Major General of the Northern Division. He served at various times with the militia on garrison and active duty within the State. He commanded the post of Paola, in southern Kansas, during the invasion of Missouri by Sterling Price, and took part in that campaign. At the close of the war, he had attained the military rank of brigadier-general. In 1871 Mr. Drake returned to Massachusetts, and he now resides at Melrose. His Old Landmarks and Historic Personages of Boston, was published in 1872 (12mo., pp. 484, with illustrations). It has been characterized as one of the most entertaining books of the class to which it belongs, and has had a large sale. TRINITY COLLEGE, THE charter of Washington (now Trinity) College, in Connecticut, was obtained in 1823. It was given at the request of members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. At several intervals in the earlier history of the state, application had been made to the Legislature for a charter without success. It was requisite that thirty thousand dollars should be subscribed as an endowment. Fifty thousand were readily obtained, "by offering to the larger towns the privilege of fair and laudalle competition for its location, when Hartford, never wanting in public spirit and generous cutlays, gained the victory over her sister cities." The college buildings were commenced at Hartford in June, 1824, and recitations were held in the autumn of the same year. The first president of the institution was the Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Connecticut, Dr. Thomas C. Brownell, who held the station for seven years, till 1831. On his retirement he was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. N. S. Wheaton, who presided over its fortunes for five years, till 1837. The Hobart Professorship of Belles-Lettres and Oratory was endowed at this time in the sum of twenty thousand dollars, subscribed by members of the Episcopal Church in New York. In 1835 more than one hundred thousand dollars had been raised for this institution, ninety thousand of which had been given by individuals. The state made a grant of eleven thousand dollars. The next incumbent of the presidency was the Rev. Dr. Silas Totten (later professor of William and Mary), who at the time of his choice was professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the college. His administration lasted twelve years, during which the endowment of the Seabury Professorship of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy was completed and Brownell Hall erected. In 1845 the title of the college was changed, by an act of the legislature, to Trinity College. In this period statutes were enacted by the trustees, modelled after a feature in the English universities, mitting the superintendence of the course of study and discipline to a Board of Fellows, and empowering specified members of the Senatus Academicus, as the House of Convocation, to assemble under their own rules, and to consult and advise for the interests and benefit of the college."* The object of this general external organization was to secure the co-operation and counsel of the alumni * Beardsley's Historical Address, p. 17. com of the institution, all of whom are members of the House of Convocation, which includes the president, fellows, and professors. The Board of Fellows is composed of leading men in the church specially interested in the welfare of the college. They are the official examiners, report on degrees, and propose amendments of the statutes to the trustees. There are alo a chancellor and visiter, who superintend the religious interests: an office which has been thus far filled by the bishop of the diocese. Dr. Totten, on his retirement, was succeeded in 1849 by the Rev. John Williams, a descendant of the family which gave the Rev. Elisha Williams as a president to Yale. Two years after Dr. Williams was elected assistant bishop of the diocese of Connecticut. In 1854 the Rev. Dr. Daniel Rogers Goodwin, formerly professor of modern languages at Bowdoin, succeeded to the presidency. Many eminent men have been connected with the institution as professors and lecturers. The Rev. Dr. S. F. Jarvis held a professorship of Oriental Literature; Horatio Potter, now bishop of the diocese of New York, of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy-a professorship held also by Mr. Charles Davies, author of the extensive series of mathematical text-books generally in use throughout the country. The Rev. Dr. Thomas W. Coit, the learned author of Puritanism, or a Churchman's Defence against its Aspersions by an Appeal to its Own History, has been professor of Ecclesiastical History; and the Hon. W. W. Ellsworth, professor of Law.* ** In 1860, Dr. Goodwin resigned the presi dency to become provost of the University of Pennsylvania. He was succeeded by Samuel Eliot, LL. D., author of the History of Liberty. Four years later the latter was followed by Dr. John Barrett Kerfoot, who was consecrated Bishop of Pittsburg in 1866. Rev. Abner Jackson, LL. D., was inaugurated president in June, 1867. The trustees of Trinity College recently sold its present site of thirteen acres-originally in the country, but now within the limits of the city of Hartford to the city authorities, for the erection of a State House. The price paid was six hundred thousand dollars in cash, with the privilege of continuing to occupy the main buildings for a term of five years. The trustees, who do not expect to build for several years, have several appropriate locations under consideration, and intend to purchase from fortytwo to ninety-five acres. It is designed to place the new college buildings within an ornamental park; and President Jackson has lately devoted several months in Europe to the study of collegiate architecture, that the authorities may be aided in the erection of a group of buildings that shall, in convenience and beauty, be unsurpassed by other structures. In all respects, Trinity College is flourishing. *We are indebted for the materials of this notice of Trinity College to the excellent Historical Address pronounced before the House of Convocation of Trinity College, in Christ Church, Hartford, in 1851, by the Rev. E. E. Beardsley, rector of St. Thomas's Church, New Haven, and from time to time in the Churchman's Almanac. Its faculty embraces a corps of fourteen professors and four lecturers. Its library contains about ten thousand volumes, and has for its steady increase the income from an aggregate fund of twenty-seven thousand dollars. A number of scholarships exist for the benefit of indigent students, besides numerous prizes open to general competition. The triennial catalogue of 1872 states the whole number who have received degrees at 967, of whom 758 are living. Its alumni reach 649, with 518 survivors, and 226 of its graduates have entered the ministry. in July, 1833, and so far complete l as to be occupied in 1836. It was formally dedicated "to the purposes of Science, Literature, and Religion," on the twentieth of May, 1837. The building occupies the front of an entire block of ground, facing the Washington Parade Ground, and was the first introduction, on any considerable scale, of the English collegiate style of architecture. It contains, in addition to a large and elaborately decorated chapel, and spacious lecture halls, a number of apartments not at present required for the purposes of education, a portion of which are now occupied by the valuable library of the New York Historical Society and the American Geographical Society. The erection of this building, and the period of commercial depression which followed its commencement, weighed heavily on the fortunes of the young institution. By the devotion of its professors, however, who continued to occupy their respective chairs at reduced salaries, its instructions have been steadily maintained. Various appeals to the public for pecuniary aid have been liberally responded to, and by a vigorous effort on the part of the active Chancellor, the Rev. Isaac Ferris, the long pressing incubus of debt has been entirely removed. THE UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. THIS institution owes its origin to the exertions of a few gentlemen of the city of New York, among whom were the Rev. J. M. Mathews, afterwards Chancellor of the University, and the Rev. Jonathan M. Wainwright, of whom we have already spoken. A pamphlet was prepared after several conversational discussions of the plan, which was printed with the title, "Considerations upon the Expediency and the Means of Establishing a University in the City of New York." This was read at a meeting of the friends of education, held on the sixth of January, 1830, in the The foundations of the institution were laid on building since known as the New City Hall, and a broad and liberal basis, contemplating instrucadopted as an expression of the views of the assembly. A charter of incorporation was obtained tion in every department of learning, with the in 1831, by which the government of the Univer- exception of a school of theology, this omission being made to avoid any charge of sectarianism. A sity was confided to a Council of thirty-two membars, chosen by the stockholders of the institu- large number of professors were appointed, among whom the institution had the honor of numbering tion, with the addition of the Mayor and four members of the Common Council of the city.partments of science which have since given him S. F. B. Morse, whose early experiments in the de The University of the City of New York. The University commenced its instructions in October, 1882, with seven professors and fortytwo students, in rooms hired for the purpose in Clinton Hall. The first class, consisting of three students, was graduated in 1833, and the first public commencement held in 1834 in the Middle Dutch Church in Nassau street. Steps were immediately taken for the erection of a suitable edifice, and the edifice was commenced Dr. Jackson published in 1871 a Baccalaureate Sermon on The Holy Scriptures, the Teacher of Wisdom. Prof. John Brocklesby, LL. D., is the author of Elements of Physical Geography, 1868, and Elements of Astronomy, revised edition, 1870. Prof. Thomas R. Pynchon, D. D., has issued An Introduction to Chemical Physics, 1872. a fame as enduring and extended as the elements he has subjected to the service of his fellow men, were made during his connexion with the University. The course of instruction has, however, thus far, with the exception of a Medical School, been confined to the usual undergraduate collegiate course. He The first Chancellor of the University was the REV. JAMES M. MATHEWS, D.D., who, for many years preceding his appointment, had occupied a prominent position among the clergy of the Dutch Reformed Church in the city of New York. He rendered good service to the institution by his unwearying labors in the presentation of its claims to public attention, and bore his full share of the difficulties attending its early years. was succeeded by the Hon. THEODORE FRELINGHUYSEN, late president of Rutgers College, in which connexion he has already been spoken of in these pages. After his removal from the University to Rutgers in 1850, the office he had filled remained vacant until 1853, when the highly efficient and respected incumbent, the REV. ISAAC FERRIS, a clergyman of the Dutch Reformed Church, and at the head of the Rutgers Female Institute, was appointed. In the list of the first professors we meet the names of the Rev. Charles P. McIlvaine, afterwards Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Ohio, Henry Vethake, and the Rev. Henry P. Tappan, both of whom have been at the head of important seats of learning, and the Rev. George Bush, all of whom have received notices at an earlier period of our work. With these were associated for a short time, the distinguished mathematician, David B. Douglas, LL.D., and Dr. John Torrey, one of the most eminent botanists of the country, and a leading member of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, the American Association of Science, etc. Dr. Torrey died in New York city, March 10, 1873. sists, on the plan of the previous portions, of concise biographies of the leading philosophical writers of modern Europe, with a brief exposition of their doctrines. Professor Henry has executed this difficult task with research and exactness. His work is a standard authority on the subject, and has received the commendation of Sir William IIamilton and other leading philosophers. Professor Henry is also the author of The Elements of Psychology, a translation of Cousin's examination of Locke's Essay on the Understand Lorenzo L. Da Ponte was at the same time appointed Professor of the Italian Language and Literature, and retained the office until his death in 1840. Ile was the son of Lorenzo Da Ponte, an Italian scholar, forced from his native country on account of his liberal political opinions, and authoring, with an introduction, notes, and appendix, of an agreeable autobiography, Memorie di Loren20 Da Ponte Da Ceneda, published in New York in three small volumes in 1823. Professor Da Ponte was a man of liberal culture and great amiability of character, and author of a history of Florence and of several elementary works of instruction on the Italian language. In 1836, Isaac Nordheimer was appointed Professor of the Hebrew and German languages. He was a man of great learning, and author of a History of Florence and of a Hebrew Grammar, in use as a text-book in our theological Seminaries. He continued his connexion with the institution until his death in 1842. The Rev. Cyrus Mason was appointed Professor of the Evidences of Christianity in 1836, and occupied a prominent position in the Faculty and business relations of the Institution until his retirement in 1850. In 1838 Tayler Lewis was appointed Professor of the Greek Language and Literature, and the Rev. C. S. Henry of Moral Philosophy. The first of these gentlemen has already been noticed in relation to his present sphere of labor at Union College. Caleb Sprague Henry was born at Rutland, Massachusetts, and graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1825. After a course of theological study at Andover, he was settled as a Congregational minister at Greenfield, Mass., and subsequently at Hartford, Conn., until 1835, when he took orders in the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was appointed in the same year Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy in Bristol College, Pa., and remained in that Institution until 1837, when he removed to New York, and established the New York Review, the first number of which appeared in March, 1887. He conducted this periodical until 1840, when it passed into the hands of Dr. J. G. Cogswell, who had been associated in its conduct during the previous twelvemonth. Professor Henry remained at the University until 1852. During this period, in addition to the active discharge of the duties of his chair, he published in 1845 an Epitome of the History of Philosophy, being the work adopted by the University of France for instruction in the colleges and high schools. Translated from the French, with additions, and a continuation of the history from the time of Reid to the present day.* The original portion of this work is equal in extent to one fourth of the whole, and con * 2 vols. 12mo. published at Hartford in 1834, and New York in 1839; of a Compendium of Christ an Antiquities* and of a volume of Moral and Philosophical Essays. He has also published a number of college addresses, mostly devoted to the discussion of his favorite subject of university education. The style of these writings, like that of his instructions, is distinguished by energy, directness, and familiar illustration. During the years 1847-1850 Dr. Henry officiated as rector of St. Clement's Church, New York. Since his retirement from the University, he has resided in the vicinity of the city, and has been a frequent contributor to the Church Review and other periodicals of the day. In 1860, a work was published anonymously by the Messrs. Appleton, the authorship of which, after some little discussion of the subject in the newspapers, was admitted to rest with the Rev. Dr. Henry. It was a genial book of home humors and out-of-door opinions, de omnibus rebus et quibusdam aliis, inuch after the manner of Southey's the manner of Southey's "Doctor," and was entitled, Doctor Oldham at Greystone's, and His Talk There. The book was lively, impulsive, and amusing in its discussion of social and political topics of the day, and brought the publie in a conversational relation with the author, previously shared only by his most intimate friends. The humors of Dr. Oldham are kindly, and his thoughts suggestive and profitable. In 1861, this production was followed by a collection of the author's graver philosophical essays, in a volume bearing the title, Considerations on Some of the Elements and Conditions of Social Welfare and Human Progress, being Academic and Occasional Discourses and other Pieces. The topics treated of are the importance of elevating the intellectual spirit of the nation; the position and duties of the educated men of the country; the true idea of the university; the historical significance of the acquisition of California; the Providence of God; the genius of human history; Young America and the true idea of progress; the * Phila. 1837. + New York, 1839. Principles and Prospects of the Friends of Peace, a discourse de ivered in Hartford in 1834. The Advocate of Peace. A Quarterly Journal, vol. i., 1834-5. Importance of Exalting the Intellectual Spirit of the Nation ; and the Need of a Learned Class. 2d Edition. New York: 1737. Delivered before the Phi Sigma Nu Society of the University of Vermont, August, 1836. Position and Duties of the Educated Men of the Country. New York: 1840. The Gospel a Formal and Sacramental Religion. A Sermon. 2d Edition. New York: 1846. The True Idea of the University, and its Relation to a Complete System of Public Instruction. New York: 1853. destination of the human race; President-making, in three letters to the Hon. Josiah Quincy, and the relations of politics and the pulpit. The temper of this volume is conservative, but it is a conservatism free from pedantry, and allied with progress in the future, according to the Divine government of the world, which is constantly bringing order out of confusion, and leading the race onward to a higher destiny. In the letters on "President Making," Dr. Henry points out the frustration of the plan under the Constitution of choosing the President, by the substitution of the direct vote of the people in place of the unfettered selection of a proper person by the body of electors; exhibits some of the prominent evils of this departure, and suggests as a remedy a diminution of the Government patronage, and the choice of the President by lot from the list of senators of the United States, under the direction of the Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court and his associates. In the essay on "Politics and the Pulpit," he asserts the duty of the Christian ministry to instruct the people in those higher principles, and their application, which affect the just exercise of their political rights." "It is infinitely important," he maintains, "that the sacred duties and the immense responsibilities inseparable from the possession of those rights, should be taught and practically enforced from the highest moral and Christian point of view," and the pulpit he finds the only adequate means of popular instruction in this light. Dr. Henry is at present rector of an Epis copal congregation at Newburgh, on the Hudson. In 1868 he delivered an Address on History and its Philosophy, before the New York Historical Society, which was subsequently printed by the Society. Benjamin F. Joslin, M.D., was appointed in 1838 Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. He resigned his appointment in 1844. He is the author of several valuable papers on philosophical subjects, which have appeared in Silliman's Journal. He has also written frequently on medical topics, and is a prominent advocate of the system of Hahnemann. In 1839 Dr. John W. Draper was appointed Professor of Chemistry. Dr. Draper is a native of England. He came to the United States in early life, and was graduated as a physician at the University of Pennsylvania in 1836. His inaugural thesis on that occasion was published by the Faculty of the institution, a distinction conferred in very few cases. Dr. Draper soon after became Professor in Hampden Sidney College, Virginia. He still remains connected with the University, and has contributed in an eminent degree to its honor and usefulness, by his distinguished scientific position, and the thoroughness of his instructions. Dr. Draper has devoted much attention to the study of the action of light, and was the inventor of the application of the daguerreotype process to the taking of portraits. He is the author of text-books on Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, of a large quarto work on the Influence of Light on the Growth and Development of Plants, of a large number of addresses delivered in the course of his academic career, and of numerous articles on physiological, medical, optical, and chemical subjects, which have appeared in the medical journals of this country and in the London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine. These papers, it is estimated, would, if collected, fill an octavo volume of one thousand pages. Several have been translated in France, Germany, and Italy. He is entitled from these productions to high literary as well as scientific rank, from the purity of style which characterizes their composition, and the frequent passages of eloquence and of genuine humor to be found at no long intervals in their pages. Dr. Draper has been a member of the Medical Faculty of the University since its formation, and was appointed by the unanimous voice of his associates president of that body in 1851. Mr. Elias Loomis, the author of several important scientific text-books, was in 1844 appointed Professor of Mathematics. Professor Loomis is a graduate of Yale College, and was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the University in 1844, having previously filled the same professorship in Western Reserve College, Ohio. He is the matics and astronomy.* author of several volumes and papers on mathe In 1846 Mr. George J. Adler was appointed Professor of the German language. Professor United States in 1833, and was graduated at the Adler was born in Germany in 1821, came to the University in 1814. He is the author of a German Grammar published in 1816, a German Reader in 1847, and a German and English Dic tionary, in a volume of large size, in 1818. He has since, in 1851, published an abridgment of this work, and in 1853, a Manual of German Literature, with elaborate critical prefaces on the authors from whom the specimens contained in the volume have been taken. In 1850 Professor Adler published an able metrical translation of the Iphigenia of Goethe. He is also the author of several articles on German and classical literature in the Literary World. Since the retirement of Professor Adler from the New York University, in 1854, he was actively engaged as a classical instructor and author till his death at the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum, N. J., August 24, 1868. In 1858, he published at Boston A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language, with Perpetual Exercises in Speaking and Writing, for the use of Schools, Colleges, and Private Learners. In this work, which was well received and passed to a second edition the following year, the author has applied the principles and method of his edition of Ollendorff's German Grammar to *Elements of Algebra, 12mo., pp. 260. A Treatise on Algebra, 8vo., pp. 336. Elements of Geometry and Conic Sections, Svo., pp. 226. Trigonometry and Tables, 8vo., pp. 344. Elements of Analytical Geometry, and of the Differential and Integral Calculus, 8vo., pp. 278. An Introduction to Practical Astronomy, with a Collection of Astronomical Tables, 8vo., pp. 497. Recent Progress of Astronomy, especially in the United States. He has contributed to the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, nine memoirs relating to Astronomy, Magnetism, and Meteorology; and to the American Journal of Science and Arts from twenty to thirty papers on various questions of science. The Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science also contain a number of his papers, and several have appeared in other periodicals. instruction in the Latin tongue, by a progressive series of oral exercises, supplying an ample vocabulary, and educating the student at once in the speaking, writing, and construction of the language. With the advantages of the new method, the work combines instruction in the old analytical rules. In 1860, Professor Adler published in New York, by subscription, in an octavo volume, a translation from the French, The History of Provençal Poetry, by C. C. Fauriel, late Member of the Institute of France. This was prefaced by an original critical introduction, from the pen of Professor Adler, with the addition of various learned notes. It was an attractive subject to the editor, this study of mediæval romance, and he was happily enabled to pursue it to advantage, amid the recently acquired European stores of the Astor Library in New York. In 1861, Professor Adler published, in pamphlet form, A Fragment of Text Notes on the Agamemnon of Eschylus, and in 1862 delivered in New York a course of biographical and critical Lectures on Roman Literature, including a survey of the origin of the language, and a general review of the several departments of authorship. During the last few years, Professor Adler had, among other studies, devoted himself to a critical study of Goethe's life-long work, his great poem of Faust, investigating its literary history, and elucidating, particularly in the second part, its learned and philosophical difficulties. In 1864, In 1864, he delivered a series of lectures on this subject in New York, which would form, if published, an interesting contribution to the already considerable stores of Faust literature. In 1866–8 he published two pamphlets: Wilhelm von Humboldt's Linguistical Studies, and Poetry of the Arabs of Spain: A Lecture. In 1852 Mr. Howard Crosby was appointed Professor of Greek. Mr. Crosby was born in the city of New York and was graduated at the University in 1814. Visiting Europe a few years after, he made an extensive tour in the Levant, the results of which were given to the public in a pleasant and scholarly volume, in 1851. the following year he published an edition of the Edipus Tyrannus of Sophocles. In Dr. Ferris, the late Chancellor, had the pleasure of making the last payment on the debt of this institution, which amounted to seventy thousand two hundred and fifty dollars, on the 14th June, 1854. Immediately after, the council proceeded to carry out the great aim of the institution, by measures for organizing the school of art, the school of civil engineering, and the school of analytical and practical chemistry. The first was placed in charge of Prof. Thos. S. Cummings, N. A., well known among us as first in his department of art; the second of Prof. Rich. H. Ball, A. M., an alumnus; and the third of Dr. John W. Draper, whose reputation is worldwide, and who has since given to the scientific world another great work, prepared with great labor and care, entitled History of the Intellectual Development of Europe, and which has *Land of the Moslem, a Narrative of Oriental Travel, by El Mukattem. already been translated into several European languages. This work, of rare philosophical acumen and singular felicity of style, has been followed by another of similar character, entitled Thoughts on the Future Civil Policy of America, in which the author develops and illustrates his theories of national growth and progression. Subsequently, Dr. John C. Draper and Dr. Henry Draper, the sons of Dr. John W. Draper, have been associated with him, and the work of the school is conducted according to the best foreign modes of similar schools. The sons brought with them from a careful visitation and examination of foreign laboratories, made in 1856, all that could be of value here, and they have accordingly secured as the result unusual facilities for their students. Dr. Henry Draper has at once secured a high position by his photography of the moon, which has called out the admiration of the scientific. The Smith sonian Institution has honored him by the publication of an exposition of his work in the volume of its proceedings for 1864. Rev. Henry M. Baird, A. M., son of the late Dr. Robert Baird, an alumnus, has succeeded to the Greek chair. Having spent some time in Greece, he is peculiarly qualified for his department, and is enabled to illustrate the archæology and topography of Greece from his stores of original information. of original information. He spent several years in the department of Greek instruction in the College of New Jersey with eminent success. He has published Modern Greece; a Narrative of a Residence and Travels in that Country, with Observations on its Antiquities, Literature, Language, Politics, Religion (New York, 1856). **In 1870 Dr. Ferris, at his own request, was relieved of the duties of office and constituted Emeritus Chancellor, while Professor Howard Crosby, D. D., LL. D., was elected Chancellor. Besides the works previously enumerated, Dr. Crosby has of late years written various scholarly books. These comprise: The New Testament, with Brief Explanatory Notes or Scholia, 1863; Bible Manual, 1870; Jesus, His Life and Work as Narrated by the Evangelists, 1870; The Healthy Christian, 1871, a series of bracing essays treating of the vital duties of the Christian life; Thoughts on the Decalogue, 1873. A distinct scientific department was created in 1871, thus making four departments in all in the University Arts, Science, Medicine, and Law. In the first two of these tuition fees were abolished, and instruction made free to all worthy of admission. These notable changes doubled the number of students in the departments of Science and Arts. The salaries of the professors were also increased, by the liberality of its friends; and its council in 1872-3 was engaged in raising a new endowment of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, for the permanent enlargement of the course of study. The law school was reorgan * In 1867-8 appeared Dr. J. W. Draper's History of the American Civil War, in three volumes. In this able work he discussed, in an impartial spirit, the leading political questions which had agitated the country for half a century, and thus presented a philosophical history of the late Rebellion. His philosophical works have been lately translated into the French, Italian, German, and Russian languages. |