

2 Boswell's 'Life of Johnson,' Bohn's ed., vol. vi., p. 309.
3 Boswell's Life of Johnson,' vol. vi., p. 309.

3

the still more decisive evidence of Archdeacon Kearney, formerly senior fellow of Trinity College, by which it appears, that Goldsmith obtained a premium at a Christmas examination,' a distinction which is esteemed peculiarly honourable, because it ascertains the person who receives it to be the first in literary merit; while at the other quarterly examinations, a premium is sometimes given to the second best answerer, when the person who answers best has previously obtained that honour.2 He was also, June 15, 1747, elected an exhibitioner on the foundation of Erasmus Smyth. The truth appears to be, that while Goldsmith's talents were not, even in those days, unappreciated, his unsettled character and idle habits prevented his obtaining those academical distinctions which are the reward of painful assiduity and continued exertion: and, after all, those who are acquainted with colleges will not, in their estimate of abilities, be disposed to attach undue importance to academical honours, which, though generally admitted as evidence of scholarship, are perhaps as frequently conferred on plodding mediocrity, as on superior talent. Several of Goldsmith's college exercises, however, were much admired; especially some of his translations from Horace, which procured him the favourable notice of his superiors, and perhaps saved him from the rigorous punishment which his delinquencies merited. Upon one occasion, he was engaged in a very serious riot, which ended in the expulsion of some of his companions from the University; but he escaped with the milder punishment of a public admonition,* in which he is charged with having abetted the conspiracy, and given assistance to the rioters.5

Goldsmith's father having died in 1747, the young man's friends wished, on his obtaining his degree, in 1749, he being then in his twenty-first year, to have him prepared for holy orders, as they had hopes of being able to provide for him in the church; but this was a destination to which he himself had always felt a decided aversion. He was prevailed upon, however, to apply for licence, but was rejected by Dr. Synge, then Bishop of Elphin, ostensibly on account of his youth, thought it is not improbable that the candidate's questionable reputation, and 1 Boswell's 'Life of Johnson,' vol. ii., p. 189. 2 Malone. 3 Rev. Mr. Wolfen. 5 Quod seditioni favisset et tumultuantibus opem tulisset. These are the words of the sentence, as quoted by Dr. Wilson.

4 May 25, 1747.