crews look upon these fresh signs? 7. Describe the way in which Columbus maintained his authority. 8. What ended the despair of the men? 9. Can you think of any reason for sympathizing with them? We now come to the actual discovery of land. 1. What song was sung every evening on Columbus's ships? 2. Give the address of Columbus to his crew in your own words. 3. How did every one feel that night? 4. What did Columbus see early in the night? 5. Who first saw land? When? 6. Who received the reward? 7. Tell what may have been the thoughts and feelings of Columbus as he waited for the dawn. 1. What land was Columbus seeking? 2. What is meant by the Gloria in excelsis? Salve regina? 3. Where is Seville? 4. In this story how did Columbus show his courage? his patience? his self-control? Proper Names: Alonzo Pinzon (a lon'tho Pin'thon); Cipango (Thipan go), Japan; Niña (Nē'nya); Seville, a city in Spain; Rodrigo Sanchez (Rod re'go San'cheth); Pedro Gutierrez (Pā'dro Goo'tē er'reth); Triana (Trē an'a); San Sálvador means Holy Savior. Phrases: Signal punishment, severe punishment not likely to be forgotten; Gloria in excelsis (glory in the highest) and Salve regina (Hail, queen); laid to, came to a stop; gentleman of the king's bed-chamber, a nobleman in the service of the king. For Study with the Glossary: critical, augmented, derided, delusive, wafted, intervening, fomenting, temperament, compulsion, imminent, desperado, notorious, conjectured, discountenanced, inclination, controvert, stimulate, avarice, refractory, impede, prevalent, Señor, compliance, diverted, insensibly, beguiled, confident, forfeit, squadron, caravel, preconcerted, inspiriting, turbulent, sanguine, invariable, vesper, authorized, precaution, forecastle, poop, unremitting, roundhouse, transient, adjudged, conjectures, aromatic, prone, fanes, Oriental. For Oral and Written Composition: 1. The fear of unknown things and places. 2. How Columbus kept his control over the sailors. 3. How the strangers must have seemed to the Indians. 5 10 15 20 COLUMBUS Behind him lay the gray Azores, Before him only shoreless seas. The good mate said: "Now must we pray, "My men grow mutinous day by day; They sailed and sailed, as winds might blow, Should I and all my men fall dead. For God from these dread seas is gone, They sailed. They sailed. Then spake the mate; With lifted teeth, as if to bite! Brave Admiral, say but one good word: 5 1. With what point in Columbus's great work does the poem begin? 2. Explain lines 3 and 4. 3. What troubles did the mate see ahead of them? 4. What is Columbus's answer to every fear and every difficulty? 5. What indications are there that the author of this poem had read Irving's story, which you have just read? 6. What is meant by "gained a world "? 7. What other service does the poet say he rendered us? For Study with the Glossary: Azores, Gates of Hercules, ghastly, wan, blanched. D 15 THE INDIANS OF VIRGINIA Within sixty miles of Jamestown there are about five thousand people, but of able men fit for war there are scarce fifteen hundred. There is a far greater number of women and children than of men. To support so many to5 gether, they have yet no means, because they derive so small a benefit from their land, be it ever so fertile. Six or seven hundred have been the most that have been seen together. The people differ very much in stature. Some are very great, others very little; but generally tall and straight, of 10 a comely proportion, and of a brown color when they are of age, but white when they are born. Their hair is generally black, and but few have any beard. The men shave one half of their hair and wear the other half long. For barbers they have the women, who with two shells will grate away the 15 hair in any fashion they please. The hair of the women is cut in many fashions suitable to their years, but some part always remains long. They are very strong, of an able body, and full of agility; able to endure lying in the woods under a tree by the fire 20 in the worst of winter, or in the weeds and grasses in ambuscade in summer. They are treacherous in everything except where fear constrains them; crafty, timorous, and quick of apprehension. Some are of fearful disposition, some are bold, most are cautious, all are savage, and gen25 erally covetous of copper, beads, and suchlike trinkets. They are soon moved to anger, and so malicious that they seldom forget an injury. Each household knows its own lands and gardens, and most live by their own labor. For their apparel they are sometimes covered with the skins of wild beasts, which in 5 winter are dressed with the hair, but in summer without. The better sort use large mantles of deerskins. Some of these mantles are embroidered with white beads, some with copper, others painted after their manner. We have seen some wear mantles made of turkey feathers, so prettily 10 wrought and woven with threads that nothing but the feathers could be discerned. They were exceedingly warm and very handsome. They decorate themselves mostly with copper beads and paint. Some of the women have their bodies and 15 faces tattooed with pictures of beasts and serpents, wrought into their flesh with black spots. In each ear they have three great holes, from which they hang chains, bracelets, or pieces of copper. Some of the men wear in those holes a small green and yellow colored live snake, nearly half a 20 yard in length. Some wear on their heads the wing of a bird or some large feather, and a rattle, which they take from the tail of a snake. Many have the whole skin of a hawk or some strange fowl stuffed, with the wings spread. Their heads 25 and shoulders are painted red with the root pocone bruised to powder and mixed with oil: this they claim will preserve them from the heat in summer and from the cold in winter. |