Tarry Forester. While passing the winter at Philadelphia with a clerical friend, the Rev. Mr. Gillette, Miss Chubbuck became acquainted with Dr. Judson, the celebrated Baptist missionary. He had recently lost his second wife, and applied to the young author to write her biography. Intimacy in the preparation of the work led to such mutual liking that the pair were married not long after, in July, 1846, and sailed immediately for India. They arrived at the missionaries' residence at Maulmain, where they resided until Dr. Judson fell sick, and was ordered home by his physicians His wife was unable to accompany him, and hẹ embarked in a very weak state in the early part of 1850 for America. He died at sea on the twelfth of April of the same year. His widow returned not long after, her own health impaired by an Eastern climate, and after lingering a few months, died on the first of June, 1854. Mrs. Judson was the author of Alderbrook, a Collection of Fanny Forester's Village Sketches and Poems, in two volumes, published in 1846. A Biographical Sketch of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson, 1849. An Olio of Domestic Verses, 1852, a collection of her poems; How to be Great, Good, and Happy, a volume designed for children; a small prose volume, My Two Sisters, a Ske ch from Memory, and a number of other poems and prose sketches for various periodicals. sprightliness and tenderness of Mrs. Judson's early sketches gained her a reputation which was rapidly extended by her subsequent publications, especially by those embodying, in a simple and unostentatious manner, her wider experiences of life as the wife of a missionary. The modest The title of her collection of poems is an indication of her character, but should not be suffered to overshadow the inerits of the choice contents of the book. One of the latest productions of Mrs. Judson's pen was an admirable letter in defence of her children's property in her deceased husband's literary remains a spirited and well-reasoned assertion of the rights of literary property, called forth by the publication of a rival and unauthorized biography. Fan the sick air; And pityingly the shadows come and go, Compassionate and dumb. The dusty day is done, The night begun ; While prayerful watch I keep. Sleep, love, sleep! Is there no magic in the touch Of fingers thou dost love so much? Fain would they scatter poppies o'er thee now, The tremulous lip its own nepenthe press On the pagod. spire Their little golden circles in a flutter With tales the wooing winds have dared to utter, Till all are singing As if a choir Of golden-nested birds in heaven were singing; And with a lulling sound The music floats around, And drops like balm into the drowsy ear; Of the Sepoy's distant drum, The lizard with his mouse-like eyes, And looks about, And with his hollow feet, In such a tricksy, winsome sort of way, The bells a melancholy murmur ring, More heavily the shadows fall, Where juts the rough beam from the wall; With fresher gusts of air; The beetle's drone Turns to a dirge-like solitary moan ; Night deepens, and I sit, in cheerless doubt, alone. ANNE CHARLOTTE BOTTA. ANNE C. LYNCH was born at Bennington, Vermont. Her father, at the age of sixteen, joined the United Irishmen of his native country, and was an active participant in the rebellion of 1798. He was offered pardon and a commission in the English army on the condition of swearing allegiance to the British government. On his refusal, he was imprisoned for four years, and then banished. He came to America, married, and died in Cuba during a journey undertaken for the benefit of his health, a few years after the birth of his daugh ter. After receiving an excellent education at a ladies' seminary in Albany, Miss Lynch removed to Providence, where she edited, in 1841, the Rhode Island Book, a tasteful selection from the writings of the authors of that state. She soon after came to the city of New York, where she has since resided. A collection of her poems, choicely illustrated, was published in 1848. In 1855, Miss Lynch was married to Mr. Vi Anne C Lynch cenzo Botta, formerly Professor of Philosophy in the Royal Colleges of the University of Turin, and member of the National Parliament. ** In 1860, Mrs. Botta published the HandBook of Universal Literature. This systematic and concise work, based on the standard critical authorities, gives an attractive outline of the immortal authors and works of all ages and countries. Mr. Vicenzo Botta, Ph. D., who is now Professor of the Italian Language and Literature in the University of the City of New York, has printed: a Discourse on the Life, Character, and Policy of Count Cavour, 1862; and Dante as Philosopher, Patriot, and Poet, with an Analysis of the Divina Commedia, Its Plots and Episodes, 1865. He is the author of a work on Public Education in Germany, written in Italian. THOUGHTS IN A LIBRARY. Speak low-tread softly through these halls; The monarchs of the mind. A mighty spirit host they come, Oh, child of Earth! when round thy path And when thy brothers pass thee by Here shall the poets chant for thee ΤΟ WITH FLOWERS, Go, ye sweet messengers, To that dim-lighted room Where lettered wisdom from the walls Sheds a delightful gloom. Where sits in thought profound One in the noon of life, Whose flashing eye and fevered brow Tell of the inward strife; Who in those wells of lore Seeks for the pearl of truth, Go in your fleeting loveliness, Tell him in laurel wreaths No perfume e'er is found, Thoughts fresh as your own hues Speak of the sunshine and the sky PARKE GODWIN. PARKE GODWIN was born at Paterson, New Jersey, February 25, 1816. His father was an offi cer of the war of 1812, and his grandfather a soldier of the Revolution. He was educated at Kinderhook, and entered Princeton College in 1831, where he was graduated in 1834. He then studied law at Paterson, N. J., and having removed to the West, was admitted to practice in Kentucky, but did not pursue the profession. In 1837, he became assistant editor of the Evening Post, in which position he remained, with a single year excepted, to the close of 1853-thirteen years of active editorial life. In February, 1843, Mr. Godwin commenced the publication of a weekly, political, and literary Journal, somewhat on the plan of Mr. Leggett's Plaindealer, entitled "The Pathfinder.” Mr. John Bigelow, afterward associated with Mr. Bryant in the proprietorship and editorship of the Post, and the author of a volume of travels, Jamaica in 1850, contributed a number of articles to this journal. Though well conducted in all its departments, it was continued but about three months, when it was dropped with the fifteenth number. During the period of Mr. Godwin's connexion with the Post, be sides his constant articles in the journal, he was a frequent contributor to the Democratic Review. where numerous papers on free trade, political economy, democracy, course of civilization, the poetry of Shelley, and the series on law reformers, Bentham, Edward Livingston, and others; and the discussion of the subject of Law Reform, in which the measures taken in the state of New York were anticipated, are from his pen. He has since written a similar series of papers on the public questions of the day, in Putnam's Monthly Magazine, with which he was prominently connected. In 1850 he published a fanciful illustrated tale, entitled Vala, in which he turned his acquaintance with the quaint mythologies of the north, and the poetic arts connecting the world of imagination with the world of reality, to the illustration of incidents in the life of Jenny Lind. It is a succession of pleasant pictures constructed with much ingenuity. The volume was published in quarto with illustrations, by the author's friends, Hicks, Rossiter, Wolcott, and Whitley. Another proof of Mr. Godwin's acquaintance with German literature, is his translation of Goethe's Autobiography, published by Wiley in New York, and adopted by Bohn in London; and of a series of the tales of Zschokke. He has written besides a popular account of Fourier's writings, and a small volume on Constructive Democracy. Mr. Godwin published in 1858 a volume of Political Essays from contributions to Putnam's Magazine, to which we have already made allusion. Since the discontinuance of that periodical he has been employed in the preparation of a History of France, the first volume of which, treating of "Ancient Gaul," appeared in the spring of 1860. The author's plan contemplates, he informs us in the preface, a narrative of the principal events in French history, from the earliest recorded times to the outbreak of the great Revolution of 1789. That a work to be published at intervals may possess a certain unity in the several portions, it is to be divided into periods--namely, Ancient Gaul, terminating with the era of Charlemagne; Feudal France, closing with St. Louis; France during the national, civil, and religious wars: France under the great ministers (Sully, Mazarin, Richelieu); the Reign of Louis XIV.; and the Eighteenth Century. In the preparation of the first portion the author has found ample materials in the publications of the Benedictines and the late eminent French historians, of which he has availed himself with tact and industry. "Fortunately," he says, "the reproach addressed to America by the late Justice Story, I believe, that it contained no library in which a student might verify the notes of Gibbon, is no longer deserved. There are now many libraries here, both public and private, in which this could be done, and, chief among them, the Astor Library of New York, to which the scholarship of our country owes a debt of endless gratitude." The style of Mr. Godwin's work is eminently picturesque and animated. It is written in a philosophic spirit, with minute attention to details in the illustration of all that is important in the progress of a nation from barbarism to civilization. ** A new edition of Mr. Godwin's Cyclopedia of Biography was issued in 1865. He has also published Out of the Past (Critical and Literary Essays), 1870. This collection of thoughtful and suggestive essays was made "out of the anonymous and desultory writing of many years." These papers begin with an article on Bryant's Poems," contributed to the Democratic Review in 1839, and end with that entitled "Emerson on England," in Putnam's Magazine, 1856. Especially noticeable are those on "Journalism," "The Last Half-Century," "American Authorship," and on Thackeray, Goethe, Ruskin, and Motley's Dutch Republic. A similar issue of his political and social papers is contemplated. He has also in preparation the second volume of his History of France. At present (1873) Mr. Godwin is again associated with Mr. Bryant in the editorship of the New York Evening Post. JOURNALISM FROM OUT OF THE PAST. The community should require its editors to be intellectual men. By this we mean, men who should possess both power of thought and facility of expression. The first is needed because it is incumbent upon them to grapple with difficult questions; the second, because they are to make those questions plain to minds of every cast. All that interests men as members of a social and political body-the measures of parties, the relations of States, the merits of laws, the pretensions of artists, the schemes of projectors, the movements of reformers, the characters of politicians all are, in turn, themes of newspaper controversy and remark. Politics, international and municipal law, political economy, moral and social science, and the art of reading individual character, must be understood by the editor- and not only understood, but explained. He must have that clear insight into general principles, and that familiarity with details, which will enable him to speak with clearness, originality, and decision. Topics, moreover, are often sprung upon him with the suddenness of surprise-topics in which are involved the happiness of immense numbers of people, who look to him for information and guidance. His faculties, fully prepared and rightly disciplined, must be at his command. He must stand ready, with argument, with illustration, with eloquence, to awaken the dull, to convince the doubting, to move the inert, and to instruct and interest the more enlightened. But, to do this effectually, he must be at once a patient thinker, a profound scholar, and a practised writer. He must have accomplished his mind by the observation of mankind, by the reading of books, and by habits of quick and appropriate expression. He must, above all, be penetrated by that deep Christian philosophy which estimates all questions in their bearing upon the most exalted and permanent interests of human nature. The community should require of its editors that they be firm and independent men. Force of will is no less necessary to them than greatness of thought. Few men have more temptations to an expedient and vacillating course. Regarded by many, and often regarding themselves, as the mere hacks of party, or mere instruments of gratification to prevailing passions, they are not expected to exhibit a fervent zeal in the prosecution of great ends. Like advocates paid by a client to carry a particular point, they are supposed to have fulfilled their obligations when they have made the worse appear the better reason. In many instances, if they have succeeded in embarrassing an adversary, if they have covered an opponent with ridicule, if they have given a plausible aspect to falsehood, if they have assisted a schemer in imposing upon credulous or ignorant people, if they have been faithful to the interests of their employers, they are clapped upon the shoulders as serviceable fellows, and rewarded with a double allowance of governmental or mercantile patronage. The notion that the press has a worthier destiny, seems hardly to cross their minds. That it should become a fountain of truth and moral influence; that it should take its stand upon some high and good principle, to assert it boldly, in the face of all opposition; that it should strive to carry it out with the earnestness of a missionary, with the self-denial of a martyr, despising as well the bribes of those who would seduce it, as the threats of those who would terrify it, acknowledging no allegiance to any power but justice in a word, be willing to face danger and death in the discharge of duty is an intrepidity which, we fear, to most of the managers of public journals would seem to the last degree chimerical. Yet it is an end for which they should strive. No less than this should society require of them; nothing less than this can render them worthy of the trust which is committed to their keeping. **THE LAST HALF-CENTURY FROM OUT OF THE PAST.* The half-century which has just closed has been one of prodigious movement and significance. Seldom, if ever, has the world seen a fifty years of equal moment. Every day of it almost has [ teemed with great events with events not of transient or local, but of deep and world-wide interest. Those years have been fertile also in great men, and not in any single walk of human exertion, but in all departments, in literature, philosophy, war, statesmanship, and practical enterprise. The last half-century, therefore, we call an age of great moment and significance- because it has been a time of grand events. a destructive, and yet a prolific period in which so many things have gone out and so many other things come in, so many horrible errors and prejudices been killed, and so many new and beautiful truths born — that mankind, we believe, to the end of their days, will rejoice in this period. They will turn to it in after ages, as we now turn to the age of the Greek dramatists, to the Apostolic age, to the age of Shakspeare, to the Reformation, to the scientific years of the sixteenth century, etc., as to a great fructifying season of the race when humanity was more than ordinarily genial, and shot up into new growths and blossomed into a more luxuriant bloom. Its mighty political changes, its varied and novel discoveries in science, its stupendous applications of art, the richness and universality of its literature, the spread and ramifications of its trade, and the lofty moral enterprises it has begun, are the characteristics of its eminence the tokens and titles of its glory. . How many and what brilliant names pass before us when we recall the literary history of the period of time under review? of time under review? As we hurriedly travel down the vista, it seems as if our eyes swept the heavens when the night is glorious with stars. Each object is in itself a world, radiating from its single centre beams of many-colored light, while the whole, gathered into constellations, or poured along the skies in galaxies, floods the air with its illumination. Scott, and Wordsworth, and Byron, and Shelley, and Keates, and Southey, and Coleridge-and what multitudes of others, of scarcely inferior genius: Goethe, the Schlegels, Tieck, Heine, Hoffman, Freiligrath, Tegner, Chateaubriand, De Staël, De Genlis, Hugo, Lamartine, Sand, Guizot, Thierry, Michelet, Sismondi, Manzoni, Carlyle, Macaulay, Dickens, Thackeray, Hood, Emerson, Irving, Bryant, Hawthorne, and a host of lesser lights, many of them gone out, but the most of them still active in their various spheres of influence! Who shall compute their numbers; who estimate the amount and variety of the intellectual wealth they have contributed to the common treasury of the world; or who describe the extent and intensity of the delight they have spread? Modern literature, while it has degenerated in but a single branch, falling short in its dramatic efforts, of the splendid execution of the Greek dramatists and of the noble vigor and pathos of the age of Shakspeare, has yet made the most rapid advances in almost every other. In the art of writing history, Niebuhr, Guizot, Arnold, and Macaulay have little to learn from Herodotus, Thucydides, and Tacitus. Esthetics, or artistic criticism, has reached a depth of insight, and a breadth of critical principle which show an immeasurable superiority; while the century may be said to have originated the style of periodical writing, and the infinite fecundity of prose fiction. It is true, there had been Guardians, Spectators, * From the New York Evening Post, Jan. 1, 1851. Gentlemen's Magazines, and Critical Reviews, before the establishment of the Edinburgh Review (1802), but they were mere penny whistles of thought and criticism compared with the trumpet blasts of our recent quarterlies. It is true, also, that Cervantes, Rabelais, Le Sago, Boccaccio, Bunyan, Defoe, Swift, and Fielding had written stories before the mighty Wizard of the North began to pour out of his inexhaustible fount, that series of tales in which he almost rivals Shakspeare in the creation of character, and surpasses Lope De Vega in fertility of invention. But the peculiar distinction of our time is, that while those immortal narrators illustrated at distant intervals, and each by himself, the age in which he lived, the fruitful effort of Scott was but the beginning of an activity that has gone on widening and extending its influences, until novels have become an article of daily production and daily luxury. Every well-educated man or woman is a reader of them; and almost every well-educated man or woman a writer. Expatiating over every subject-illuminating history, science, government, and religion, as well as the manners and customs of all classes of the people-invading all realms of earth and air, and, at times, even the bottomless abysses, they have opened new worlds of thought and sentiment, and purveyed to millions of minds an infinite diversity of nourishment and pleasure. But, in addition to this rapid and multifarious development of certain kinds of writings, our age has witnessed the creation of an almost entire national literature. Germany, which in literary productiveness and vigor is now the foremost nation, was scarcely known to the rest of Europe at the beginning of this century. Saving Luther, and a few other reformers, her writers were mostly of a jejune and imitative class, who withered under an emasculate dependence on Roman and French models. But with the advent of Wieland, Lessing, Herder, and especially of Goethe and Schillernearly all of whose efforts date since the French revolution her literature has expanded until it has finally become the most fruitful source of modern culture. In any one year now, it produces more sound learning, more useful science, more genuine criticism, and more beautiful fiction than it was usual to produce in whole centuries before. Another striking peculiarity in the literary history of the time is, that literary men of different nations are becoming more and more acquainted with all that is grand or beautiful in their respective productions. The barriers of ignorance which formerly separated them are thrown down, and they begin to regard themselves, for the first time, as a real Republic of Letters, consecrated to the loftiest purposes, and laying up for all mankind an indestructible inheritance of Beauty and Truth. No Père Bowhours, as Carlyle says, now inquires whether a German can possibly "possess a soul;" no Voltaire ridicules Shakspeare as a huge Gilles de Foires, or drunken savage; no English critic describes Goethe or Schiller as mere master-workers in a great stagnant pool of indecency and dulness. The once exclusive treasures of the nations are thrown open to common possession, and the mind of each people, confessing the characteristic worth of all the others, finds everywhere traits of excellence and nobleness. It finds that we all live by one human heart, and are advancing in different ways to the same great goal of human elevation. Yet the tendencies of modern literature are shown quite as strongly by another fact, which is, that it aims to become universal, both in the subjects it handles and in the persons to whom it is addressed. It seeks for its materials, as its recipients, on every side; no longer confined to a narrow list of time-consecrated themes, it expands itself to broader and more general interests. It has learned the inestimable secret, that no object in the universe is unworthy of note, that nothing which concerns the human heart is either low or trivial or commonplace. It sees that every sprig which falls to the ground is connected with that wonderful Tree of Life, whose roots, ramifying through the earth, make the solid foundation of the globe, while its branches, growing year by year, reach up to the topmost heaven. It sees that every emotion in the meanest human soul is the emotion of an infinite spirit, susceptible of an infinite happiness or infinite fall. It reverences the whole of Nature; but, above all, it sympathizes with the whole of Man. It strives to reveal the beauty and the grandeur there is in all existence; and to show how rich in delight and nobleness are the lowly and the habitual, even more than the lofty and distant. Behind the realities of daily routine and toil, we are made to see an exhaustless ideal world, glorious in enchantments and fertile with every joy. Our homes and poorest social duties are filled with dignity, and our mother earth, trodden and trailed in the dust as she has been, raised to her proper place among the planets of the skies. Consider, again, the unexampled rapidity with which literature has been diffused! Consider that the nineteenth century has been the teeming age of the printing-press-the age of cheap books and cheaper newspapers- the age when infant, and Sunday, and ragged, and free, and classical schools, have taught multitudes of all classes to read. In Germany alone any year's book fair would exhibit more new publications than was contained in many an ancient world-famous library. One leading publisher now will often have upon his shelves a larger variety of books than would have supplied the reading of the world a century ago. Every day the groaning press pours out its thousands of volumes. Not light, trashy, or worthless works; on the contrary, the best specimens of the best literatures of all ages. The choicest treasures of ancient art the ample tomes of the learned eras the sacred classics of England's ripest period-books of science, of research, of antiquities, of criticism, of philosophical inquiry and theological disquisition-mingled with an overwhelming profusion of travels, biographies, essays, poems, novels, pamphlets, and tracts-are issued and reissued till one wonders how the world contains them all. What books fail to hold, overflows into the periodical and the newspaper. A single print now will circulate among its fifty thousand subscribers, and be read daily by twice that number of persons; yet there are hundreds of these penny prints. A single religious society will send the words of Paul or John to a greater number of minds in seven days than Paul or John could have preached to had they preached incessantly for seven times seven years. All the pulpits in the city do not address, once a week, a congregation as large as that daily addressed by half a dozen editors. So swift and prolific, in short, are the multiplying energies of the press, that it alone would have placed the people of the |