Bitter lakes, salt in, 209.
Blanc, Mont, section through, 346.
Blackwater river, 479.

Blown sand, 76, 145.
Bog-iron-ore, 182.

Bosses of igneous rock, 415.
Bourbon, isle of, 36.

Boulder clay, formation of, 169,

283.

Bradford clay, 302.
Breccias, 143.

Brick earth, 141.

Bridlington, recession of cliffs at,

125.

Brighton, raised beach at, 54.
Brimham rocks, 77.
Bristol coalfield, 303.
Bridgewater Bay, marshes of, 195.
Bronzite, 248.

Burford, coal-measures under, 390.
Buried valleys, 60.

Burntisland, volcanic rocks of, 412.
Burren, joints in limestone of, 320.
Burrowstownness, coal-field of, 400.

C.

Calabria, earthquakes in, 41.
Calcutta, well at, 167, 197.
Calcareous deposits, 176, 179, 215.
Calcareous rocks, weathering of, 70.
Calcite, 243.

Calcic phosphate, 244.

Calcic sulphate, 243. See Gypsum.
California, mineral veins in, 373.
Cambridge, joints near, 321.
Cambridgeshire, peat of, 155; river
gravels in, 165; shell marl in,

179.

Canada, peat-mosses of, 154.
Cannel-coal, 289.

Canons, formation of, 109.

Canton, granite of, 72.

Cantyre, raised beaches of, 57.
Caraccas, earthquakes at, 37.
Carbonic acid, action of, 68; in the
sea, 212, 213.

Carbonate of lime, deposition of,
148, 175, 212; in rivers, 175; in
the sea, 207; solution of, 70.
Carbonate of iron, 71, 292.
Carlsbad, springs of, 148.

Carnelian, 241.

Carolina, North, 144..

Caspian sea, salts in, 177.

Caves, sea, 56; formation of, 119.
Cave-earth, 143.

Caverns, origin of, 89.

Chalk, composition of, 229, 286.
Chalcedony, 241.
Chanonat, valley of, 106.
Chara, 178.

Chemical action of rain, 68; de-
posits, 147, 174, 208; elements,
234.

Chert, 287, 293.

Chesil bank, 188.
Chiastolite, 248.

Chili, earthquakes in, 42.

Chlorite, 250.

Chrysolite, 249.

Clapham Cave, 91.
Clay, 283.

Claystone, 275.
Clay-ironstone, 292.

Cleavage, of crystals, 236; of rocks,

294, 430; dip and strike of, 433.
Cleveland Dyke, 410.

Cliffs, waste of, 119, 121, 125.
Clinometer, 332.

Clunch, 287.

Coal, 288; altered, 298; joints in,
316; seams of, 309.

Coal-measures, 306, 309, 383, 384,

389, 400.
Coast-ice, 131, 202.

Coleorton, contemporaneous erosion
at, 380.

Colorado, canons of, 109; surface
sculpturing in, 470.

Columnar structure, 314.
Compression, faults produced by,
370; contortions produced by,
348, 458; table of, 349.
Concretions, 291.
Conglomerate, 280.

Contemporaneous erosion, 377, 379.
Continents, origin of, 455.

· Contortions, 338,345; cause of, 347.
Contraction, faults produced by,
367; joints produced by, 317;
theory of secular, 460.
Coprolites, 293.

Coquimbo, raised beaches at, 54.
Coral reefs, growth of, 62, 215.
Coral rock, 218.

Cork, valleys of, 477, 479.
Cornstone, 281, 287, 288.
Cornwall, coast of, 122; elvans of,
427; granite of, 72, 443; mines
of, 12; raised beaches of, 54,
145; sand-drifts of, 146; sub-
merged forests of, 59.

Corsite, 269.

Crag, decalcification of, 70.
Cretaceous rocks, overlap of, 388.
Crete, changes of level in, 50.
Crinoidal limestone, 287.

Crich Hill, view and map of, 492.
Cromer, loss of land at, 126.
Crush-breccia, 281.

Crust of the earth, 17, 19.
Crystals, 236.

Curvature of beds, 331.

Current-mark, 313.

Dacite, 268.

D.

Dalmeny, dolerite at, 416.

Danube, matter transported by, 160.

Dartmoor, granite of, 421.
Dead Sea, salts in, 177.
Decomposition of rocks, 70.
Deltas, formation of, 165, 172.
Denudation, definition of, 66; proofs
of, 486; results of, 375, 467.
Density, of earth, 14; of rocks, 14;
increased by pressure, 15.
Deposits, fluviatile, 158, 161; marine,
184, 207; terrestrial, 141.
Deposition of detritus, 161, 171;
increased by depression, 195;
limits of, 198; of salts in solution,
148, 176.

Depression of land, 49; proofs of,
57; effects of, on erosion, 111,
135.

Derborence, lake of, 94.
Derivative rocks, 279.

Detrition, definition of, 66; results
of, 81; proofs of, 486; of Ire-
land, 487.

Devon, coasts of, 122; cleavage in,
432; granite of, 72, 420; mines
of, 12.

Devitrifaction, 264.
Diabase, 275.

Diallage, 248.

Diatoms, 180, 226.

Diopside, 247.

Diorite, 269.

Dip, 331; of cleavage planes, 433.
Dipslope, 473.

Disintegration, processes of, 65.
Dislocations, 350.

Dolerite, 270.

Dolomite, formation of, 211, 290,
298.

Donegal, granite of, 450.
Dore, Mount, 394.

Dorsetshire, coast of, 122, 131.
Drainage, basins of, 483.

Drei Zinnen, 319.

Dublin county, structure of, 384.
Dunes, 145.

Dunite, 271.

Dungeness, growth of, 193.
Dunwich, waste of land at, 126.
Durdle Cove, view of, 123.
Dykes, 22, 409.

E.

Earth, crust of, 17, 465; internal
condition of, 16; internal heat of,
11; shape of, 8; surface sculp-
turing of, 467; weight or mass
of, 17.

Earthquakes, 37; effects of, 47;
origin of, 38; phenomena of,
40.

Earth pillars, 74.

Eastbourne, loss of land near, 128.
Eclogite, 272, 297.

Egypt, blowing sand in, 76, 147.
Eifel, extinct volcanoes of, 397;
valleys of, 107.
Elæolite-syenite, 272.

Elbe, matter transported by the,
160.

Elevation of land, 49.

Elvans, 424.

Elvanite, 267.

Encrinites, 302.

English Channel, deposits in, 198.
Enstatite, 248.

Epidote, 249.
Episodes, 310.

Erosion, 98, 375, 467; fluviatile, 97;
base level of, 110; marine, 117;

Falkland Islands, 145.
False-bedding, 311.
Fan-structure, 346.

Faults, 350; effects of, 352, 357;
open and close, 354; compound,
355; origin of, 366; and flexures,
connection of, 369; trough, 356;
transverse, 357: strike, 361.
Felspars, 244.

Felspathic rocks, weathering of, 71.
Felsite, 269.
Felstone, 273.
Felstone-tuff, 284.

Fenland, peat of the, 155; forma-
tion of, 191.

Fifeshire, volcanic rocks of, 396, 404,
412.

Fiords, 61.

Fire-clay, 283.

Firestone, 281.

Flagstone, 282,

Flexures, 338; cause of, 347; in

connection with faults, 353, 369.
Flint, 241, 293.

Floods, in river valleys, 102.

Florida, coast of, 157.

Fluor spar, 242.

Fluviatile agencies, 97; deposits, 158.

Galionella, 182.

Galway, granite of, 448.
Gangue, 371.

Ganges river, 159; delta of, 166,

197.

Garnet, 248; garnet rocks, 272.
Gaylenreuth, cave of, 90.
Geneva, lake of, 173.

Geology, definition of, 1; Dyna-
mical, 7; Physiographical, 452;
Structural, 221.
Geognosy, 5.

Geological map and section, 333.
German Ocean, bed of, 197.
Geysers, 150, 151.

Giants' Causeway, 324, 407.
Gibraltar, breccia of, 144.
Glaciers, work of, 113, 200.
Glauconite, 227, 251, 288.
Globigerina ooze, 222.
Gneiss, 247.

Goodwin Sands, 127.
Graham's Island, view of, 35.
Grangemouth, buried valley at, 61.
Granite, 267; decomposition of, 72;
metamorphic, 448; of Cornwall,
427, 443; of Dartmoor, 421; of
Leinster, 419, 424, 443; position
of, 416.
Granulite, 297.

Graphite, 241.

Hade of faults, 350.

Hæmatite, 241, 291.
Halleflinta, 295.

Hampshire, erosion of coast, 130.
Hauyne, 249.

Hawaii, volcanoes of, 32.
Head, formation of, 145.
Headlands, origin of, 120.
Heat, action of sun's, 78; and cold,
action of, 77; and pressure, 258,
446.

Heaves, 359, note.

Hills and valleys, origin of, 469.
Hills of upheaval, 497; of circum-
detrition, 497; of accumulation,
498.

Himalayas, roots of the, 459.
Himley, fault at, 353.

Hitchin, gravel pipes at, 87.

Holland, the delta of the Rhine, 166.

Holyhead, submerged forest at, 59.
Hornblende, 247; schist, 297.
Humber estuary, 191.

Hunstanton, submerged forest at,

59.

Hurst Castle bank, 189.
Hydrates, 235.

Hydraulic limestone, 287.
Hypogenous rocks, 417.
Hypersthene, 248.

I.

Ice, on land, 113; on the sea, 131,
200.

Icebergs, formation of, 200.
Icefoot, 131.

Iceland, gypsum in, 149; siliceous
sinter in, 150.

Idaho, lava plains of, 406.
Idocrase, 248.

Igneous rocks, 256, 262; structure
of, 263; classification of, 264;
petrology of, 391; contemporary,
392.

Ilfracombe, cleavage near, 432; in-
version near, 345.

Ilmenite, 242.

Inclination of beds, 331.

India, floods in, 103; sand drift in,

147; basalt plateaux of, 407.
Indian Ocean, diatoms in, 225.
Indus, gorge of the, 482.
Inliers, 489; faulted, 492.
Interbedding, 305.

Interbedded sheets, 397.

Intrusive rocks, 408; sheets, 411.
Inversion of beds, 343.

Ireland, Central, subterranean
streams of, 89.

Ireland, South, cleavage in, 434;

detrition of, 487; hills and valleys